1、雅思强化第 1 讲（True/False/ Not Given Or Yes/No/Not Given）一基本原则 ：1. 注意要求，不要混用或错用。True/False/ Not Given 或者 Yes/No/Not Given 2. 仔细阅读题目，确定题目的含意和其中的关键词，不要主观臆断，所有的题目均从原文找答案。3. 顺序原则。题目的顺序和原文的顺序大体一致（偶尔出现乱序） 。4 题目中否定信息，表示程度或范围的信息，比较级，最高极，虚拟语气，条件状语从句，数字，比例关系，倍数关系，一般为考点。5. 解题步骤1）定位，找出题目在原文中的出处(1)找出题目中的一个或两个关键词；(2)从
2、头到尾快速阅读，根据题目中的其它关键词，在原文中找出与题目相关的一句或几句话，确定其位置；(3)仔细阅读这一句话或几句话，比较题目中的关键词与原文，进行判断，确定正确答案。二 .答案为 Yes 或者 True 的几种情况 ：1. 题目虽在用词、结构方面与原文不同，但是含义和原文基本保持一致例 1原文：Few are more than five years old.译文：很少有超过五岁的。题目：Most are less than five years old.译文：大多数都小于五岁的。解释：题目与原文是同义结构，意义基本一致，所以答案应为 True例 2原文：Frogs are losing
3、 the ecological battle for survival, and biologists are at a loss to explain their demise.译文：青蛙失去了生存下来的生态竞争能力，生物学家不能解释它们的死亡。题目：Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying.译文：生物学家不能解释为什么青蛙死亡解释：题目中的 are unable to 与原文中的 are at a loss to 是同义词，题目中的 why frogs are dying 与原文中的 their demise 是同义词，所以答
4、案应为 True例 3.S: The traditional images of the “male breadwinner” and “female housewife and mother” may be breaking down among females but this process is occurring more slowly among males. Q: Men accept changing perceptions of traditional gender roles more slowly than women do. 比较双方：男人和女人的角色结论：男人的角色变
5、化慢2. 根据原文推断出来成立的题目。S: The future, we are told, is likely to be different. Detailed surveys of social and economic trends in the European Community show that Europes population is falling and getting older. Q: In the future, the number of people in employable age groups of European Community will dec
6、line.S: Three out of four of the teachers feel that their work is rewarding.Q: The majority of the teachers in school are satisfied with their work.S: The machine is made of steel. Q: The machine is made of metal. (范围扩大)三 .答案为 No 或者 False 的几种情况 ：1. 题目中有下列词的变化原文用词 题目用词many/some/several，bothand , and
7、, or , also 等表示部分的词All, the whole, only 等表示全部的词，（原文多个条件并列，题目只有一个条件）sometimes, occasionally, unlikely 等表示不定频率的词usually/always/impossible 等表示固定频率的词feel, consider, think, 等表示感受和感受的不确定的词prove, be established, be recognized 等已成事实的词theory hypotheses /fact以及 题目中含有绝对性的词，如 definitely，absolutely ， must， anywa
8、y，invariably，inevitably ，impossible ，only，exclusivelyEg 1S：Many lecturers find their jobs very interesting;Q: All lecturers get something positive from their work.Eg 2S: Women have fewer opportunities for promotion and higher status jobs, even in industries which employ mostly women, tend to be fill
9、ed by men.Q: Men are invariably preferred to women when it comes to promotion.Eg 3S: Even in wet areas once teeming with frogs and toads, it is becoming less and less easy to find those slimy, hopping and sometimes poisonous members of the animal kingdom.Q: Frogs and toads are usually poisonous. S:
10、Many theories and methods have been propounded as to the best way to ensure exam success, but all students need to be reminded that a consistent approach to studying is certainly not inconsequential in achieving exam success. Q: Several hypotheses have been put forward about the best way to pass exa
11、ms. 例 原文：But generally winter sports were felt to be too specialized.译文：但一般来说，冬季项目被感觉是很专门化的题目：The Antwerp Games proved that winter sports were too specialized.译文：Antwerp 运动会证明冬季项目是很专门化的解释：原文中有 feel，强调是 “感觉”题目中有 prove，强调是“事实”所以答案应为 False例 原文：Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are
12、upsetting the breeding cyclesof frogs.译文：另一种理论是世界范围温度的升高破坏了青蛙的生长循环题目：It is a fact that frogs“ breeding cycles are upset by worldwide increases in temperature.译文：一个事实是青蛙的生长循环被世界范围温度的升高所破坏解释：原文中有 theory，强调是“理论”题目中有 fact，强调是“ 事实”所以答案应为为 False 2. 题目与原文（或作者的观点）的意思相反，有明显矛盾，通常用反义词、not 加同义词及反义结构。例 1原文：A spe
