1、1英国文学史资料 British Writers and WorksI. Old English Literature Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II； Henry VIIIFour Comedies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之梦; 威尼斯商人Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗 ; 李尔王; 麦克白Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 li
2、nes, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.III The 17th Century1. John Milton 约翰弥尔顿 16081674（诗人、政论家;失明后写 失乐园 、 复乐园 、 力士参孙 。 ）Epics: 失乐园 复乐园Dramatic poem: 力士参孙4 论出版自由为英国人民声辩 我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian
3、sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.2. John Bunyan 约翰 班扬 16281688（代表作天路历程 ，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书” ，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的神曲 、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。 ）Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)Religionary Allegory:天路历程3. John Donne the Metaphysica
4、l poet(玄学派诗人).Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poets beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）Artistic features:1. conceits or imagery 奇思妙喻2. syllogism 三段论 Meditations 沉思录The Fle
5、a 虱子 Songs And SonnetsHoly SonnetsValediction:IV The 18th Century：Enlightenment 同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架，并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起，与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感 ) and accuracyThe Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement wa
6、s a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey1. William Wordsworth 威廉华兹华斯 17701850（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派” 诗人。 The Lake Poets） 抒情歌谣集 (with Samuel Taylor Coleridge) Theme:1.Nature
7、embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge fullof peace”2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of
8、 nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poets philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts. Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey The Solitary Reaper 孤独的割麦女 序曲2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔 泰勒科尔律治 17721834The Lake Poets 古舟子颂 柯里斯塔贝尔 忽必烈汗Artistic f
9、eatures: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory 半夜冰霜 忧郁颂 抒情歌谣集 (with William Wordsworth)3. George Gordon Byron 乔治 戈登拜伦 17881824（拜伦式英雄 Byronic heroes 孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。9内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄 ”。 ）“Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble or
10、igin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles. 唐 璜恰尔德哈罗德尔游记该隐 当初我们俩分别 4. Persy Bysshe Shelley 波西比希 雪莱 17921822 Poetic Drama： 解放了的普罗米修斯Theme: the drama celebraies mans victory over tyranny and oppression 麦布女王伊斯兰的反叛钦契一家诗辩无神论的必要性 Lyrics: 西风颂Theme: The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boun
11、dless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, imply
12、ing not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelleys “Ode to the West Wind“ is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba b
13、cb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.Artistic features:Using rerza rima(三行诗 aba bcb cdc ded efe )致云雀5. John Keats 约翰济慈 17951821 (“美即是真，真即是美” 是他的著名诗句。 ) Four great odes: 希腊古瓮颂夜莺颂10心灵颂忧郁颂 秋颂Theme: The t
14、heme of John Keats poem, “To Autumn“, is that change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that th
15、is change usually yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poems three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.6. Jane Austen 简奥斯丁 17751817She compared her works to a fine engra
16、ving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire. 理智与感情傲慢与偏见(chapter I)【Elizabeth Bennet novels of character and environment） Novels 德伯家的苔丝Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration 无名的裘德 绿荫下 远离尘嚣 卡斯特桥市长 还乡 PoemsWessex Poems And Other VersesPoems Of The Past And PresentThe Dyn
17、asts 列国VII 19001950 The 20th Century14Playwrights Oscar Wilde George Bernard Shaw1. Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡 王尔德 18561900 （The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Arts Sake） 4 Comedies:认真的重要 温德米尔夫人的扇子 一个无足轻重的女人理想的丈夫 Novel:多利安 格雷的画像 Fairy Stories:快乐王子故事集2. George Bernard Shaw 乔治 伯纳萧 18561950(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critical r
18、ealistic dramatist Plays Plays Unpleasant 华伦夫人的职业鳏夫的房产 Plays Pleasant 武器与人左右命运的人Plays 人与超人匹格玛利翁苹果车圣女贞德Novelists (Realists)1. Joseph Concrad吉姆爷黑暗的心1.Why the books title is Heart of Darkness?The story happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the color of peoples skin in there is black. Most importa
