1、- 1 -土木工程材料词汇_汉英对照AAtterberg limits 阿太堡界限Austenite 奥氏体BDams 坝Degree Of saturation 饱和度Specific surface 比表面积specific gravity 比重 surface tension 表面张力glacial till 冰渍Glass-fibre reinforced plastics 玻璃纤维增强塑料Poissons ratio 泊松比Portland cement 波特兰水泥chemical composition 化学成分settling of paste 浆体的凝结hardening of
2、 paste 整体的硬化types 品种strength 强度hydration 水化fineness 细度manufacture 制造Portland cement，grades 波特兰水泥的标号white and coloured 白色和彩色波特兰水泥blast furnace 波特兰高炉水泥ultra-highEarly-strength 超高早强波特兰水泥low-heat blast furnace 低热波特兰高炉水泥low-heat 低热波特兰水泥waterproof 防水波特兰水泥sulphate-resisting 抗硫酸盐波特兰水泥rapid-hardening 快硬波特兰水泥
3、ordinary 普通波特兰水泥- 2 -extra-rapid-hardening 特快硬波特兰水泥air-entraning 引气波特兰水泥hydrophobic 憎水波特兰本泥Steel, stainless 不锈钢CLayered soil 层状土Overconsolidation ratio 超固结比(OCR)Quick clay 超灵敏度土Sedimentation test 沉淀试验Settlement 沉降consolidation Settlement 固结沉降Immediate Settlement 瞬时沉降prediction Settlement 预测沉降Recryst
4、allisation 重结晶Consistency index 稠度指数Thixotropy 触变性Falsework carpentry 粗木工Quenching 淬火Brittle fracture 脆性断裂DDarcys law 达西定律Single crystals 单晶Unit cell 单位晶胞Weight unit 单位重Thermal conductivity 导热系数 Binder mixtures for roads 道路胶结料混合物Equi-viscous temperature (e vt) 等粘滞温度(eVt)Eutectic 低共熔groundwater 地下水gr
5、oundwater flow 地下水流动groundwater surface 地下水面Phreatic surface 地下水位表面- 3 -Piezometric surface 地下水位计表面GeoTextiles 地用织物Lattice structures 点阵结构Electroplating 电镀Electrode potentlials 电极电位Electrons 电子Precipitation hardening 淀析硬化Heave, frost 冻胀Galvanising 镀锌Wrought steel 锻钢Polymorphic change 多晶型变化FReaction
6、wood 反作甩式木材Tanking 防潮处理Protective coatings 防护涂料(见腐蚀防护和 个别材料的条目)Nondestructive testing 非破损性试验pull-out test 拔出试验ultrasonic pulse method 超声波脉冲法break-off test 断裂试验resonance method 共振法penetration test 贯人试验hardness method 硬度方法Resolved shear stress 分解剪应力 Efflorescence 粉化Silt 粉土Corrosion 腐蚀steel 钢腐蚀aluminiu
7、m 铝腐蚀copper 铜腐蚀Corrosion prevention 腐蚀防护commerclad steels 工业等级钢的防腐蚀alloys 合金的防腐蚀Composites 复合材料- 4 -GDry rot 干腐Steel 钢forgings 锻件grades 钢号heat treatment 热处理castings 铸件Tempering of steel 钢的回火Rusting of steel 钢的生锈Concrete, high strength 高强混凝土Anisotropy 各向异性Copolymers 共聚物Eutectoid 共析Oedometer test 固结试验
8、Solid solutions 固溶体interstitial 间隙固溶体substitutional 置换固溶体Piping 管材Piping 管涌grouts 灌浆Darcy equation, extended 广义达西方程见砖 硅酸钙砖Filters. criterion for 过滤体的准则0verburden stress 过载应力0verheated steel 过热钢HWater content 含水量optimum 最佳含水量Welding 焊接Macrostructure 宏观结构Macrofabric 宏观构造Slip 滑移Slip bands 滑移带Compounds
9、化合物- 5 -Loess 黄土Activity 活性Recovery 恢复Concrete 混凝土specification 分类nondestructive testing 非破损性试验flowing 流态混凝土mix design 配合比设计trial mixes 试配admixtures 外加剂fresh，properties of 新拌混凝土的性质curing 养护hardenedproperties of 硬化混凝土的性质quality control 质量控制constituents 组成Deformation of concrete 混凝土的变形Poissons ratio 泊
10、松比timedependency 经时变形shrinkage 收缩modulus of elasticity 弹性模量specification of concrete 混凝土的分类designed mixes 设计混合料prescribed mixes 指定混合料Workability of concrete 混凝土的合易性compacting factor test 捣实因数试验measurement 测量flowtable test 流动桌试验slump felt 塌落度试验V-B consistometer test V-B 稠度试验factors affecting 影响合易性的因素
