1、新目标 八年级 下 教案1Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?二.【重难点分析】1. 现在完成进行时构成：肯定句：主语 + have / has been + doing 否定句：主语+have/has+not+been+doing一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+doing?现在完成进行时表达“某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去”，现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词，如：live，learn，study，work 等。(1)I have been learning English for ten ye
2、ars. 我学英语已经十年了。(2)She has been skating for four hours. 到现在为止她滑冰已经有四个小时了。在这几个句子中，have 和 has 是助动词，疑问形式需把助动词提前，否定形式在 have 或 has 后面加 not，have not 和 has not 可以分别缩写成 havent 和 hasnt，如：(1)Have you been doing your homework since this morning? 从今天早晨起你就一直在写作业吧？(2)Has he been writing the letters to his friend?
3、他是一直在给他的朋友写信吗？(3)I havent been seeing films for a long time. 我有很长时间没有看电影了。（表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，还要继续持续下去。）2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。I have read a book about birds. （已经读完）I have been reading a book about birds. （一直都在读，现在还在读，有可能会继续读下去）(2)两种时态都有延续性， 但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果
4、，无感情色彩；现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复，有时有一定的感情色彩。She has been singing all the day. 她都唱了一整天了。（抱怨、厌烦）三.【重点词汇】1. since，from 和 for(1)from 是介词，后接名词、动名词，表示事情的开始点，以 from 短语作状语时，句中的谓语动词可用一般现在、过去和将来时，The movie is on from 8:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. 这个电影在晚上 8 点到 10 点上映。They chatted at the meeting from beginning to end他们在会议上
5、自始至终都在聊天。(2)since 则为介词或从属连接词，其后接名词、动名词或从句，表示从某一特定时间起直至现在或过去某一特定时间为止，依然继续着的事情的开始点，在以此为时间状语的句子中，谓语动词常用完成时。Many things have happened since they came here自他们来这儿以后，发生了许多事情。The teacher said that John had made great progress since last semester从上个学期以来约翰取得了很大的进步。(3)for 是介词，后接名词，可以用来计算持续的时间，表示事情从开始到结束所持续的时间，
6、谓语动词常用过去时或完成时， for 与一般现在时连用，表示时间一直持续到将来。The meeting lasted for hours. 会议持续了几个小时。I studied the piano for three years. 我学过三年钢琴。Ive known her for five years. 我认识她已经五年了。How long are you here for? 你在这里要待到什么时候?3. favorite 作名词，指“最爱的物品 ”，favorite 也可作形容词，作形容词比较级和最高级形式。My favorite food is dumpling我最喜欢的食物是饺子。4
7、. stop 表示 “停止，结束，阻止 ”The light turned redI have to stop 红灯亮了，我不得不停下来。(1)stop 作名词，意为“车站，站点”。 I get off at the next bus stop我在下一站下车。(2)stop 作动词，意为“停止”，常用于 stop doing sth.结构中，表示 “停止做某事”，指停止正在做的事。The students stop talking学生停止了讲话。 (动名词 talking 作宾语 )(3)stop to do sth. 则表示“停下来去做某事”，指停止原来的事去做另外一件事。The stude
8、nts stop to talk学生们停下来(开始)讲话。(4)stop sb.(from)doing sth. 表示“叫某人停止做某事，阻止某人做某事 ”。What can stop me(my)going? 有什么能阻止我去呢? Nothing shall stop us from studying什么都不能阻止我们学习。5. have to do sth. 表示“不得不做某事”，指客观条件的“不得不” I have to finish the work by myself 我不得不自己完成这项工作。6. run out of 意为“从地方跑出来；用光” 新目标 八年级 下 教案2Clas
9、s is overThe students run out of the classroom 下课了，学生们从教室里冲了出来。四.【课文解析】1. How long have you been in class today? 你今天上了多长时间的课？ (或你在课堂多长时间？)(1)how long “多长 ”或“多长时间”。对长度或时间段提问。- How long have you learned English? 你学英语多长时间了? - For two years. 两年了。(2)in class 在上课；在课堂上，其反义词为 out of class “在课外”。We should re
