1、YY8670 专八改错 老师王菲英语专业八级改错试题简析1 题型分析 校对与改错是英语专业学生高年级考试（TEM-8）的第四部分。该部分采用主观测试题型。 答题要求部分说明修改短文的三种方法：加入、删去和改动某一单词，并举例说明。 要求修改的短文长度为200-250字左右。短文的体裁和题材不超出学生所熟悉的范围。 短文内含10个错误；错误都出现在标有题号的行内。错误一般涉及单个词；每行只出现一个错误。要求修改的单词既有功能词（如介词、冠词等），也有实义词（动词、名词等）。错误既涉及句内也涉及句际。2测试目的 校对与改错部分的测试目的是检查学生在实际语境中灵活运用语言的能力。 该项目考查学生的语
2、法和词汇知识，但更侧重评估学生的综合语言能力。3 考核重点（1）语法知识众所周知，英语语言能力包括众多因素，其中之一是语法知识。没有系统的语法知识，学习者就很难全面、准确地以口头或书面的形式表达思维或意念。对于把英语作为外语的学生来说，语法知识的掌握尤为重要，因为它有助于提高语言的准确性、逻辑性。鉴于此，校对改错项目的一个测试点是检验高年级学生语法知识的掌握程度及其运用能力。如：定语从句，情态动词，冠词，介词，反身代词等。因此，对于学生来说，在平时一要巩固已学过的语法知识，理清概念；二要注重提高运用语YY8670 专八改错 老师王菲2言知识解决具体问题的能力。（2）词汇与搭配校对改错项目的另一
3、测试点是学生对常用词汇、搭配和用法的了解及运用。如:外层空间应为outerspace，而不是outspace做动作应为 performanact，而不是 makeanact姿式应为posture，而不是post站起来应为 gettotheirfeet，而不是getontheirfeet（3）篇章结构该项目旨在测试在具体语境或上下文中使用语法或词汇的能力。在校对改错这个特定的考试环境中，它所提供的具体语境或上下文是一篇200字左右的短文。这篇短文由十来个在意义上相关联的句子构成；而需要修改的语病都出现在这些在意义上是有机组合的句中。鉴于这个特点，学生要跳出单句的框架，从语段（表达相关层次意思的句
4、子组合）的角度来进行判断。句内错误：一般对此类错误的判断无须超越句子本身。Waterrisingawayfromthedepthsoftheearthduring （删去away）句际错误：对此类错误的判断要基于上下文之上，也就是牵涉到句与句之间的关系了。asanhourofgatheringproduces240 （把as改成while）YY8670 专八改错 老师王菲3专八改错解题思路1. 宏观层面分析（1）（2）（3）2. 微观层面分析（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）3. 注意事项（1）即使按照语感很快找到了疑似错误，也要坚持读完全句再做判断，可能会有新的发现。过于相信第一感觉而带来的失分
5、是划不来的。（2）分两次改比较合理，因为毕竟只有少数人能够在第一遍看材料的时候就找出所有的错误，尽管这些错误不见得隐藏得多深。（3）常考题型，高度警惕。应对技巧1 学会灵活应用语法知识2 扩大词汇量,掌握固定搭配3 增强篇章结构的意识4 采用正确的解题技巧YY8670 专八改错 老师王菲4专业八级改错题常见错误汇总 （根据词性划分考点）一 名词1 名词词义辨析1997/10Heholdshis“readiness-torise”postandkeepsonholdingit.2001/8Anxioustocheckinflationandrisinglifecosts2003/1 and br
6、ought the birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred yearsofasteadydecline1996/2Asweknow,lifewouldonlybepossibleonthefaceofaplanet2 名词的数的辨析名词的可数与不可数是比较重要的问题，它涉及到冠词的用法。有许多单词是不可数的，但是在一定的情况下又可变为可数名词。如：light,experience,translation,difficulty等。有一些个体名词，在一定的情况下可以抽象化，变为不可数名词。（1）Chine
7、se,aircraft,barracks,deer,swine,series,species等。（2）take pains, make arrangements, give regards to, sing praises of, master of ceremonies, be inhighspirits等。（3）Minutes 记录papers 文件，证件 authorities 当局greens 青菜Damages 赔偿费等。YY8670 专八改错 老师王菲51995/10Theygivetheconcentrationsonthreemainpollutant2004/9toinfor
8、mthecitizenryandtoarousepublicinterestsinnationalissues.（4）（5）Musicandpaintingsarefinearts.Theygainedgreatsuccessesindevelopingtheirnationaleconomiesandcultures.（6）difficulties,opinions等。（7）TheUnitedStates等。二 动词1 时态 常见时态及对应的时间状语（1）every,often,usually,sometimes等一般现在时表经常发生的动作或者存在的状态。（2）yesterday,lastw
9、eek,anhourago,theotherday,in 1982,justnow，inthosedays 等一般过去时表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。（3） for,since,during,from,in,sofar,ever,never,yet,till/until 等现在完成时跨在两个时间之上，一是过去，一是现在。它的动作发生在过去，但对现在有所影响。YY8670 专八改错 老师王菲6（4）now,atpresent,atthismoment, 等现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。（5）nextweek(month,year)tomorrow,inaweek(month,ye
10、ar) 等一般将来时（6）before,by,when,after,once 等过去完成时 如果从句表示的是客观事实，真理或者一个人（物）的经常性特点或习惯，其时态通常用一般现在时，不受主句时态的影响。例：Theteachertoldthechildrenthesunwasthecenterofsolarsystem.单项改错练习MyfrienddidntseemeformanyyearswhenImethimlastweek.Shehasdiedtenyearsago,butsheisstillrememberedbyallwhoknewher.Overthepastyears,Marcoh
11、adhadtheopportunitytotraveltomanyremoteareasoftheearth.Mothertoldmethathonestywasthebestpolicy.2002/6We begin the natural learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read orwrite, and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and practicing thepronunciation2 语态提示：（1）不及物动词或