11、Segregation of concrete 混凝土的离析见砌块 混凝土砌块Strength of concrete 混凝土的强度standard deviation 标准离差modulus of rupture 断裂模量tensile 抗拉强度- 6 -compressive 抗压强度design mean 设计平均强度characteristic 特征强度factors influencing 影响混凝土强度的因素Durability of concrete 混凝土的耐久性weathering 风化chemical attack 化学侵蚀alkali-aggregate reaction
12、s 碱集料反应sulphate attack 硫酸盐侵蚀wear 磨损leaching 溶析permeability 渗透性volume changes 体积变化absorption 吸水性Shrinkage of concrete 混凝土的收缩drying 干燥收缩plastic 塑性收缩autogeneous 自动收缩Deformation of concrete elastic 混凝土的弹性变形Stability of concrete 混凝土的稳定性segregation 离析bleeding 泌水Concreteproperties 混凝土的性质deformation 变形worka
13、bility 和易性durability 耐久性strength 强度permeability 渗透性shrinkage 收缩stability 稳定性Deformation of concrete creep 混凝土的徐变变形Curing of concrete 混凝土的养护Quality control of Concrete 混凝土质量控制standard deviation 标准离差cumulative Bum control chart 累计控制图表Shewart control chart 谢瓦尔特控制图表- 7 -JMechanical twining 机械双晶作用Fletton
14、 brick 机制砖Aggregates 集料coarse 粗集料normal 普通集料lightweight 轻集料all-in 天然混合集料fine 细集料heavyweight 重集料Aggregate properties 集料的性质deformation 变形surface texture 表面织构equivalent mean diameter 当量平均直径moisture content 含水量grading 级配grading modulus 级配模量porosity 孔隙率types 品种strength 强度toughness 韧性physical properties 物
15、理性质relative density 相对密度shape 形状hardness 硬度Filters，graded 级配过滤体Varved clay 季节性粘上Work hardening 加工硬化Filters，loaded 加载滤体Dilatancy 剪胀性Glued laminated timber 胶合木Binders 胶结料tars 焦油胶结料bitumens 沥青胶结料Binder mixtures 胶结料混合物- 8 -rubberised binders 掺橡胶的胶结料emulsions 乳化胶结培料cutbacks 稀释胶结料pitchbitumen blends 碰煤沥青一
16、沥青胶结料混合物Binder properties 胶结料性质stiffness modulus 刚度模量chemical properties 化学性质durability 耐久性softening point 软化点physical properties 物理性质adhesion 粘合性penetration index 针入度指数Cross-linking 交联Tar 焦油Tarmacadam 焦油碎石路Contact moisture 接触水分steel structural 结构钢Structural carpentry 结构木工marine work 海洋工程constructio
17、nal work 结构工程Deformation of metals 金属的变形Plastic 塑性变形elastic 弹性变形Crystalline structure of metals 金属的晶体结构Tensile properties of metals 金属的抗拉性质definition 定义参见个别材料条目 alloyssteeI 合金和钢Strengthening of metals 金属的强化Close packing 紧密堆积Grain boundary 晶界Grain 晶粒Grain structure 晶粒结构Grain growth 晶粒生长Polypropylene
18、聚丙烯Poly(Vinyl acetate) 聚醋酸乙烯酯- 9 -Polymerisation 聚合Polymers 聚合物Definition 定义alleye 聚合物hybrids 共和物grouts 灌浆processing 加工fire behaviour 可燃性chain 链membranes 膜durability 耐久性viscoelasticity 粘弹性compounding 配料types 品种foams 泡沫cellular 泡沫的多孔的emulsions 乳液乳化abbreviations 缩写词additives 添加剂hydrocarbon 烃类network 网
19、状fibres 纤维fibre-reinforced 纤维增强properties 性质creep 徐变adhesives 黏合剂bearings 支承textiles 织物Durability of poymers 聚合物的耐久性Concreie，polymer-modified 聚合物改性混凝土Poly(vinyl chloride) 聚氯乙烯Poly(tetrafluorethylene) 聚四氟乙烯Polyamides 聚酰胺Polyethylene 聚乙烯Polyesters 聚酯Uniformity coefficient 均匀系数- 10 -KAngle of shearing
20、resoistance 抗剪角undrained 不排水的residual 残余effective，drained 有效的，排水的Shear strength 抗剪强度tests 抗剪强度试验in site 现场抗剪强度Particle size distribution 颗粒粒径分布Particle shape and texture 颗粒形状和织物Weldability 可焊性structural steel 结构钢可焊性a|uminium alloys 铝合金可焊性A1r voids content 空气孔隙含量Void ratio 孔隙比maximum and minimum 最大和最