13、cies becomes extinct when the last individual dies.译文：当最后一个个体死亡时，一个物种就灭亡了题目：A species is said to be extinct when only one individual exists.译文：当只有一个个体存活时，一个物种就被说是灭亡了解释：可以看出题目与原文是反义结构。原文说一个物种死光，才叫灭绝，而题目说还有一个个体存活，就叫灭绝，题目与原文直接相反，所以答案应为FalseS： Research into the validity of selection methods has consiste
14、ntly demonstrated that the unstructured interview is a poor predictor of future job performance and fares little better than more controversial methods like graphology and astrology. Q: Graphology is a good predictor of future of job performance. S：Private cars are gaining in popularity, despite the
15、ir cost.Q: Private cars used to be more popular than they are now3. 题目偷换原文的概念A+B+C+DA+B+C+E例：S: Most of the port citys population is engaged in providing goods and services for the city itself. Trade outside the city is its basic function. But each basic worker requires good, housing, clothing and o
16、ther such services.Q: Most people in a port city are engaged in international trade and finance.4.原文中包含条件状语，如 if、unless 或 if not 也可能是用介词短语表示条件状语, 如 in, with, but for 或 except for 等，题目中去掉了这些表示条件状语的成份例 1原文：The Internet has often been criticized by the media as a hazardous tool in the hands of young co
17、mputer users.译文：Internet 通常被媒体指责为是年轻的计算机用户手中的危险工具。题目：The media has often criticized the Internet because it is dangerous. 译文：媒体经常指责 Internet ，因为它是危险的。解释：原文中有表示条件状语的介词短语 in the hands of young computer users, 题目将其去掉了所以答案应为 False例：S: If the fangs were longer, the king cobras might bite the floor of its
18、 mouth and commit royal suicide.（条件）Q: The king cobra can bite themselves with fangs and commit suicide.四 .答案为 NG 的几种情况 ：1 原文中有 aim, purpose, promise, swear, vow 等词，题目中变成表示事实的实义动词(或原文有假设 assumption, 推测 prediction, 记录 record 等，题目去掉以上词)S: He vowed he would never come back.Q: He never came back.S: Reco
19、rd shows that 100 pagodas crumbled over the past years.Q: 100 pagodas crumbled over the past years.S：His aim was to bring together, once every four years, athletes from all countries on the friendly fields of amateur sport. Q: Only amateur athletes are allowed to compete in the modern Olympics. (注意：
20、切忌凭自己感觉猜测)2.题目中的内容在原文中根本没提到或与原文无关（即考点/比较点不同，又如原文中无比较级，而题目中用了比较级)S: Because of women long excluded from many paid jobs and thus economically dependent on husbands or fathers, paid employment has undoubtedly brought economic and social gains to them. For many previously inexperienced young women, the
21、opportunity to gain financial independence, albeit limited and possibly temporary, has helped break down some of the taboos of their societies and prescriptions on womens behaviour.Q: Unemployment men generally encourage their wives to work.S: In families, the traditional roles of men and women are
22、often reversed if the man becomes unemployed.Q: In families where the woman has a job, men and women usually have traditional roles. S: A crime victim may be injured and thus unable to call for help, for example no telephone may be available at the scene of the incident. Often however, there is no s
23、uch physical barrier to calling the police.Q: Physical barriers are the greatest cause of delay in contacting police. (原因不符)。S：Educational standards in schools have, in general been improving.Q: Educational standards are not as unsatisfactory as they used to be. 3. 原文表示不确定的内容，题目做出确定的结论或推理（如题目将原文表述的最
24、高级之一表述为最高级；题目将原文的范围缩小等）S: The 57-square-kilometere Sydney Harbor is one of the largest in the world and famous for the unmistakable 134-metere high arch of the Harbor Bridge and the graceful sails of the Opera House. Q: Sydney Harbour is the largest in the world.S：The tourists come mainly from Europe.Q: Tourists come mainly from the UK.五说明：1 要读懂题目2 要回原文找根据3 所有题目都归于对、错和相关与否的范畴4 不要钻牛角尖5 这种题中， NG 不占多数 , 6 先做确信对的，把疑问留到最后做答案时解决，根据比例 TRUE 或 FALSE7 可以把题目变成否定句，与原文对照。p 2, p 9, p 18, p30, p49, p68, p95, p98, p126,