12、者不及物动词短语没有被动语态。appear,belongto,breakout,occur,happen 等。YY8670 专八改错 老师王菲7（2） 被动语态中的几个常见介词用法。by 表示动作的执行者with 表示使用某种工具of 表由原料制成from 表示某中物质直接看不出来。例：Thebridgeismade_stone.Thepencilwassharpened_knife.Wineismade_rice.Thearticlewaswritten_Jack.单项改错练习Thismeetinghascanceledbecauseofthebadweather.Farmanimalsha
13、vebeenregardlessbynearlyallsocietiesasavaluableeconomicresource.Anotherrailwayisgoingtobuiltinthearea.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinmyhometown.3 虚拟语气英语语气一共有3种分别为: 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。1 虚拟语气的一些特殊用法：（1）表示命令，要求，建议，劝告的动词以及其名词要求宾语从句中使用虚拟。某些主语从句中也需要虚拟。（2）Itis(was)+形容词+主语从句（should） +doimportant,essential, ins
14、istent,appropriate,advisable,necessary,desired,等（3） wouldrather+did（4） Itishightimethat+shoulddo/didYY8670 专八改错 老师王菲8（5）Wish 后面的宾语从句中要求使用虚拟语气，其用法也分为对现在，过去将来实际情况相反的虚拟。（6）incase,lest,forfearthat 引导的状语从句中，要求使用虚拟语气should+do单项改错练习Hewishesthatheisateacher.Idratheryoustayathomeandtookcareofthesick.Hetookhi
15、sumbrellawithhimincaseitwillrain.Itisimportantthatallthepreparationworkhasfinishedbeforetherainyseasonstarted.Theclubpresidentsrecommendationwasthatallmembersareatthepartybyseventhisevening.4 非谓语动词Comparingwithcars,thetrainrunsmuchfaster.2000/4Butthisisarathermisledwayofexpressingthedistinction.2001
16、/7butthegovernmenthadnowishtobecomeinvolving,三 形容词和副词1 asas句型Myparcelisasheavyasyours.Recently,theeconomicdevelopmentinourcountryisasstableasformerly.2 not as (or so)as句型Myuncleisnotas(orso)tallasyourfather.Peoplearenotsohonestastheyoncewere.3 “与其不如”YY8670 专八改错 老师王菲9（1） notsomuchas（2） moreAthanB（3）
17、lessAthanBHewasnotsomuchangryasdisappointed.Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.Heismoreawriterthanateacher.Heislesscleverthandiligent.4 more than（1）Ihaveknownhimformorethantwentyyears.Ihavemorethantendollarsinmypocket.（2）Hemorethansmiled,butlaughed.（3）Shewasmorethankindtous.Hewasmorethanups
18、etbytheaccident.5 “越越” 句子主要成分+比较级+and+比较级2003/4From the 1940s through the 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a younger agethan2005/6 the poor ones job prospects, the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the jobmarkettoeducation四 代词12004/6There are important corollaries to the inve
19、stigative power. One is the power to publicizeYY8670 专八改错 老师王菲10investigationsanditsresults.2This/that/those/these2003/8theirmarriagesremainedintacttoagreaterextentthandidthatofcoupleswho31998/6theyquicklygrowthecapacitytofendforthem五 一致关系1Thechild,beingtakencareofbyhisgrandparents,aredeafandmute.Th
20、eamountofpressurewhichthematerialsaresubjecttoaffectthequalityoftheproducts.ThebookmanystudentsfoundinterestingwerewrittenbyafamousAmerican.2Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that isnotfullyunderstood.3Buyingclothes are often a time-consuming job
21、 because those clothes that a person likes arerarelytheonesthatfithimorher.4The president of the college, together with the deans, are planning a conference for thepurposeoflayingdowncertainregulations.Theteacheraswellasthestudentslikethispainting.5Mysisterormybrotherislikelytobeathome.Neithermywife
