1、 第四讲 否定、转折、比较类短对话 否定、转折、比较三种类型的听力试题都是四级听力测试中极常见的题型，它们有一个共同之处，即都有比较固定的专用词语和句法结构。熟练掌握和细心捕捉这类词语和结构是攻克这类试题的要领。 一、否定类对话要求考生对内容的肯定或否定加以判断。常见的否定类型有以下几种：包含有否定词。常见的否定词有：no，no one，none，nobody，nothing ，never ，neither ，nor， hardly， rarely，little，seldom，few。还有许多有否定词缀构成的词，如 useless，impolite 等。 常见的否定词缀有：im-, un-，d
2、is-，non- ，less。包含有含否定意义的词和词组，如：without， instead of，avoid ， hate，deny，fail，refuse，ignore，dislike ，overlook，miss，far from，short of， tooto，anything but，rather than 等。常用的否定结构有否定副词never，little ，rarely 等开头的倒装句，以及双重否定结构如：not uncommon，No one can deny 等。一般否定句只是在肯定句中加否定词，意思明了，容易识别。而通过否定式句法结构产生的否定句型，意味复杂，容易出错。
3、 二、 转折类对话考查对说话人的侧重点进行辨别的能力。表示转折的词很多，如：but ， or，otherwise，however ，anyhow 等。在听力测试中连词 but 最为常见，出现率很高。在这样的句子中，but 后面传递出来的信息往往受到强调，因此也往往成为解答问题的关键所在，考生对此应十分敏感，but 前面传递出的信息一般总是充当辅助信息。与 but 相反，连词 or 只是对前面的分句进行补充，说话人的重点仍在前一个分句上。另外 but，or 是连词而 otherwise，however 等是副词。 三、 比较类对话要求考生在两种或两种以上的事物的比较中得出结论。考生必须熟练掌握包
4、括同级比较、比较级、最高级等多种比较形式，理解各种比较结构所表达的含义。在做比较类型题时，一要抓住信息中心的比较对象，二要捕捉比较词，如same， like，asas，alike， different，different from，not the same 等，三要掌握同义词、反义词的替换，如 preferto等于 likemore than，I cant agree more 就等于 I completely agree 等等。 常见的典型句式有： (not) as+adj./adv.+as; more/lessthan; the more，the more ; twice (half) a
5、sas. 1 A. He would like to go other country on vacation. B. He would save every penny he earns in order to go abroad. C. He is not able to go abroad because hell buy a car. D. Hed like to drive his car to go abroad. 2 A. She has worked there longer than I have. B. She hasnt worked anywhere for a lon
6、g time. C. She doesnt work there anymore. D. She finds a job before long with that company. 3 A. She was disappointed. B. She felt very bad. C. She was very confident. D. She was unprepared. 4 A. The exam was easy. B. The exam was hard. C. The exam time was too long. D. The last question was especia
7、lly hard. 5 A. He did very well in science courses this semester. B. He hasnt taken enough courses in math. C. He likes math enough to continue with other science courses. D. He doesnt want to have any more science course. 6 A. Wait for his cousin. B. Go to the airport. C. Prepare dinner. D. Do home
8、work. 7 A. Go to a game. B. Eat her supper. C. Miss her class. D. Meet her friends any time. 8 A. It is going to be held as planned. B. It is postponed till next week. C. It is supposed to be held at seven oclock. D. It is replaced by a mask ball tonight. 9 A. She must be very careful. B. She will b
9、e affected. C. Both A and B. D. She is not doing her job well. 10 A. The man will take the apartment. B. The man will not sleep well. C. The apartment is not good. D. The man will find an apartment elsewhere. 11 A. He should make an interesting decision between them. B. He should take neither of the
10、m since they are both difficult. C. He should decide by his interest that which language he would learn. D. He should not make decision before he know more about them. 12 A. This summer is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter. C. Today is the hottest day in this summer. D. The sun was bright
11、er this morning than it is now. 13 A. It is not disgusting at all. B. It is more disgusting than expected. C. It is usually called disgusting. D. It is the most disgusting she has ever seen. 14 A. They should ask for the assignment after next week. B. They should remember the significant date. C. Sh
12、e should keep the minute of her clock correct. D. She should finish her homework early. 15 A. It was in a quiet surrounding. B. It was very comfortable. C. It was not too far. D. It was inconvenient. 16 A. His injury kept him at home. B. He was too weak to see the doctor. C. He didnt think it necess
13、ary. D. He failed to make an appointment. 17 A. She is not interested in the papers. B. She has given the man much trouble. C. She would like to have a copy of the papers. D. She doesnt want to take the trouble. 18 A. Neither of them is successful. B. One of them is not very successful. C. Both play
14、s are successful. D. They are a great failure. 19 A. The tape was missing. B. The tape had been returned to Paul. C. Jack lent his tape to Paul. D. Jack brought the tape to the party. 20 A. It has been reprinted four times. B. It is no longer available. C. It is temporarily out of stock in the store
15、. D. This is a book out of date. 21 A. She saw on TV the big tower she visited. B. She has visited the TV tower twice. C. She has visited the TV tower once. D. She will visit the TV tower in June. 22 A. Its too far away from them and they have to get up very early. B. Its better to set off early to
