1、1.abstract art : 抽象派艺术艺术 ? ArtA nonrepresentational style that emphasizes formal values over the representation of subject matter.强调形式至上，忽视内容的一种非写实主义绘画风格Kandinsky produced abstract art characterized by imagery that had a musical quality.康定斯创作的抽象派作品有一种音乐美。2.abstract expressionism : 抽象表现派；抽象表现主义A nonr
2、epresentational style that emphasizes emotion, strong color, and giving primacy to the act of painting.把绘画本身作为目的，以表达情感和浓抹重涂为特点的非写实主义风格。Abstract expressionism was at its peak in the 1940s and 1950s.20 世纪四五十年代是抽象表现艺术发展的顶峰时期。3.action painting : 动作画派A term used to describe aggressive methods of applying
3、 paint.指使画布产生强烈动作效果的绘画风格。Action painting often looks childish to the non-artist because of the techniques used to apply paint, such as throwing it on the canvas.在外行看来，动作派的作品通常是幼稚的，这主要是因为画家采用的作画方法，比如将颜料泼洒在画布上。4.airbrush : 喷枪；气笔A nozzled tube used to apply paint in a spray form.一种将颜料喷成雾状的喷嘴管。The famou
4、s sexy robots in Japan are produced using an airbrush.那些性感的日本机器人就是用喷枪绘制成的。5.art deco ：装饰派艺术A style dominant in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by repetitive, ornamental, and highly finished curvilinear and geometric designs, esp. in synthetic materials such as plastics.盛行于 20 世纪二、三十年代的装饰艺术和建筑艺术风格
5、，以重复的、装饰精美的曲线和几何图案为特点国，多采 用塑料等合成材料。Mary attended high school in a building that was famous for art deco style of architecture. Mary 就读的中学以其装饰派建筑而闻名。6.art nouveau ：新艺术A decorative style in which fluid, biomorphic lines and swirling motifs were emphasized.以曲折有致的天然生物形态为特色的装饰性风格。Beardsley prints produce
6、d in the late 19th century are a good example of the style of art nouveau.19 世纪末比乐兹利的作品是新艺术的典范。7.avent-garde : 先锋派Innovative art in advance of popular ideas and images, characterized by unorthodox and experimental method.不拘于现有的创作定式，勇于创新超前思维的艺术形式。 The avant-garde home of the famous actress sold for m
7、illions. 那位影星的先锋派住宅卖出了几百万美元的好价钱。8.Baroque ：巴罗克风格An emotional, dramatic style of the 16th-18th century, anticlassical in form and spirit. 流行于 16 至 18 世纪，以情感强烈、铺张浮华为特点的反古典主义的艺术风格。 Status and architecture from the Baroque have a dark, muscular, looming quality about them. 巴罗克风格的雕塑和建筑雄伟、高大、格调阴暗。9.batik
8、：蜡防印花Painting on wax-treated cloth.在蜡布上作的画。Susan learned about batik in college.苏珊在读大学时学过蜡防印花。10.Bauhaus ：包豪斯建筑风格A design school that promoted functional and geometric elements in design.指包豪斯造型学院倡导的强调实用和几何学要素的建筑风格。Bauhaus school of design in Germany changed the way that the world thought about desig
9、n.德国的包豪斯造型学院倡导的艺术改变了世人的既定设计思维模式。a11.Byzantine ：拜占庭艺术风格的（adj.） A term used to describe a style of art with strong religious content.艺术风格突出强烈宗教色彩的。The Byzantine era extended from the 13th century and went into the 16th century and was characterized by art with religious influence.拜占庭式艺术始于 13 世纪，一直延续到