10、ad more books out of class. 我们在课外应该多读些书。(3)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。I have seen the film many times这部电影我已看过多次。(已经非常了解这部电影)表示过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。I have lived here since 2001自从 2001 年以来，我一直住在这儿。(“住”这动作延续到现在)构成：“havehas+过去分词”构成。-Where is Jim and Mike? 吉姆和迈克在哪儿 ? -They have gone to the Great Wall 他们去游长城了。2
11、. Alison was the first one to start艾丽森是第一个开始(滑) 的。(1)“be the first / second+n. + to do”表示“是第一/ 二个做某事的”。He is the last one to leave here. 他是最后个离开这里的。(2)to start 在这里是动词不定式作定语。3. Id like to collect stamps because they are interesting我喜欢集邮，因为它们特别有趣。(1)would like to do 表示“想要做某事”。Would you like to come to
12、 join my birthday party?(2)collect 意为“收集，搜集”，常用作及物动词，后跟名词或代词作宾语。I like collecting all kinds Of Chinese stamps very much我非常喜欢收集各种中国邮票。4Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster 非常感谢您送我怪兽雪花球形玻璃器。(1)thanks for相当于 thank you for意为“为感谢你”，后多跟名词短语或动名词。(2)send sb. Sth.相当于 send sth. to sb. 表示“送给某人某物
13、” He sent me a present for my birthday.5. By the way，whats your hobby? 顺便提一下，你的个人爱好是什么?(1)介词短语 by the way 意思是“且说，顺便提一下，还有”，常用来介绍一般性的话题，或在脑子里突然想起的事情。By the way，have you seen her lately? 顺便问一下，你近来见过她吗?(2)名词 hobby 表示 “爱好”是可数名词。 Your hobby is reading 你的爱好是看书。6It made me think about differences in food c
14、ultures between China and western countries它使我想起了中国和西方国家在饮食文化方面的差异。(1)make 使役动词“使；让”，后面接不定式作宾语补足语时，不带 to，类似的还有 let 和 have。He made the students laugh他把同学们逗笑了。(2)think about 考虑；回想，想起；认为think about a plan 考虑一项计划(3)介词 between 表示在二者之间There is a fence between his garden and our garden 在他的花园和我们的花园之间有一道栅栏。五
15、.【词语辨析】1. every 和 each(1)each 一定数目中的“每一个”；“个别”意义较重，表示各有不同，更强调个人或个别。Each one has his weakness 每人都有每人的弱点。(2)every 数目不确定的许多人或物中间的“每一个”；“总合”意义较重，表示“大家一致”。Every one of us is here 我们都到了。(3)each 可作主语、同位语、定语和状语，而 every 只能作定语。2. interest，interesting 与 interested(1)interest 作名词，意为 “兴趣，趣味 ”，用作动词时指“使( 人)产生兴趣”。H
16、e shows an interest in music他对音乐感兴趣。 What you said interests me你的话引起了我的兴趣。(2)interesting 作形容词，指“有趣的，引起兴趣的”The film is very interesting 电影非常有趣。(3)interested 是由动词 interest 加-ed 构成的形容词。意为“感兴趣的”，其主语一般是人，When he was only a child，he got interested in science当他还是个孩子时，就对科学产生了兴趣。新目标 八年级 下 教案33. how long，how
17、often 与 how soon(1)how long 的意思是“有多长”，用来提问有多长时间，答语通常是 more than two weeks 等表示一段时间的话。(2)how often 的意思是“多长时间一次”，用来提问在一特定的时间内进行某个动作的次数，答语通常 sometimes，quite often ，usually，(3)how soon 用来询问“需要多长时间能，过多久”，常与将来时连用，答语常用 in a weekmonthyear4. have 与 must(1)have to 有时态和人称变化，带有客观因素，意思是“不得不”；must 后面接不带 to 的不定式，带有
18、主观因素，意思是“必须，一定”。I have to go nowIts dark 我必须得走了。天已黑了。(2)Must I?的否定回答是 No，you neednt 或 No，you dont have to-Must I stay here now? 我必须留在这吗 ?-NO，you needntyou dont have 不，你不必。5room 做空间讲时，是不可数名词。Is there any room for me in the car? 车上还有座位让我坐吗？6The + 比较级， the + 比较级。 越 越The more, the better. 多多益善The more y
