1、单元质量检测(一)(时间：100 分钟 满分：120 分).阅读理解(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThe Verizon Innovative App Challenge gives kids a chance to create apps (计算机应用程序) that can solve problems in their community.Do you want to make a difference in your community? The Verizon Innovative App
2、 Challenge can get you started. The first step is to think of a problem in your community. The next step is to create an app that can solve the problem.Groups of five to seven students in middle school or high school, led by a teacher, can enter the contest. First, teams compete on a local level. Te
3、ams that make it to the next round receive D|S5,000 for their schools.Finalists present their app ideas to judges in a live webinar (网络研讨会)Next, the judges pick national winners.The top eight teams receive an additional D|S15,000 for their schools, and each team member receives a Samsung tablet. Plu
4、s, the winning teams get the chance to bring their app to life.A group of six girls from Los Fresnos, Texas, won the second annual Verizon Innovative App Challenge. They came up with the Hello Navi app concept, short for “hello navigation”. The app was designed to help visuallyimpaired students navi
5、gate their school by using an internal compass and voiceover technology. Read more about the team in September 19, 2014 issue of TIME For Kids: Edition 34.Do you have an app idea that could help solve a local issue? The deadline to register is November 24, 2018.Find more information and register you
6、r team at www.verizonfoundation. org/appchallenge.Here are some tips from the Verizon Foundation to get you started：Get your team together for a brainstorming meeting.Write out all the ideas that come to mind.Dont ignore challenges.Think of the problems that exist in your community.Ask family, frien
7、ds, and people in your community to share their thoughts about problems that they want to see solved. 语篇解读：Verizon Innovative App Challenge 大赛旨在鼓励学生学以致用，研发计算机应用程序来解决社区存在的问题。1The Verizon Innovative App Challenge was launched to _.Alet students create apps to solve problemsBcall on students to put the
8、ir ideas into practiceCinspire students to focus on social problemsDencourage students to cooperate with teachers解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第一段可知， Verizon Innovative App Challenge 的目的是让学生研发计算机应用程序，以解决所在社区存在的问题。2In which order should one follow to enter the Verizon Innovative App Challenge?You think of a problem
9、 in your community.Your team compete against others in your city.You invent an app with your partners and teachers.Winning teams can compete to become national winners.A BC D解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第二、三、四段的内容可知，参加这个比赛的第一步是发现所在社区存在的问题；第二步是和同学及老师一起发明一个能解决这个问题的应用程序；第三步是在当地竞赛；第四步是初赛的获胜者进入决赛争夺全国的冠军。故顺序为。3What doe
10、s the 5th paragraph mainly talk about?AThe winning team and their app of the second Verizon Innovative App Challenge.BAn app designed to help the disabled to work on the computer.CAn app concept that navigates blind students to explore nature.DSix girls from Los Fresnos, Texas who signed up for the
11、contest.解析：选 A 段落大意题。第五段介绍了第二届 Verizon Innovative App Challenge 大赛的获奖者和她们的获胜作品。4Whats the purpose of the passage?ATo tell readers how to solve a local issue.BTo invite kids to join in the Verizon Innovative App challenge.CTo offer readers information about a talent show.DTo appeal to adults to make
12、contributions to society.解析：选 B 写作意图题。本文介绍了 Verizon Innovative App Challenge 大赛的目的、如何报名参加、比赛的主要流程等内容。因此这篇文章的目的是呼吁青少年参加这个比赛。BDaily Telegraph: An enormous number of sardines (沙丁鱼) have been photographed as they swam in the formation of a dolphin (海豚). Steve De Neef photographed the fish near Cebu in t
13、he Philippines grouping together to protect themselves from larger animals. He said: “ Getting the picture of the dolphin shape was just about being in the right spot at the right time, but it would be to their benefit if they could imitate (模仿) a larger animal.”Daily Mail: Black garlic a sweet vari
14、ety of the popular cooking ingredient that doesnt leave you with bad breath is getting ready to hit the UK supermarket shelves.Black garlic tastes much sweeter than traditional garlic and enjoys twice the amount of antioxidants (抗氧化剂) and can last twice as long on the shelf.BBC: Researchers in the U
15、nited States have developed the first wirelessly controlled device (装置) that can supply a drug directly into the body.A small chip is implanted under the skin. It contains the medicine, which it releases at programmed times. The developers say the device could improve the lives of millions of people
16、 who take medicine for longterm illnesses and may one day free patients from having to remember to take their medicine, or give themselves injections.VOA: Global warming could make humans shorter, warn scientists who claim to have found evidence that it caused the worlds first horses to shrink nearl