16、avoid being hold up by traffic. C. It will not be a good whether tomorrow for sightseeing. D. It might be very cold tomorrow and theyd better stay home. 23 A. Mary will do the laundry. B. Mary is too busy to help. C. Mary will delay her written work. D. The man will do the laundry. 24 A. The man wan
17、ts to go to the movies. B. The man is too tired to go to the movies. C. The man does not want to go to the movies. D. The woman wants to go out for dinner. 25 A. Type letters. B. Go back home. C. Give the man a hand. D. Talk to Mr. Mark. 26 A. He has made great progress in his English. B. He is not
18、very interested in English songs. C. He is a student of the music department. D. He is not very enthusiastic about his English lessons. 27 A. The man is looking for quality product. B. The woman is selling more products for good money. C. They are making coat out of pure silk. D. They are talking ab
19、out products qualities and costs. 28 A. It has two editions with the same cover. B. Both editions are the same price now. C. The paperback edition is on sale. D. The hardcover edition is more expensive. 29 A. Most people killed in traffic accidents are heavy drinkers. B. People should pay more atten
20、tion to the danger of drunk driving. C. Drunk drivers are not guilty. D. She does not agree with the man. 30 A. The professors lectures are more informative than books. B. The professors lectures can give you the same thing as books. C. The professors lectures are less informative than books. D. Rea
21、ding books is worthless. 注释 ankle n. 脚踝 assign vt. 布置；分派 assignment n. 任务，工作；(课外) 作业attitude n. 态度，看法 available adj. 可利用的，可以得到的 a web company 网络公司 balcony n. 阳台 barely adv. 仅；几乎不 behave vi. 举止，行为表现disgusting adj.令人厌恶的 clear up 清理 comfortable adj. 愉快的，舒适的 comment n. 看法，评论 concert n. 音乐会 confident adj
22、. 自信的 confidence n. 自信 convenient adj. 方便的 inconvenient adj. 不方便的 countless adj. 无数的 innocent adj. 无辜的cousin n. 堂/ 表兄弟，堂/表姊妹 discouraging adj. 使人沮丧/ 气馁的 drunk driving 酒后驾驶 edition n. 版本 editor n. 编辑 elsewhere adv. 在别处，往别处 enthusiasm n. 热心，热情 enthusiastic adj. 热心的，热情的 freshman n. 大学一年级学生 get infected
23、 被感染get caught in the traffic 遇上车流高峰 a great deal of 许多的，大量的 handle vt. 处理，对付 hand in 上交；提交 hardback n. 精装书，硬书皮的书 paperback edition 纸面本，平装本 informative adj. 增进知识的；有教益的 injury n. 伤，受伤处 laundry n. 洗衣物，待洗的衣物 mild adj. 温和的 musical instrument 乐器 on a business trip 业务出差 on a vacation 度假 on sale 降价销售 out o
24、f print 绝版 policy n. 政策，方针 psychology course 心理学课程 rigid adj. 僵硬的，顽固的 SARS (serious aspiratory and respiratory syndrome ) 非典型性肺炎 schedule v. 预定，安排 serious adj. 严重的 suit vt. 适合，合身 surrounding n. 环境 Television Tower 电视塔 temporarily adv. 暂时的， 临时的 utter adj. 彻底的，完全的，绝对的 vacation n. 休假，假期 worthless adj.
25、没有价值的， 不足取的 难句选译 Actually theres nothing worth hearing. I would rather read books after class than listen to his lectures. 其实也没什么值得听。我宁可课余时间读书也不愿听他的课。 Anyhow Ill manage to find time for that. 无论如何，我会尽量找时间去办。 But I want to buy a car, and thats going to take every penny Ive got. 但是，我想买一辆车，那将花掉我赚到的每一分钱
26、。 Fine, but we have to leave very early or well get caught in the traffic. 好的，但是我们很早就得出发，否则我们就会遇到交通阻塞。 I could not feel worse about it!我感觉再糟糕不过了。 I couldnt make it last June. 去年六月我没能去。 I only wish he shows half as much for his English lesson. 他对英语课要是有一半热情就好了。 It could hardly be more disgusting. 讨厌极了
27、。 The way that boy behaves! 唉，看看那孩子的样子！ 表示否定的疑难结构和句型 No one in the history of this area had ever had such experiences. 这个地区有史以来没有人有过这样的经历。 Nothing interests her more than classic Chinese music.她最着迷于中国古典音乐。 Ill have to let you go in case you fail to provide the right data next time. 如果你再不能提供准确的信息，我就得
28、解雇你了。 Hardly had he rushed onto the platform when the departure bell rang. 他刚冲到月台上开车铃就响了。 Little do I deny the fact that I witnessed the incident.我不否认我目睹了那个事件。 He is anything but a scholar. 他绝不是什么学者。 This is too subtle an issue to deal with publicly.这问题太微妙，不宜公开谈论。 It is rarely uncommon to come acros
29、s an eccentric in Broadway. 在百老汇偶尔碰到一个怪人并不罕见。 表示转折、比较的疑难结构和句型 Anyhow they managed to survive the severe winter.至少，他们在那个严冬里活了下来。 We must hurry. Otherwise，they would leave without us. 我们得赶快点儿，要不他们就先走了。 Hold on! Or he will release the bomb.停下！要不他会投下那枚炸弹。 The boy is not half as interested in his lessons
30、 as in computer games. 这孩子对功课的兴趣还不及他对电脑游戏的一半。 I think Im 3 pounds lighter than I was this morning.我想我比今天早上瘦了三磅。 A. When shall we hand in the written work you assigned last week? B. The sooner the better. 甲：我们应该什么时候交您上星期布置的功课呢？ 乙：越快越好。 I cant agree with you more on this issue.在这个问题上我完全同意你的看法。 In fact her marriage ended，for her husband preferred men to women. 实际上她的婚姻早已结束，因为她丈夫喜欢的不是女性而是男人。
