1、课时作业(十七 ) 必修 Unit 2 Working the land.阅读理解A2019合肥市质量检测 A seemingly small gesture at a restaurant outside Houston that wasnt part of the job description for a Waffle House waitress has now had a big effect on her life.It happened last weekend, when 18yearold Evoni Williams was serving an elderly man b
2、reakfast. He needed help. So Williams leaned over the table with a fork and a knife and cut up his ham for him. It might have ended there, but a customer named Laura Wolf was struck enough to take a picture and post it online.“I didnt know the photo was taken until a couple of hours later， ” William
3、s told the Houston Chronicle. “When I saw it, its just something I would do for anybody. I was so busy in here, and I actually took the time to stop and hear what he had to say instead of walking past him.”It apparently meant something to others too. As of Sunday, more than 130,000 people had reacte
4、d to the post and nearly 7,000 have shared it. But the story has extended beyond the Internet. Williams, a recent Texas City High School graduate, was honored at a ceremony, Thursday, with a $16,000 scholarship to Texas Southern University. Williams has reportedly been working fulltime at the Waffle
5、 House to earn money toward school. Texas Southern University has assigned a counselor to help her begin her degree and she is planning to study business management.Media at the local, national and international level have all picked up on the story. It is a moment among several in recent years, cap
6、tured in a picture, put online, and capturing the attention of the Internet: like a New York City police officer giving a homeless man a pair of boots, or a restaurant goer whose wife died of cancer anonymously (匿名地) paying for the meal of another cancer patient.体裁：夹叙夹议文 题材：社会生活 主题：餐馆女服务员的善意之举【语篇解读】
7、 餐馆服务员 Evoni Williams 一次善意的行为被顾客 Laura Wolf 拍照并上传到网络，接着引起很多关注并由此得到了奖学金和学业上的帮助。【难句分析】 When I saw it, its just something I would do for anybody.分析：本复合句中 When 引导时间状语从句， I would do for anybody 为定语从句，修饰先行词 something，其中省略了关系代词that。译文：当我看见它的时候，那只是一些我愿意为任何人做的事情。1Why did Laura Wolf take the photo and post it
8、 online?AShe was really into recording some small gestures.BShe wanted to draw attention to the restaurant.CShe was touched by the considerate waitress.D She got paid by the restaurant to do so.答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第二段第四句中的“but a customer named Laura Wolf was struck enough to take a picture and post it
9、online”可知，Laura Wolf 拍照上传网上的原因是那位体贴的服务员的行为感动了她，故选 C 项。2What words can be used to best describe Evoni Williams?AIndependent and caring.BPatient and curious.CKind and generous.D Energetic and lucky.答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。根据第三段的最后两句“When I saw it, its just something I would do for anybody. instead of walking p
10、ast him”和第四段倒数第二句“Williams has reportedly been working fulltime at the Waffle House to earn money toward school”可推知， Evoni Williams 是一个独立且关心他人的人。3Why is a New York City police officer mentioned in the last paragraph?ATo prove the power of the media.BTo advocate helping those in need.CTo show more pe
11、ople tend to use the Internet.D To argue the Internet is the center of attention.答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。根据最后一段的前两句“Media at the local, national and international level have all picked up on the story. It is a moment among several in recent years, captured in a picture, put online, and capturing the attentio
12、n of the Internet”可知，此处意在强调媒体有巨大的作用，后面举的三个例子应是为了说明这一结论，故选 A。4Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AWide web, colorful lifeBSmall gesture, big effectCLittle effort, big rewardD Young mind, great influence答案与解析：B 考查标题判断。根据第一段“A seemingly small gesture at a restaurant outside Houst
13、on that wasnt part of the job description for a Waffle House waitress has now had a big effect on her life”及下文女服务员因一次小的善意之举而获得很多关注并得到大学奖学金和学业上的帮助可推知，这篇文章的主旨是“小举动，大影响” ，故选 B 项。B2019成都第一次诊断 Food blogs, celebrities, and nutritionists all advocate the benefits of eating organic (有机的) fruits and vegetabl
14、es. But a new study published in Science Advances paints a more complex picture. While organic produce is likely slightly healthier to eat and, in some ways, more sustainable to grow, there are also downsides.Organic fruits and vegetables typically cost more than conventional ones. To get a certific
15、ate as organic, farmers must meet specific criteria, including growing produce without the use of genetic engineering and chemical inputs. Without these methods, the growing process typically requires more labor, time, and money, a cost that is passed down to consumers.Its true that in many ways, or
16、ganic farming is more sustainable than conventional farming. But when it comes to environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas output and water loss, the comparison gets complex. Organic farms produce less greenhouse gas output per acre. However, because they are barred from using genetic engineeri
17、ng, pesticides (杀虫剂), and other methods that increase efficiency (效率), organic farms also produce an estimated 19% to 25% less yield than conventional farms. While there isnt a whole lot of research on the topic, the few studies that do exist suggest greenhouse gas output and water loss might actual
18、ly be higher on organic farms, on a per unit basis, says study author Verena Seufert.In addition, while organic produce is likely more nutritious than conventional fruits and vegetables, theres not a lot of evidence to support the claim that these often slight differences influence consumer health.
