1、 2018 年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans h
2、ave an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the
3、 University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens
4、 would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the s
5、tudents who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of th
6、e University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,p
7、articipants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on onescuriosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long
8、-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity.“Hsee says.In other words,dont read online comments.1. A. resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore2.A. refuse B. wait C. seek D. regret3.A. rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4.A. alert B. tie C. expose D .treat5.A. message B. trial C
9、. review D. concept6.A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9. A. rather than B. such as C. regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover11. A. pay B. marriage C. food D. schooling12.A.
10、 begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to13.A. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence D. diligence14.A. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-deceptive15.A. resist B. define C. replace D. trace16.A. predict B. overlook C. design D. conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D
11、. pretend18. A. relief B. plan C. outcome D. duty19.A. whether B. why C. where D. how20. A .limitations B. investments C. strategies D. consequencesSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your an
12、swers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of boo
13、ks and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessa
14、rily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But hes also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in t
15、he family of vocational education “have that stereotype, that its for kids who cant make it academically,” he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of Americas evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to h
16、igh school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rigitfully so.But the headlong push into bachelors degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point: Thats not the only thing the American economy need
17、s. Yes, a bachelors degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on
18、its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most arent equipped to do them. Koziateks Manchester School of Technology High School
19、is trying to fill that gap.Koziateks school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nations diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students lack of_.A. mechanical memorizationB. academic trainingC. practical abilityD. pioneering sp
20、irit22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who_.A. are financially disadvantagedB. are not academically successfulC. have a stereotyped mindD. have no career motivation23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates_.A. are entitled to more “educational pri
21、vilegesB. are reluctant to work in manufacturingC .used to have more job opportunitiesD. used to have big financial concerns 24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all_.A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. is expected to yield a better-tra
22、ined workforceD. indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The authors attitude toward Koziateks school can be described as_.A. supportiveB. disappointedC. tolerantD. cautiousText2While fossil fuels- coal, oil, gas- still generate roughly 85 percent of the worlds energy supply, its clearer th
23、an ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted Business to fund clean
24、er energy sources. But increasingly the stories about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already
25、a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power ac
26、counted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US ,reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But
27、 that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the states electricity generation - and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “what happens when
28、 the wind doesnt blow or the sun doesntshine?“ has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage-capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on b
29、attery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While theres a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up
30、 perhaps: just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does-or doesnt do-to promote alternative energy may mean less and less a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word “plummeting“(Line 3,Para.2) is closest in meaning to _A. stabilizing B. changing C. fa
31、lling D. rising27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America _A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa,_.A. wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced f
32、ossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5 developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout t
33、he day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the cale
34、ndar, I protect this time like I would a doctors appointment or important meeting,” he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities your day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our
35、Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans w
36、ould be most effective when it come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In o
37、rder to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body.idleness is ,paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done
38、,” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more effici
39、ent.“What people dont realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain.” says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to_A. seize every minute to workB. list you immediate tasksC. make specific daily plansD. Keep to
40、your focus time37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows thatA. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsB. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expectedC. distractions may actually increase efficiencyD. daily schedules arc indispensable to studying38. According to Newport, id
41、leness is _-A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC. an effective way to save time and energy0. an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains shift between being focused and unfocused _A. can bring about greater efficie
42、ncyB. can result in psychological well-beingC. is driven by task urgencyD. is aimed at better balance in work40. This text is mainly about_A. approaches to getting more done in less timeB. Ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeC. The key to eliminating distractionsD. The cause of the lack of focus
43、 timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.A. Be presentB. Just say it
44、C. Ask for an opinionD. Find theme toosE. Name, places, thingsF. skip the small talkG. Pay a unique complimentFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that mo
45、ment will strengthen the link. You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link. Here are five simple ways that you can make the fit move and start a conversation with st
46、rangers.41._Suppose you are in a room with someone you dont know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”-this is something that mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something-the first word-but it just wont come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. l know the
47、 feeling and here is my advice: just get it out. Just think: what is the worst that could happen? They wont talk with you? Well, they are not talking you now! I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything will just flow. I truly believe that once you get that first word out everyt
48、hing else will just flow. So keep it simple “hi“, “hey“ or “hello“-do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “hi“.42. _Its a problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this tal
49、k memorable. Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi”, “hello”,” how are you?” and “whats going on?”, you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable. So dont be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, youll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43. _When you meet a person for the first time, make an ef