17、y 50 million years ago.As temperatures went up their size went down, and vice versa (反之亦然); at one point they were as small as a house cat. The scientists say that the current warming could have the same effect on mammals, and even humans.语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道，由四个独立的小新闻组成，分别是：一幅沙丁鱼以海豚的形状出现的照片；黑大蒜的上市；可以帮助人服
18、药的无线装置的发明；全球变暖可能会使人变得更矮。5What information can we obtain from Steve De Neefs words?AThe sardines swim together to protect themselves from dolphins.BThe sardines will be in safety when meeting a larger animal.CHe took this rare picture of sardines probably by accident.DIts easy to get the picture of t
19、he dolphin shape.解析：选 C 推理判断题。根据第一段 Steve 所说的话可知他拍到这幅照片是一次偶然。故选 C 项。6In comparison with traditional garlic, black garlic _.Awill leave you much stronger breathBis more popular in the UK supermarketCcan be kept fresh for a much longer timeDcontains the same amount of antioxidants解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句
20、可知黑大蒜尝起来比传统大蒜更甜，而且拥有两倍的抗氧化剂，保存时间长达两倍。7Who will probably find the wirelessly controlled device most useful?AJanet who is suffering a bad cold.BSophia who has had an operation.CWinfred who has been ill for long.DLynette who has a poor memory.解析：选 C 推理判断题。根据第三段第四句可知研发人员说这种装置能够让那些需要长期服用药物的人延长生命。8The und
21、erlined word “shrink” in Paragraph 4 probably means “_”Abecome smaller Bbecome weakerCgrow bigger Dgrow stronger解析：选 A 词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句可知随着气温升高，他们的个头就变小了。故选 A 项。CDespite all the talk about encouraging girls in math and science, many teachers still keep unconscious biases (偏爱)that discourage girls from
22、 going into these fields, a new study suggests.“Our results suggest that teachers are discouraging girls and encouraging boys to get to a higher level of math and science. So theres a gender gap (分歧 ) in the teachers understanding of their students， ”said the studys lead author, Edith Sand, an instr
23、uctor at the TelAviv Universitys Berglas School of Economics.Sand compared the results of tests scored by teachers who knew the children and their names, to those graded by outside scorers who werent told anything about the identity of the test takers. She found that when teachers knew the childrens
24、 names and identities, they graded the girls lower in math than the outside graders, while scoring the boys higher. The researchers checked to see if the same kind of bias was happening in other school subjects it wasnt.The researchers followed the children all the way through high school. They foun
25、d that girls who had been downgraded in elementary school were less likely to sign up for advanced math and science courses in high school. “I am sure they are completely unaware of the bias.” Sand said.This isnt the first study to show that girls interest in math tends to drop off as they get older
26、, but it may well be the first showing that teacher bias could be part of the problem, said Patrick Tolan, a professor at the Curry School of Education at the University of Virginia.“Early experience becomes fixed in girls minds， ” Tolan said. “They tend to follow the first reactions (反应) from their
27、 teachers: what they are good at and what is appropriate for a girl or a boy to do.” Tolan believes the solution is to educate teachers about their unconscious biases against girls. Besides, parents can be sure to raise their little girls selfconfidence, making sure they understand that they can suc
28、ceed in any subject, Tolan says.语篇解读：本文是说明文。研究发现，老师对男生的偏爱会激发他们学习数学的兴趣，而对女生学数学的兴趣却造成一定的打击。9What can we learn from the test carried out by Sand?ABoys performed better than girls in math.BTeachers graded students they know higher.CMany subjects were affected by teacher bias.DGender bias actually existe
29、d among teachers.解析：选 D 推理判断题。由第三段中的 “She found that when teachers knew the childrens names and identities, they graded the girls lower in math than the outside graders, while scoring the boys higher”可知， Sand 通过实验证明了“老师偏爱 ”的存在。10What can we infer from Paragraph 4?AGirls are more sensitive to the bia
30、s.BThe biased grading has a longterm effect on girls.CGirls interest in math tends to drop off as they get older.DAdvanced math and science courses are too difficult for girls.解析：选 B 推理判断题。分析第四段中的 “girls who had been downgraded in elementary school were less likely to sign up for advanced math and s
31、cience courses in high school”可知，研究者通过长期跟踪学生发现，老师的偏爱对女生造成的影响是长期的。11What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to?AThe boys. BThe teachers.CThe girls. DThe researchers.解析：选 C 代词指代题。由画线词之前描述的女生的做法可知，老师的偏爱影响了女生，而她们对此往往意识不到。12What would be the best title for the text?ATeacher bias may dis
32、courage girls from mathBParents have a say in girls confidence in mathCGirls are likely to follow their teachers adviceDMath and mathrelated fields are not suitable for girls解析：选 A 标题归纳题。综合全文，尤其是倒数第二段可知，本文主要说明，老师对男生在数学方面的偏爱可能是影响女生在学习数学方面的自信和兴趣的原因之一。DSome researchers believe that the mobile phone mak
33、es youngsters less thoughtful and makes it easier for them to make mistakes in life. Hitting a few keys and then seeing the desired word appear in full trains children to be fast but inaccurate when they do other things, according to scientists. They warn that this could have a negative impact on a