21、小孔隙比Porosity 孔隙度Porewater 孔隙水Suction，porewater 空隙水负压Porewater pressure 孔隙水压力Control charts 控制图表cumulative sum 累计控制图表LCumulative sum techniques 累计技术Cold work 冷加工Annealing after cold work 冷加工后退火Asphalt 沥青fine cold 精制冷沥青mastic 玛蹄酯compressed natural rock 浓缩天然岩沥青hot-rolled 热碾沥青Bituminous materials 沥青材料fo
22、r roads 道路用沥青材料for waterproof coatings 防水涂层用沥青材料- 11 -for hydraulic works 水利工程用沥青材料Bituminous roadmaterials 沥青道路材料bases 底层base course 垫层wearing course 耐磨层Bitumen permittivity 沥青的介电常数Bituminous mixtures 沥青混合物analysis 分析workability 和易性(施工度)durability 耐久性strength 强度flexibility 柔韧性design 设计performance t
23、ests 性能试验Asphaltic concrete 沥青混凝土gravel 砾石Mechanical analysis 力学分析Critical void ratio 临界孔隙比Sulphate attack 硫酸盐侵蚀Aluminium 铝commercial grades 工业等级铝Aluminium wrought alloys 铝可锻合金Aluminium casting alloys 铝铸造合金MMartensite 马氏体Marshall test 马歇尔试验Capillary rise 毛细管水上升Capillary fringe 毛细管边缘Capillary siphon
24、毛细管虹吸Capillary water 毛细管水Sensitivity 敏感性Mohr failure envelope 摩尔破坏包络线Mohr diagram 摩尔圆Stress of point 某一点应力Timber 木材- 12 -preservation 防腐seasoning 干燥moisture content 含水量durability 耐久性types 品种strength 强度infestation 侵害defects 缺陷cell structure 细胞结构uses 应用Timber preservation 木材的防腐open tank application 敞箱
25、作业preservatives 防腐剂pressure application 加压作业steeping 浸泡dipping 浸蘸brush application 刷涂作业deluging 淹浸Preservatives for timber 木材的防腐剂tar oil 焦油防腐剂water-soluble 水溶性防腐剂organic solvent 有机溶剂防腐剂Timber seasoning 木材的干燥air seasoning 通风干燥kiln drying 窑干Cohesion 木材的含水量Conversion of timber 术材的锯制Durability of timber
26、 木材的耐久性Strength of timber 木材的强度stress grading 应力等级Infestation of timber 木材的侵害insects 昆虫侵害fungal growth 真菌生长侵害Defects in timber 木材的缺陷seasoning 干燥缺陷chemical 化学缺陷- 13 -conversion 锯制缺陷natural 天然缺陷Knots 木节NNylon 尼龙Pest 泥炭Viscosity 粘度viscometers 粘度计coefficient 粘度系数penetration test 针入度试验Viscometers 粘度计stan
27、dard tar 标准焦油粘度计evi 等帖滞温度粘度计sliding plate 滑板粘度计capillary 毛细管粘度计torsion 旋转粘度计Clay 粘土quick 超灵敏粘土marine 海洋粘土Clay products 粘土制品见砖 粘土砖Cohesion 粘性PDrainage 排水Filters，drainage 排水过滤体Mix design 配合比设计trial mixes 试配Swelling index 膨胀系数pF value pF 值pH value pH 值Fatigue 疲劳Boulders 漂砾石Equilibrium diagrams 平衡图alumi
28、nium-magnesium 铝镁平衡图- 14 -aluminiumcopper 铝一铜平衡图principles 平衡图原理lead-tin 铅一锡平衡图iron-carbon 铁一碳平衡图copper-tin 铜一锡平衡图copper-zinc 铜一锌平衡图Steel，plain carbon 普通碳钢QPaint 漆Block 砌块size 尺寸dimensional changes 尺寸变化thermal conductivity 导热性basic forms 基本型式aggregate concrete 集混凝土砌块aerated concrete 加气混凝土砌块density 密
29、度soldering 耐久性strength 强度properties 性质manufacture 制造constituent materials 组成材料见砖砌体和砌块砌体 砌块砌体Lead 铅Brazing 钎焊Notch ductility 切口延性Steel notch ductile 切口延性钢Etching 侵蚀Canals 渠道Curvature, coefficient 曲率系数RHeat treatment 热处理steel 铜的热处理aluminium alIoys 铝合金的热处理- 15 -Thermal transmittance 热传导率Thermosets 热固性塑
30、料processing 加工Hot working 热如工Thermoplastics 热塑性塑料ThermaI resistance 热阻Leaching 溶析作用Density，bulk 容量，密度saturated 饱和容重dry 干容重submerged 淹没容重natural 自然容重Creep 蠕变Emulsions 乳液，乳化emulsifying agents 乳化剂Head of water 软焊softening point 软化点ring and ball test 环-球试验Softwoods 软木STriaxial compression apparatus 三轴压缩