22、norImyselfamabletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind.6Hisfamilyisntverylarge.Thecommitteemeetstwiceamonth.YY8670 专八改错 老师王菲11Theaudiencewasenormous.Theaudienceweregreatlymovedatthewords.Thisnewseriesisbeginningnextmonth.Thesenewseriesarebeginningnextmonth.Thisspeciesisnowextinct.Thesespeciesarenowexti
23、nct.7 其他（1）Tales from Shakespeare isabookbyCharlesLamb.（2）Manyapersonhashadthatkindofexperience.Morethanonepersonhasinvolvedinthecase.（3）Anumberofbookshavebeenpublishedonthesubject.Thenumberofbookspublishedonthesubjectissimplyamazing.（4）BothNewYorkandLondonhastrafficproblems.Mypictureandtheprizeisha
24、nginginthelibrary.六 介词 （固定搭配）1（1）rich in sth., intent on sth., indifferent to sth., adjacent to, averse to, deaf to, loyal to ,preferableto,similarto,superiorto,sensitiveto等。YY8670 专八改错 老师王菲12（2）Themanisblindofaneye.Bobwasblindtohisownfault.（3）disappointedatsth./disappointedwithsb.Large numbers of u
25、s, in fact, remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with unconsciousof2（1）asolutiontosth. havefaithinsth. aglanceatsth.（2）onsbsguard atsbsrequest2000/8ButsizeisbynomeanagoodcriterionfordistinguishingthegrammaticalwordsofEnglishBynomeansByallmeansBymeansofBythismean2003/10thetemporarydeclineind
26、ivorcedidnotoccurinthesameextentin2004/3andinrareoccasions,tolaythe3Add to, adhereto, admit to, allude to, attend to, applyfor,agree with, goabout, gofor,resortto,seeabout,taketo2004/4committeesrelyoutsideexpertsto1997/3Ifhedidnotcareofhisguestsfeelings七 词汇的用法错误YY8670 专八改错 老师王菲131Threepassengersdied
27、inthecarcrush.Theresolutionwasadaptedbyavoteof180infavorto10againstit.Afterthegovernmenthadtakensomeefficientmeasures,pricesbegantoleveloff.Thediseasemainlyeffectstheskinandnerves.2ProfessorSmithspokehighofhisstudentsperformance.Sheheldhimtight,wipingawayhistears.八 状语从句分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式
28、。1常用引导词：when,as,while,assoonas,while,before,after,since,till,until特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant,immediately,directly,nosoonerthan,hardlywhen,scarcelywhenIdidntrealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.Thechild
29、renranawayfromtheorchardthemomenttheysawtheguard.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.2常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever,anywhere,everywhereGenerally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.3常用引导词：because,since,as,since特
30、殊引导词：seeingthat,nowthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat,consideringthat,forYY8670 专八改错 老师王菲14thereasonthatMyfriendsdislikemebecauseImhandsomeandsuccessful.Nowthateverybodyhascome,letsbeginourconference.Thehigherincometaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.Consideringthatheisnom
31、orethan12yearsold,hisheightof1.80misquiteremarkable.4常用引导词：sothat,inorderthat特殊引导词：lest,incase,forfearthat，inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthatThebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignthem.Theteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly.5常
32、用引导词：sothat,sothat,suchthat,特殊引导词：suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.Itssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.Tosuchandegreewasheexcitedthathecouldntsleeplastnight.6常用引导词：if,unless,特殊引导词：as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposethat,
33、onconditionthatWellstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.7常用引导词：though,although,evenif,eventhough特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while( 一般用在句首 )，nomatter，inspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,whoever,wherev