19、ou have, the more you want. 拥有越多，欲望越大。一、单项选择（每题 1分，共 15分）1. In our city, _ middle school students want to work as a teacher in the future.A. thousands of B. nine thousand of C. thousand D. thousand of2. Is your father still teaching? -Yes. Its about sixteen years _ he started teaching.A. until B. af
20、ter C. since D. with3. Mike, where is Alice? -She is still studying in the classroom. She _ for three hours.A. studies B. studied C. studies D. has been studying4. I _ all my money when shopping, so I had to walk home yesterday.A. cared for B. ran out of C. gave away D. got out of5. -_ has she been
21、walking as well as talking with her friend? -For 30 minutes.A. How often B. How far C. How long D. How many6. Lisa. I think we should make some _ for the old man there. -OK. Please ask him to come here and take my seat.A. ground B. place C. seat D. room7. -_ the way, did you meet Danny _ your way ho
22、me yesterday afternoon? -Yes, I did.A. On; by B. By; on C. On; in D. By; in8. What was wrong with John yesterday? -He was too shy to talk to _ at the party.A. anyone B. someone C. no one D. everyone9. I _ for you for an hour. Where have you been? -I am so sorry. I went to help my mother buy some sau
23、ce.A. wait B. waited C. am waiting D. have been waiting10. Do you like our English teacher?-Yes. _ I learn from her, _ I like her.A. Longer; more B. The longer; the more C. The longer; more D. Longer; the more11. I am _ in this _ movie. -So am I.A. interested; interesting B. interested; interested C
24、. interesting; interesting D. interesting; interested12. Ken is playing again. Can he pass the exam? -Dont worry. I am _ that he can.A. afraid B. certain C. happy D. surprised13. Thanks for sending me a pair of skates. -_.A. All right B. Dont say that C. Thats right D. Youre welcome14. Beijing is _
25、city and therere many places of interest.A. such beautiful B. so a beautiful C. quite a beautiful D. very a beautiful15. My mother doesnt want me to collect toys, _ we dont have enough room.A. but B. although C. so D. because二、完形填空（每题 1分，共 10分）Im a student. I go to school on weekdays. I dont have _1
26、_ free time. I usually _2_ six or seven hours at school. After that I either go 新目标 八年级 下 教案4shopping _3_ go home and study. If I have some _4_ time during weekdays, I _5_ read a storybook or watch TV. But now it takes all my evenings to study _6_ the final exam.Though I have a lot to do, I still ha
27、ve some free time activities. On weekends I like to go out with my family. I also like to walk around the countryside and _7_ the seasons change during spring and sutumn. I am also a _8_. I am interested in stone collecting. I like to _9_ all kinds of interesting stones. In winter I enjoy sports lik
28、e skiing and skating. Im _10_ a good skier(滑雪者). In our class no one can ski better than me.1. A. too many B. too much C. much too D. amny too 2. A. need B. spend C. cost D. take3. A. but B. and C. so D. or 4. A. busy B. empty C. free D. funny5. A. may B. have to C. must D. cant 6. A. with B. in C.