34、whole generation.ChildWise, a market research firm specializing in childrens products, found that one in four undereights had a mobile. The total of 4.5 million youngsters with mobiles included 58 percent of 9 to 10yearolds, 89 percent of 11 to 12yearolds, 93 percent of 13 to 14yearolds and 95 perce
35、nt of 15 to 16yearolds.Experts are also concerned about the possible impact of mobile phone radiation on developing brains. But Michael Abramson, a professor at Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, says the amount of radiation transmitted during text messaging is a mere 0.03 percent of that tran
36、smitted during voice calls suggesting radiation is not to blame for the brain effects.In a recent study, Prof Abramson analyzed the mobile phone use of children aged between 11 and 14 and their ability to carry out a number of computer tests. He found that increased mobile phone use appears to chang
37、e the way their brains work. He said, “The kids who used their phones a lot were faster on some of the tests, but were less accurate. We suppose that using mobile phones a lot, particularly tools like predictive texts for SMS, is training them to be fast but inaccurate. The use of mobile phones is c
38、hanging the way children learn and pushing them to become more impulsive in the way they behave without thinking things through.”The findings follow other research that suggested that text messaging encourages childrens language skills and does not damage the ability to spell.语 篇 解 读 ：经 研 究 发 现 ，青 少
39、 年 经 常 使 用 手 机 会 对 他 们 的 大 脑 产 生 一 定 的 影 响 。13It can be concluded from the ChildWises research that _.Athe older the child is, the greater chance he has a mobile phoneBchildren under eight are too young to use mobile phonesCchildren aged between 1114 were not involved in the researchD4.5 million peo
40、ple have a mobile phone in Australia解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据第二段中 ChildWise 调查公司的一系列调查结果可以看出：随着年龄的增长，青少年有手机的比率在逐渐升高。14Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?AProf Abramson thinks mobile phones have little effect on children.BTheres less radiation transmitted during text messaging t
41、han during voice calls.CText messaging trains children to be fast and accurate.DText messaging may damage childrens ability to spell.解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第三段 “the amount of radiation transmitted during text messaging is a mere 0.03 percent of that transmitted during voice calls”可知，发短信时的辐射是打电话时辐射的 0.03%。15
42、What does the underlined word “impulsive” in the fourth paragraph mean?AEncouraging someone to do something.BForcing someone to accept a way of life.CDoing things without considering the effects they may have.DDoing things with careful planning and consideration.解析：选 C 词义猜测题。根据第四段 “training them to
43、be fast but inaccurate”和“without thinking things through”可知，发短信使得孩子们变得更快但不准确，他们的行为变得冲动，不考虑后果。.阅读七选五(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Effective Ways to Be Successful at EventsThe holiday season is upon us, and Im frequently asked for my event success tips.Well, it all b
44、egins with taking care of ones own spirit and keeping a positive attitude.The following are practical things that anyone can do._16_Greet everyone and wish them well. _17_ Youre a team, for youre all present in that location together, for the whole process of the event.So open up and join the team f
45、rom the beginning.Shine your own light.Never mind what or how others are doing._18_ Put away the iPhone, iPad etc. and be present with your own light so that it shines purely._19_ Express thanks for the weather, the furniture, the other people attending the event, and the opportunity to be there.Exp
46、ress thanks to those who spare time to talk with you.Of course if its a big event, you wont get to everyone, but include those near you.Keep a sense of happiness throughout the event. People attending events tend to be attracted by happy souls.Your sense of happiness will positively influence those
47、around.So I always keep my sense of humor while at events._20_If you do these small things regularly during events, Im sure you will enjoy yourself and become a star.AGive thanks throughout the event.BMake eye contact and start conversations.CYou should be polite when attending events.DIt can make p
48、eople laugh and spread happiness.EFollow them and increase your success at events.FBe yourself, offer what you can offer, and stay focused.GConcentrating on what isnt there will not improve conditions.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了一些能够帮助我们游刃有余地参加社交活动的实用技巧。16解析：选 E 本空上一句说将介绍一些人人都可以做到的事情帮助我们游刃有余地参加社交活动，E 项(按照这些来做就
49、能使参加活动更有成效) 紧承上文，其中的 them 指的就是上一句提到的“practical things”。17解析：选 B 根据本段中的 “Greet, wish, open up”等可知，本段建议敞开心扉跟他人交流，故 B 项(进行眼神交流，发起谈话)符合此处语境。18解析：选 F 本空上一句提到不要在意别人在做什么、怎么做，也就是说“做自己”就好。另外 F 项中的“stay focused”与本空后的“Put away the iPhone, iPad etc.”相呼应。19解析：选 A 根据本段中的 “Express thanks for .” “Express thanks to .”可知，本段给出的建议是“表达谢意” 。20解析：选 D 本空上一句提到作者总是在参加活动时保持幽默感，因为“它能让人们大笑并传递快乐” 。D 项