34、er,whenever,however,whicheverMuchasIrespecthim,Icantagreetohisproposal.YY8670 专八改错 老师王菲15Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatherisrough.Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind.Hewontlistenwhateveryoumaysay.8常用引导词：as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：themorethemore;justas，so;AistoBwhat/asXis
35、toY;nomorethan;notAsomuchasBSheisasbad-temperedashermother.Thehouseisthreetimesasbigasours.Themoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillbe.Foodistomenwhatoilistomachine.9常用引导词：as,asif,how特殊引导词：thewayWheninRome,doastheRomando.Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.Sometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaught
36、us.九 定语从句1 who, whom, thatIs he the man who/that wants to see you?He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.2 whoseThey rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.3 which, thatA prosperity which / that had never been seen before appea
37、rs in the countryside.The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.YY8670 专八改错 老师王菲16十 名词性从句Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.Whatweneedaregooddoctors.（1）连接词: that,whetherThathewillwiniscertain.Whetherhelljoinusinthediscussionisofgreatimporta
38、nce.（2）连接代词: who,what,which,whom,whose,whoever,whatever,whicheverItisclearwhoisafraidofhavingachangeinlandownership.WhatIndianeedsisalawtomakelandownershipfairer.（3） 连接副词: when, where, why,how,how many,how much, howlong, howsoon, howoftenWhenwellstarttomorrowwillbetoldsoon.Wherewecanbuyoxenissomethi
39、ngweneedtofindout.Whyhecamehereisnotknown.Howwecanprotectthegrainfromdampneedstobediscussed.【小结】1. 引导主语从句连词有that, whether,who, what, whatever等。2. 连词位于句首不能省略。3. 主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数, 但在连接代词what引导的主语从句后谓语动词的数要根据句意而定。4 为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it 放在主语位置，真正主语后置。Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.Itistruethathehasm
40、adeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.Itisverylikelythattheywillholdameeting.Itisstrangethatthemanshouldhavestucktohissillyideas.YY8670 专八改错 老师王菲17真题实战练习：Psycho-linguisticsisthenamegiventothestudyofthepsychologicalprocessesinvolvedinlanguage.Psycholinguisticsstudyunderstanding,productionandrememberi
41、nglanguage,andhenceareconcernedwith (1)_listening,reading,speaking,writing,andmemoryforlanguage.Onereasonwhywetakethelanguageforgrantedisthatitusually (2)_happenssoeffortlessly,andmostoftime,soaccurately. (3)_Indeed,whenyoulistentosomeonetospeaking,orlookingatthispage, (4)_younormallycannothelpbutun
42、derstandit.Itisonlyinexceptionalcircumstanceswemight becomeawareofthecomplexity (5)_involved:ifwearesearchingforawordbutcannotrememberit;ifarelativeorcolleaguehashadastrokewhichhasinfluenced (6)_theirlanguage;ifweobserveachildacquirelanguage;if (7)_wetrytolearnasecondlanguageourselvesasanadult;orifw
43、earevisuallyimpairedorhearing-impairedorifwemeetanyoneelsewhois.Asweshallsee,alltheseexamples (8)_ofwhatmightbecalled“languageinexceptionalcircumstances”revealagreatdealabouttheprocessesevolvedinspeaking, (9)_listening,writingandreading.Butgiventhatlanguageprocesseswerenormallysoautomatic,wealsoneedtocarryoutcareful (10)_experimentstogetatwhatishappening.