29、on D. for7. A. watch B. like C. hope D. want 8. A. teenager B. volunteer C. collector D. leader9. A. look over B. look like C. look at D. look for 10. A. real B. quite C. very D. pretty三、阅读理解（每题 2分，共 30分）AJack started his first job at a primary school(小学) and wanted very much to make a good impressi
30、on on the kids. So, when he saw a boy standing alone, while the other kids were playing soccer, he ealked up to him and asked, “Are you all right?”The boy told himthat everything was fine and the teacher left. A few minutes later, however, he found that the boy was still standing alone.Deciding to f
31、ind out what was wrong this time, Jack went up to him again and said, “Hi, are you sure youre not feeling left out? Would you like me to be your friend?”The boy clearly felt a little nervous, but after a little hesitation(犹豫) he said, “Maybe.” Encouraged by his progress, Jack asked, “Tell me, why ar
32、e you standing here alone?”“Because,” the boy said with clear anger in his voice, “I am the goalkeeper(守门员)!?根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。1. What was Jack?A. A teacher. B. A reporter. C. A visitor. D. A soccer player.2. What did Jack think of the boy?A. He was nervous. B. There was something wrong with him.C. He w
33、as too tired. D. He didnt like playing soccer.3. What does the underlined word “impression” mean in this passage?A.印象 B.微笑 C.面孔 D.心态4. This passage might be a(n) _.A. ad B.science story C. joke D. TV program5. What can we learn from the passage?A. Jack wanted to join the soccer team. B. The boy was
34、a little angry at last.C. The boy didnt want to play soccer any more. D. jack must be angry with the boy.BBrenda LarsonBrenda si in a domino(多米诺顿骨牌 ) club. Brenda says, “Some people think our hobby is stupid, but I think its fun.” The club members put dominoes in very long rows. Then they touch the
35、first domino in the row, and all the other dominoes fall down one after another. The club members usually meet on Saturdays and Sundays in a gym or in a big open area. They need a lot of space for the dominoes. They need a lot of space for the dominoes. They need to put the dominoes in just the righ
36、t places. They dont fall down when they arent right. Brenda says that her club wants to set a world record! “Come and join us,” she invited.Keith WarnerKeith Warner goes paragliding(滑翔伞 ) in his free time. He likes to see the fantastic view from the sky. Keith says, “People say its a dangerous sport
37、, and they call us crazy.” But Keith feels safer on his glider(滑翔机) than in a car. He warns that there are some important safety rules. Before you jump, you need to ask these questions: is my equipment(设备) working well? Can I land safely? He says, “Gliders are not toys. They are aircraft(飞行器). You n
38、eed to have a good instructor, and to fly, fly, and fly.”根据材料内容，判断下面句子正（T）误（F） 。6. Brenda thinks that the hobby of dominoes is stupid.7. Dominoes wont fall down if they are in the wrong places.新目标 八年级 下 教案58. Brendas domino club has set a world record of playing dominoes.9. Keith Warner goes paragli
39、ding because he likes to see the fantastic view from the sky.10. Keith thinks its safer in a car than in his glider.CCollecting pens new worlds for you, but this is only one of the reasons to collect. Here are some more.Collecting tells stories. There is a story behind every object(物品) in a collecti
40、on. There is your story: the story of when and where you get each object and what it means to you. The objects themselves also tell stories. If an object is old, it may tell the stories of other people who once owned(拥有) or used it. If its new, it can tell you a lot about its own time and place.Coll
41、ecting teaches you many things. Historical(历史的) objects teach us about important events, great heroes, or everyday life in the past. New objects show todays technology(技术) and our way of life. Plants, animals and stones teach us about nature.Collecting lets you share your knowledge with others. When
42、 you show your collection to your family or friends, you teach them new and interesting things. Kids all over the world are collectors, so while youre having fun learning about your collection, you can also make new friends and share your knowledge.Reasons for collecting_Tell stories. There is your
43、story and the objects themselves also tell stories.Teach you many things._: about important events, great heroes, or everyday life in the past.New objects: todays technology and our way of life._: about nature._ _ with kids and share your knowledge with them.四、词汇（每题 1分，共 10分）A.根据句意及首字母提示补全所缺单词。1. S_
44、 skaters have been skating for the whole five hours.2. Their school is giving a concert to r_ money for people in Wenchuan earthquake.3. Can you see a_ in the classroom? -No, I cant. I think theyre having a meeting on the playground.4. What is the most c_ hobby among these kids? -Its flying kites.5.
45、 My mother bought a new p_ of shoes for me yesterday.B.用所给单词的适当形式填空。6. Thanks for _ (send) me the snow globe of the monster.7. Have you finished _ (write) your story?8. Alison is always the first student _ (get) to school.9. Every year _ (thousand) of foreigners come to visit Mount Tai.10. There are
46、 a lot of old _ (build) in Beijing. They are very beautiful.五、短文填空（每题 1分，共 10分）阅读短文，用方框内所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文意思通顺、完整。 （注意：每个单词只能用一次。其中有两个多余选项。）collect, interest, hobby, play, luck, they, while, stamp, enjoy, relax, when, sadPeople may have many different hobbies during their lifetime. When we are very young, we spend most of our time _ with dolls or toy cars. When were older our _ may be different. We may put a lot of energy(精力) into _. Some might get interested in less active activities lik