19、The same is true for the pesticide remainder. In developed countries, where pesticide use is tightly regulated, theres no scientific consensus on how these often slight differences influence human health.Still, Seufert stresses that if you can afford to eat organic produce, you should do so. Organic
20、 farms provide safer work environments for workers, plus they support great biodiversity. The real takeaway from her study is not that organic produce is bad but that the practice needs more studies to increase the yield without lowering sustainability.But if you cant afford to buy organic produce,
21、dont stress too much, particularly from a nutritional perspective.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了有机农产品的一些情况，体现了学科核心素养中的“环保意识、健康饮食意识”的文化品格。【难句分析】 In developed countries, where pesticide use is tightly regulated, theres no scientific consensus on how these often slight differences influence human health.分析：该句为主
22、从复合句。句中 where pesticide use is tightly regulated 为 where 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词developed countries；句中 how these often slight differences influence human health 为 how 引导的宾语从句，作介词 on 的宾语。译文：在发达国家，杀虫剂的使用受到严格管制，在这些常常是细微的差异如何影响人类健康方面，没有科学的共识。5What does the underlined word “downsides” in Paragraph 1 most proba
23、bly mean?ADangers BDrawbacks.CBenefits. DDifferences.答案与解析：B 考查词义猜测和归纳与构建能力。根据第一段最后一句“While organic produce is likely slightly healthier to eat and, in some ways, more sustainable to grow, there are also downsides”可知，虽然有机农产品可能稍微健康些，但在某些方面，也有其缺点。再结合语境和下文陈述的有机农产品的缺点可以判断，画线词应指有机农产品不好的一面，B 项意为“缺点” ，故 B
24、项正确。6Which key factor makes it hard to compare organic farming with conventional farming when it comes to environmental concerns?AThe yield. BThe price.CThe water loss. DThe labor.答案与解析：A 考查细节理解和观察与比较的能力。根据题干关键词“hard to compare”定位至第三段第二句“But when it comes to environmental concerns such as greenhouse
25、 gas output and water loss, the comparison gets complex”，由此可知，当涉及诸如温室气体排放和水资源损失等环境问题时，比较传统农业和有机农业就困难了；根据第三段其他内容可知，虽然有机农业与传统农业相比更可持续，但因为不能使用基因工程技术、杀虫剂及其他提高效率的方法，有机农业的产量相对低，故产量是使得两者之间的比较变得困难的重要因素。A 项意为“产量” ，故 A 项正确。7Which of the following will the author most probably agree with?AFarmers work environm
26、ent should be improved.BOrganic produce should be made more efficiently.CIt isnt wise for consumers to buy organic products.D The pesticide remainder do no harm to peoples health.答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第三段第四句可知，由于禁止使用基因工程技术和杀虫剂等，有机农场的产量估计会比传统农场的产量低 19%至 25%。据此可以判断，应当提高有机农业的生产效率，故 B 项正确。第五段的最后一句亦是提示。8In th
27、e authors opinion, why should we support organic produce?AIts environmentally friendly.BIts more nutritious.CIt helps keep the variety of plants.D Its safer for consumers.答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第五段第二句“Organic farms provide safer work environments for workers, plus they support great biodiversity”可知，有机农场为工
28、人提供更安全的工作环境，而且有机农场有助于保持生物多样性。据此可以判断，我们应当提倡有机农产品的原因之一是能保持生物的多样性，故 C 项正确。.七选五2019陕西省摸底检测 Are Your Clothes Causing Pollution?Very small pieces of plastic, called microfibers, are polluting rivers and oceans. _1_ Clothes worn for outdoor activities and exercise are often made of artificial materials, wh
29、ich are useful in keeping warm. But they contain very small plastic fibers, which may also be harming the environment when you wash them. When people wash these clothes, very small pieces go down the drain (下水道) with the wash water._2_Pollution caused by plastic is not new, but recent studies have s
30、hown the effect of microfibers on the environment. Studies show microfibers are ending up in our waters, which may come from waste water treatment factories. A 2015 study found them in fish from California.Microfibers effect on food suppliesBeyond the waterways, the researchers say microfibers may e