10、16 世纪，其主要特点是浓郁的宗教气息。12.calligraphy 书法艺术Handwriting or penmanship, esp. elegant or “beautiful” writing as a decorative art.书写的艺术，特别是优雅漂亮可作装饰的笔迹。Calligraphy has practically become a lost art in todays computerized society.在今天的电脑时代，书法艺术差不多要消亡了。13.cartoon 草图，底图A full-size, preliminary painting or sketch
11、 for a completed work.一部完整艺术作品的雏形。Leonardo da Vincis cartoon of the Virgin Mary and Saint Anne hangs in the British National Gallery.达?芬奇的圣母马丽亚和圣安妮画像的草图现存于英国国家美术馆。14.ceramics(1)The art of making objects such as pottery or clay.(2)The objects themselves.陶器制作艺术；陶器制品。Savannah enjoys making ceramic pott
12、ery.萨文喜欢做陶器。15.collage ：拼贴艺术A composition of found objects, newspaper, and cloth over other material on a single surface.把拣得的报纸、碎布等在画面上粘贴成画。We used to make computer collages when I was in college by first pasting various items together and then using a video camera to transmit the image onto a compu
13、ter screen. 我们在大学时曾用电脑制作拼贴画。其步骤是：首先，将各种材料粘在一起，然后用摄像机将图像传送到电脑上。position ：艺术作品Aesthetically pleasing, harmonious, and effective arrangement of parts to form a whole.各部分和谐生动、符合美学规律的作品。Matisse used color and shapes and worked back and forth until he felt he had achieved a balanced composition.马蒂斯反复调试色彩、
14、构思图案，终于画了一幅布局和谐的作品。puter art 计算机艺术Electronically produced images displayed on video screen.在屏幕上显示运用电子手段设计图像的艺术。Computer art become popular in the 1980s when computers started to become more available to the public.当 80 年代个人电脑开始普及之后，计算机艺术也流行起来。18.cubism ：立方主义；立体派A style of art that departs from tradi
15、tional reality, and emphasizes multifaceted, simultaneous views of subject and distorted perspectives.(early 20th century)20 世纪初出现的一个艺术流派。它抛弃传统现实，强调艺术作品的形体结构，即同时性、多角度性及扭曲的视角。 Pablo Picasso played a principal role in the early movement of cubism. 帕勃洛 ?毕加索在立体派早期发展中起首重要的推动作用19.Dada ：达达主义A style (1915-1
16、925) with antirational approach and nihilistic, absurdist, and incongruous themes.流行于 1915 年至 1925 年间的艺术流派，其特点是反理性的创作手法和虚无、荒诞。矛盾的主题。 Dadaism asked “what is art?” and used humor and shock value as communicative elements. 达达主义设问“什么是艺术？”并用幽默和让人震惊的色彩对比手法作答。20.drawing ：素描A picture, design, or sketch done
17、 with lines in pen or pencil.用钢笔或铅笔勾勒出的图画、图案或写生图。The drawings of Michelangelo were recently exhibited in New York.米开朗基罗的素描最近在纽约展出。21.expressionism ：表现主义An early 20th-century style emphasizing emotional expression, strong color and composition, and a distorted, theatrical treatment of image.20 世纪的一种艺
18、术风格，强调情绪的表现，以浓重的色彩、鲜明的构图，扭曲、夸张的形象处理为特点。 Professor Bryer will be giving a lecture on expressionism tonight. 今晚布莱恩教授有一个关于表现主义的讲座。22.fresco ：温壁画技法；湿壁画A technique of painting directly on a wet, plaster surface.在潮湿的石膏表面上直接作画。We all marveled at the beauty of the 17th century fresco.23.funk art ：非理性艺术；恶臭艺术
19、A combination of painting and sculpture, deliberately messing and rough, often humorously depicting provocative subjects.(U.S., mid-20th century)20 世纪中期出现在美国的一种艺术流派。故意杂乱无章、不加修饰的绘画与雕塑的融合。多以幽默的方式描绘刺 激性的场面。Jeson has been collecting funk art since the mid 1960s.杰森从 20 世纪 60 年代中期就开始收集非理性艺术作品。24.futurism