19、nt point about the title is to the evil in humans heart.2.What is the symbolism of black and white15【Black / dark- 】death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilizedMiddle Ages, when science and knowledge was suppressed, as the Dark Ages.According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all w
20、as dark and God created light.According to Heart of Darkness, before the Romans came, England was dark. In the same way, Africa was considered to be in the “dark stage”.【White / light】life, goodness, enlightenment, civilized, religion.Yet, in Concrad, the usual pattern is reverse and darkness means
21、truth(The truth within, therefore dark and obscure.), whiteness means falsehood. This contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the Congo. The contrast also suggests a psychological truth about Marlow and the Europeans mind. White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral truths. The
22、trade in ivory is white and dirty.Kurtz the white man is totally corrupt3.CommentThe book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards. The law acts as a buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies.Civilization,
23、however, must be learned. London itself, in the book a symbol of enlightenment, was once “one of the darker places of the earth“ before the Romans forced civilization upon the Britons.But civilized society does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which lurk in the background.This savagery is s
24、een in Kurtz. Marlow meets Kurtz and he finds a man that has totally thrown off the restraint of civilization and has de-evolved into a primitive state.4.Character【Kurtz】 represents what every man will become if left to his own intrinsic desires without a protective, civilized environment. 【Marlow】
25、represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn back into savagery by a dark, alienating jungle.5.Narrative StructureIn Heart of Darkness, we have an outside narrator telling us a story he has heard from Marlow. The story Marlow tells centers around Kurtz.However, most of what Marlow knows abo
26、ut Kurtz, he has learned from others.They have good reason for not being truthful to 16Marlow. Therefore Marlow has to piece together much of Kurtzs story.2. William Somerset Maugham人性的枷锁3. Edward Morgan Foster (E.M.Foster)印度之行霍华兹别墅 Modernists 3 Novelists James Joyce David Herbert Lawrence Virgirnia
27、 Woolf1. David Herbert Lawrence 戴维赫伯特劳伦斯 18851930 儿子与情人(autobiographical)【Mrs. Morel】, daughter of a middle-class family, is “a woman of character and refinement“, a strong-willed, intelligent and ambitious woman who is fascinated by a warm, vigorous and sensuous coal miner, Walter Morel, and marrie
28、d beneath her own class.Then, she was desponded at her husband and put her love to her sons. She hopes that they will become outstanding【Paul Morel】depends heavily on his mothers love and help to make sense of the world around him. He struggle to free from his mothers influence, but he failed. After
29、 his mother has died and he is left alone, in despair.Theme:Lawrence was one of the first novelists to introduce themes of psychology into his works. He believed that the healthy way of the individuals psychological development lay in the primacy of the life implulse, or in another term, the sexual
30、impulse.huaman sexuality was, to Lawrence, a symbol of life force.by presenting the psychological experience of indivudual human life and of human relationships, Lawrence has opened up a wide new territory to the novel Oedipus Complex is a thematic feature of D. H. Lawrences Sons and Lovers17虹 恋爱中的女
31、人 查特莱夫人的情人2. James Joyce 詹姆斯乔伊斯 18821941（爱尔兰小说家，意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness尤利西斯(S_O_C)一个青年艺术家的肖像芬尼根的苏醒都柏林人3. Virginia Woolf 弗吉尼娅沃尔芙 18821941（意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness Novels 达洛维夫人到灯塔去浪雅各布的房间奥兰朵幕间 2 Poets W. B. Yeats (William Butler Yeats ) T.S. Eliot ( Thomas Sterns Eliot )1.William Butler Yeats 威廉勃特勒叶茨 18651939（爱尔兰诗人，剧作家； The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动；The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴； The Irish Literary Theater, or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团） collections 苇风责任 塔旋转的楼梯 Poems 复活节，1916第二次来临/再世 18到拜占庭航行2. Thomas Sterns Eliot（诗人，剧作家，批评家） Poems 四个四重奏 Plays 大教堂谋杀案