31、仪Sand 砂Sand asphalt 砂性沥青Sand mastic 砂性玛碲脂Flash point 闪点Cementite 渗碳体Permeability coefficient 渗透系数Permeability 渗透性Permeability，test for 渗透性试验Wet corrosion 湿腐蚀Wet rot 湿腐朽Age hardening 时效硬化Trees 树classification 分类conversion 锯制- 16 -growth structure 生长结构cellular structure 细胞状结构Water 水Hydraulic gradient
32、水力梯度Cement 水泥Portland 波特兰水泥supersulphated 超硫酸盐水泥high-alumina 高铝水泥pozzolanic 火山灰质水泥slag 矿渣水泥types 品种Head of water 水头Relaxation 松弛Plastics 塑性（参见聚合物和个别材料条目)pipe 管材塑料structure 结构用塑料coatings 涂料塑料Plastic limit 塑限Plasticity index 塑性指数Shrinkage limit 缩限TElasticity 弹性Modulus of elasticity 弹性模量E1wtomers 弹性体Ca
33、rbonation 碳化作用Steel for specific uses 特殊用途钢cladding 包覆用钢high tensile bolts 高抗拉力螺栓用钢concrete reinforcement 混凝土钢筋bridge wire 桥梁用钢丝railways 铁路用钢prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土用钢Filler 填料Fill 填土- 17 -Ferrite 铁素体Copper 铜Terrain diagram 透视图Coatings 涂料soil 土transported 搬运土residual 残积土exploration 勘探description
34、描述Swelling and monswelling 膨胀和非膨胀土壤origin 土的起源stabilisation 稳定作用field identification 现场鉴定colour 颜色organic 有机的土Soil profile 土的剖面Compaction of soils 土的压实Classification system for soil 土分类系统Chemical content of soils 土化学组成含量Compressibility of soil structure 土结构的压缩性Annealing 退火WAdmixtures 外加剂superplastic
35、isers 超塑化剂accelerating agents 促凝剂water-repelling agents 防水剂retarders 缓凝剂pozzolanas 火山灰water-reducets 减水剂plasticisers 塑化剂pore fillers 填充剂pigments 颜料air-entraining agents 引气剂bonding agents 粘结剂Microstructure 微观结构- 18 -Microfabric 微细构造造Dislocations 位错Unconfined compression strength 无侧限抗压强度XTin 锡Cutbacks
36、 稀释Finishing joinery 细木工Field identification 现场鉴定Phases 相relative density 相对密度见平衡图 相图Zinc 锌Heartwood 心材green timber 新鲜木材Creep 徐变YCompression 压缩constrained 侧限压缩elastic 弹性压缩Compressibility 压缩性coefficient of volume 体积压缩系数coefficient 压缩系救Compression index 压缩指数Rooks 岩石metamorphic 变质岩igneous 火成岩sedimentar
37、y 水成岩Geotechnology 岩土工程学Ductility 延性Ductile fracture 延性断裂Anodising 阳极氧化Youngs modulus 杨氏模量soil 土的杨氏模量brick 砖的杨氏模量- 19 -oxidation 氧化Oxidised bitumen 氧化沥青jointing 结合additives 添加剂Liquid limit 液限Liquidity index 液性指数Consolidation one-dimensional 一维固结Frost susceptibility 易冻性Cathodic protection 阴极保护structu
38、ral steel 结构钢阴极保护buried steel pipes 土埋钢管阴极保护principles 原理Stress grading 应力等级Stress path 应力轨迹Obliquity of stress 应力倾斜角Stress-strain relationship 应力应变关系Deformation of concrete factory influencing 影响混凝土徐变的因素Pitch 硬沥青Hardwoods 硬木Effective stress 有效应力Precosolidation stress 预先固结应力ZAdhesives 粘合剂Fire point
39、着火点Fungal decay 真菌腐朽Fungal growth 真菌生长Penetration test 针入度试验Penetration index 针入度指数Normalising 正火Textiles 织物Fahric structures 织物结构Clay brick-making 制砖粘土Pearlite 珠光体Principal stress 主应力- 20 -Castings 铸件Cast iron 铸铁Brick 砖size 尺寸firing 煅烧classification 分类calcium silicate 硅酸钙砖 compressive strength 抗压强度density 密度durability 耐久性strength 强度thermal properties 热的性质Water absorption 吸水性properties 性质raw materials 原材料manufacture 制造clays for making 制砖粘土soluble salt in 砖中的可溶盐Compressive strength of brick 砖的抗压强度weathering steels 自然实效钢TotaI stress 总应力Inhibitors 阻止剂缓蚀剂Maximum past pressure 最大过去压力