20、：未来主义A style glorifying modern technology, speed, and the machine age. ( Italy, early 20th century )颂扬现代技术、速度和机器时代的创作风格。起源于 20 世纪初的意大利。Art from the era of futurism can be identified by a combination of machine elements, cubism, and motion.未来主义时期艺术的突出特点是机器法则、立方主义与运动机械的组合。25.genre ：风俗画A realistic depi
21、ction of scenes from everyday domestic life.日常家居生活的写实画。Who is your favorite genre painter?你最喜欢的风俗画家是谁？26.Gothic ：哥特风格A style that emphasizes Christian imagery, brilliant color, and strong verticality in composition. ( 12th 51.pop art ：波普艺术A style-making use of images from popular culture and commerc
22、e, often reproduced exactly. (mid-20th century)把精确复制大众文化和商业中的形象作为一种艺术创作。起源于 20 世纪中期。Roy Litchenstein, who helped start the movement in the 1950s, continues to rule the king of pop art into the 90s.早在 50 年代，罗耶?列克敦斯坦就参与发起波普艺术运动，直到 90 年代他依然是波普艺术的顶尖人物。52.primitivism ：原始风格A style with an unsophisticated,
23、 pretechnological, simple approach to form and content.形式处理和内容表现力求简洁，避免复杂化或工艺手段的创作风格。The famous series of “cut-outs” by Henri Matisse are a good example of primitivism.亨利?马蒂斯著名的割断系列作品是原始主义流派的代表作之一。53.realism ：现实主义风格Art that depicts reality as it appears.以写实的手法描绘现实。I am in awe when I view realism suc
24、h as the landscapes painted by 17th century Dutch artist Jan Vemeeer.欣赏着 17 世纪荷兰画家杨?弗美尔的风景画，我被其中的现实主义风格所震撼。54.Renaissance ：文艺复兴时期风格的；文艺复兴(adj.)Art that is classical in form and content. (n.) revival of aesthetics of classical antiquity. (14th 101.cost cutting ：削减成本A reactive measure taken by compani
25、es esp. in hard times, in order to save money by eliminating waste or unnecessary spending.公司采取的应付措施，特别是在困难时期，通过减少浪费和不必要的开支来节省资金。Companies in the 90s have been implementing a lot of cost cutting in order to become more efficient and competitive.为了提高效率和竞争力，许多公司在 90 年代一直在实施削减成本的各种措施。102.cost of living
26、 ：生活费用The average cost for the basic necessities of life支付基本生活必需品的平均花费。Many employees expect a yearly cost of living increase in their paychecks.很多雇员希望其工资的生活费用部分每年都有增长。103.creeping inflation ：轻度通货膨胀The barely noticeable but persistent increase in prices.物价不断上涨，但因涨幅很小而不为人注意。Creeping inflation continu
27、es to spread throughout the economy in the 1990s.90 年代轻度通货膨胀一直波及经济生活104.decline ：萎缩，下降A period of reduced business activity.经营活动下降的时期。College students are not happy about the decline of job opportunities waiting for them when they graduate.大学生们对其毕业后就业机会的减少感到忧心忡忡。105.deficit ：赤字A budget imbalance in
28、which expenditures exceed income.支出超过收入的预算失衡Our company ran a deficit for the first three years before we started to make any profit.我们公司在开始赢利前的头三年中都是亏损经营。106.deflation ：通货紧缩A decrease in the money supply, causing a sharp fall in prices.货币供应的减少，导致物价的急剧下降。 Consumers are always motivated by deflation.