31、nd up in soil and agricultural lands. _3_ This means there is much to be learned about microfibers and the environment.Some studies have shown that microfibers end up inside sea animals, like oysters. _4_ Researchers say that the fibers tend not to move into the tissue of the fish, but it needs more
32、 study.Steps to keep microfibers from the environmentUntil more information becomes known, there are steps to take to reduce the quantity of microfibers in the environment.People should use less of the artificial materials. If we already have those in our lives and were using them, an important step
33、 would be washing them less._5_ A bag is being designed in which you can wash these clothes. The bag traps the microfibers in it and it may be available for purchase soon.ANew technology may also help.BStudies on how many of the microfibers are released.CThe source of these microfibers may surprise
34、you: your Clothes.D Washing machines keep microfibers from escaping with the wash water.EStudies on microfibers in the environment.FThey can also move around the atmosphere.GSo if microfibers have been found in fish and seafood, are they safe to eat?【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微纤维的来源、微纤维对环境以及食物供应的影响和减少微纤
35、维进入环境的措施。1答案与解析：C 由文章标题“Are Your Clothes Causing Pollution？ ”可知，本文与衣服导致污染有关，并结合下文可知，造成污染的微纤维来自有些用人工材料制成的衣服，故 C 项符合语境。2答案与解析：E 根据文章结构可知，空处为该部分小标题。空后的段落主要讲的是微纤维对环境的影响，故 E 项符合语境。3答案与解析：F 结合空前一句中的 “the waterways”和“in soil and agricultural lands”可知，研究人员认为微纤维可能扩散到水道、土壤和农田中，故 F 项“它也能在大气中移动 ”符合语境。4答案与解析：G 空
36、前一句中的 “sea animals, like oysters”与 G 项中的“fish and seafood”相呼应，故 G 项符合语境。5答案与解析：A 空后一句中的 “A bag is being designed”正是 A 项中的“New technology”，故 A 项符合语境。.语法填空2019惠州市调研Longjing tea, _1_ has topped the list of the ten most famous teas in China with its color, taste and shape, _2_ (name) after its productio
37、n region Longjing Village of West Lake. The good environment and water resources have contributed much to the _3_ (grow) of the tea, confirming the saying that “Longjing tea is the _4_ (good) among all of the teas in the world”Thanks _5_ the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty, the tea has earned a
38、 high reputation. The story went that the Qianlong Emperor visited a mountain during his Hangzhou travels, and he saw some ladies picking the tea at _6_ foot of the mountain. He was so interested in their movements that he decided to have a go himself.While _7_ (pick) the tea, he received the news o
39、f his mothers illness, so he carelessly put the leaves in his right sleeve and _8_ (leave) Hangzhou for Beijing. He visited his mother _9_ (immediate) upon his arrival in Beijing, and his mother smelt the fragrance of the tea leaves from his right sleeve and wanted to have a taste. After drinking a
40、cup of tea, she found herself completely _10_ (refresh), and she even praised it as a cure for all illnesses. From then on, it was listed as the tribute tea.体裁：说明文 题材：文化 主题：龙井茶【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了西湖龙井茶盛名的由来。1答案与解析：which 考查关系词。句意：龙井茶因为其色泽、味道和外形而居于中国十大名茶之首，它以其生产地区 西湖龙井村而命名。根据句意并分析句子结构可知此处为非限制性定语从句，且从
41、句中缺少主语，先行词为表示物的“Longjing tea”，所以用 which 引导该定语从句。2答案与解析：is named 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处主语 Longjing tea 与动词 name 之间为被动关系且叙述一般的情况，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。3答案与解析：growth 考查词性转换。良好的环境和水资源对茶的生长贡献良多。根据空前的定冠词和空后的“of the tea”可知此处用名词 growth。4答案与解析：best 考查形容词最高级。龙井茶是世界上所有茶叶中最好的。根据语境可知此处用形容词的最高级，且由空前为定冠词 the 及空后的“among al
42、l of the teas in the world”也可知应用形容词最高级。5答案与解析：to 考查固定搭配。thanks to 意为“幸亏，由于” ，为固定搭配。6答案与解析：the 考查冠词。他看见一些女士在山脚下采茶叶。此处 at the foot of the mountain 意为“在山脚下” ，为固定用法。7答案与解析：picking 考查非谓语动词。句意：在采茶叶的时候，他收到了他的母亲生病的消息，所以他漫不经心地把茶叶放到他右边的袖子里，离开杭州去北京。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处为分词作状语，动词 pick 与其逻辑主语 he 之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词。8答案与解析：left 考查动词的时态。句意参见上题。本段叙述的是发生在过去的事，所以用一般过去时，且 and 前的 put 也是提示。9答案与解析：immediately 考查词性转换。他一到北京，就立即去拜见母亲。此处修饰动词 visited 应用副词。10答案与解析：refreshed 考查形容词。喝了一杯茶后，她发现自己完全恢复了精神。find oneselfadj.意为“发现某人自己” ，此处用形容词作宾语补足语。