29、 通货紧缩往往能刺激消费者的购买欲。107.demand ：需求The desire and ability of consumers to purchase goods and services.消费者购买商品和服务的能力。Marketers and advertisers are always looking for new ways to create demand for their clients products.营销商和广告商总是在寻找新的途径以创造其客户对产品的需求。108.depression ：萧条A severe, extended period of decline i
30、n business activity.商业活动严重减少并且长时间没有好转。Many older Americans remember the great depression of the 1930s.许多上了年纪的美国人对三十年代的大萧条仍记忆犹新。109.deregulation ：撤消管制A gradual removal of government control over business.政府逐步撤消对经营活动的控制。Most business and industries approve of deregulation from government control.大多数公司
31、和产业赞成政府撤消管制。110.distribution ：商品流通The marketing of merchandising.商品的营销。If a product doesnt have good distribution, it wont sell.商品流通如果不畅就卖不出去。111.diversification ：经营多样化The act of expanding business by increasing the number of goods produced or the number of services offered.通过增加产品品种和服务项目来扩展经营业务。Many
32、 fast food businesses are diversifying in an attempt to capture more customers form their competitors.许多快餐企业正实行经营多样化，力图从其竞争对手手中夺取更多的顾客。112.dumping ：倾销The act of selling goods below cost to other nations to eliminate surpluses or offset competition.以低于成本的价格向其他国家销售产品以减少过剩产品，引发竞争。 The U.S. has accused
33、Japan of dumping mini-vans here in American. 美国控告日本在美国倾销小型货车。113.economics ：经济学The study of wealth and its creation, distribution, and consumption.形容财富及其创造、分配和消费的科学。 Susan is majoring in economics at Harvard. 苏珊在哈佛攻读经济学专业。114.economy ：经济The organization of social and political institutions and busin
34、ess for production.社会及政治机构的组织以及以生产经营为目的的企业组织。 National leaders must always worry about the state of the economy. 国家领导人必须一直为经济状况操心。115.Fortune 500 ：财富500 家公司A list of the 500 largest American corporations published annually by “Fortune” magazine.由财富杂志每年公布的全美国最大的 500 家公司。 Who are the top 10 companies
35、on the Fortune 500 list? 在财富500 家公司中，前 10 名是哪些？116.franchise ：经销权，连锁店A contract or license permitting a regional distributor to use the name and sell products of another company.地区分销商得到其他公司的合同或许可证，有权使用其名称并销售其产品。Clancy is opening a new McDonalds franchise in London.克兰西在伦敦开了一家麦当劳连锁店。117.freeze ：冻结The
36、fixing of some economic factor, such as prices, employment, spending, etc.停止一些经济因素的变动，如价格、就业、开支等。 The government caused a price freeze at the gas pumps. 政府冻结了汽油泵的价格。118.full employment ：充分就业An economic condition in which unemployment is deemed minimal and acceptable, usually under six percent.失业率处于可
37、接受的最小值，常常是以下的经济形势。The condition of full employment is something that most countries rarely achieve.充分就业是大多数国家很少取得的经济局面。119.glamour stock ：热门股票A stock in a new or rapidly developing industry that tends to rise quickly in price.新兴且发展迅速的产业所发行的股票，有迅速升值的趋势。John specializes in buying glamour stock, partic
38、ular in media, and entertainment companies.约翰专门购买由传媒、娱乐公司发行的热门股票。120.glas ceiling ：性别障碍，玻璃天花板A term used to describe an invisible barrier that prevents women from entering the ranks of senior-level management.指阻止女性进入高级管理阶层的一种无形障碍。Many women in the 90s are protesting the glass ceiling that bars them
39、form upper management in large corporation.90 年代，许多妇女抗议阻止她们进入大公司高级管理阶层的性别障碍。121.global economy ：全球经济 Worldwide trade, travel, competition, etc. 世界范围内的贸易、旅游、竞争等。Companies in the 1990s are thinking globally in order to stay competitive in the new global economy.为在新的全球经济中保持竞争力，90 年代的公司都从全球的角度考虑问题。122.G
40、NP ：国民生产总值An abbr. For “gross national product.” The total annual monetary value of all goods, services, and products sold on markets of national economy.“gross national product” 的缩写词，指在国民经济市场上销售的所有商品、服务和产品的年度货币总值。What was Japans GNP in 1987?1987 年日本的国民生产总值是多少？123.golden parachute ：高额离职补贴A substanti
41、al compensation given to top executives as a severance bonus when they are terminated from the positions in the event of a corporate merger or takeover. 在发生合并或兼并的情况下，公司高层行政领导离开其职位时所获得的丰厚补偿，作为高额离职补助金。CEOs typically receive a golden parachute when their companies are seized in a hostile takeover.公司被他方
42、恶意接管时，通常情况下总裁们都会得到高额的离职补贴。124.gray market ：灰色市场A market in which scare goods such as computer chips are traded at above-market prices through irregular channels or by methods not illegal but usually not considered ethical. 以高于正常市场价格来销售稀缺商品如电脑芯片的市场。这种交易通常以非正常渠道进行，手段虽不犯法但也不 被认为是合乎道德的。Our company is lo
43、sing a lot of money to similar products being sold on the gray market.由于类似产品在灰色市场上销售，我们公司损失很大。125.greenmail ：绿票欺诈The purchase, usually in secret, of a large block of a companys stock, thereby signaling a possible takeover attempt, and ultimately forcing the company to try to thwart the attempt by bu
44、ying back its stock at a much higher price. 秘密购买一公司的大部分股票，以此暗示可能进行接管，最终迫使该公司为挫败对方的企图，不得不以高出很多 的价格买回股份。The ABC company found themselves a victim of greenmail when they realized they had bought back their stock at a much higher price.当 ABC 公司以高得多的价格买回自己的股份时，发现本公司成了绿票欺诈的受害者。126.hardball ：商场上的杀手锏，动真格Sla
45、ng for highly competitive or ruthless business practices.俚语，指生意上极具竞争力或冷酷无情的做法。Our competitors are using tactics that indicate that they want to play hardball.我们的竞争对手所用的战术表明他们要动真格了。127.hostile takeover ：敌意接管The act of taking control of a company by buying up enough of its stock t gain a controlling i
46、nterest.通过购买足够股份从而获得控股权的办法来接管一家公司。Last year the small airline company was bought up in a hostile takeover.去年这家小航空公司在一次敌意接管中被收购。128.hyperinflation ：高通胀Rapid inflation and major shortages caused by panic buying.迅猛的通货膨胀和抢购造成严重的商品短缺。The fear of sudden natural disaster caused hyperinflation to occur in c
47、ertain food markets because of panic buying by the public.由于担心自然灾害会突然降临，公众疯狂抢购，导致了一些食品市场的高通胀。129.inflation ：通货膨胀A sustained rise in the price of goods and services.商品和服务的价格持续上涨。Has the rate of inflation dropped in the last six months?在过去的个月里通货膨胀率下降了吗？130.junk bond ：风险债券，垃圾债券A slang term for a high-r
48、isk bond that offers a high return but is considered to have a dubious backing.俚语。指高风险高回报的债券，但被认为有可疑的背景支持。Michael Milken will always be synonymous with the term ”junk bond king.”迈克尔?米尔肯总是“风险债券之王”的同义词。131.labor-intensive ：劳动密集型的(adj.)A term used to describe production that uses more labor than capita
49、l.运用人力多于资本的生产。The parts are very labor-intensive which makes them very expensive.零件是用密集劳动生产出来的，这样价格就很贵。132.leveraged buyout(LBO) ：举债收购A procedure by which an investor borrows money to purchase enough of a companys assets to gain a controlling interest, using the assets of the targeted firm as collateral.投资者以收购对象的资产作担保，借钱来收购该公司的足够资产以获得控股权的过程。 Sometimes a smaller company will use the technique of a leveraged buyout to takeover another company. 有时候小公司可以用举债收购的手段来接管另一家公司。133.macroeconomics ：宏观经济学An economic branch dealing with broad aspects of the economy, esp. facto
