1、,Owing to _ competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been reduced considerably. A. fierce B eager C strained D critical fierce (动作非常激烈)：猛烈的，激烈的。常用的固定词伙关系是：fierce competitioneager:热中,渴望strained: 紧崩的，拉紧的critical: 一起搭配的常用be critical of “对进行批评,挑剔”,The director was critical _ the way we were
2、doing the work. A at B in C of D with,相当大地,A,pierce：v. 猛戳，猛刺入,strain：要求超过极限所造成的紧张。 tension:紧绷的状态或紧张的局势,包含关系(A包含B，选A) (2) His wife is constantly finding _ with him, which makes him very angry. A errors B shortcomings C fault D flaw errors: mistakes/sth. done wronglyfault: 错(人的性格、行为或习惯上的缺点)shortcoming
3、s: (反: merits)指在学校老师作评语时给出的优缺点。flaw: 指物体或材料上的瑕疵,C,指代关系 (3) There was a big hole in the road which _ the traffic. A set back B stood back C held up D kept down Set back: 推迟、推延、阻碍（时间概念上的）set about + doing着手、开始做某事set out + to do着手、开始做某事set down: take down/ put down/ write downset off: 出发，离开，起程=set outs
4、et up 安装，创立，建立set aside 把 留出 hold up 支撑、推迟、推延、阻碍(具体概念上的) stand back 后退 keep down 控制,Having decided to rent a flat, we _ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city. A set about B set out C set down D set up,The continuous rain _ the harvesting of wheat crop by two weeks.,C,词性 Many difficul
5、ties have _ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel. A risen B arisen C raised D arrived 不及物动词 及物动词,“提高，提升，饲养，抚养” raise the flag raise children,太阳、旗帜、水位等的上升（具体概念）,指抽象概念（问题、麻烦、新的局面等）的一种出现,B,四级词汇里还有一个表示“上升”的词：soar (通常表示毫不费劲地上升到很高的高度),词根、词缀的关系 (5) There were some _ flowers on the table. A
6、artificial B unnatural C false D unreal artificial: 人造的，人为的(artifact n. 人工制品，加工品)artificial legartificial leather (genuine leather) unnatural:形容人的行为举止不自然；不正常的a bird of unnatural size false: 假 （具有欺骗性的）false passport/ false hair/ false teeth unreal: 虚幻的（不是真实世界所拥有的）unreal world,A,More practice(6) This
7、ticket _ you to a free meal in our new restaurant. A gives B grants C entitles D credits,give sb. sth. give sth. to sb.,1) grant sb. sth 正式授予 2) 资助 3) take sth. for granted,1)entitle sb. to sth. 2)entitle sb. to do sth. 使某人有得到某事的权利,1)学分 2) credit card 3) credit A to B把A归咎于B e.g. credit the car accid
8、ent to the drivers carelessness,C,(7) A season ticket _ the holder to make as many journey as he wishes within the stated period of time. A entitle B grants C presents D promises,“赠与，给与” present with,promise to do sth. promise sb. sth.,A,(8) Everyone should be _ to a decent standard of living and an
9、 opportunity to be educated. A attributed B entitled C identified D justified,attribute to 归因于,identify sth. with sth.将东西与东西认为是相同的,证明,表明,B,(9) She cooled the meat for a long time so as to make it _ enough to eat. A mild B slight C light D tender,温柔的(gentle) 吃的东西不辣的,轻微的,少许的 e.g. A slightest change of
10、 the schedule may affect everyone.,light 反:heavy (rain) 清淡的,容易消化的,(肉)嫩的,Wild 粗野的，野蛮的 Wild animal, wild horse, wild flowers,hot spicy,D,(10) When people become unemployed, it is _ which is often worse than lack of wages. A laziness B poverty C idleness D inability,lazy bones懒骨头,贫穷,穷困 poor,无能力,idle: 闲
11、置的,闲逛(的),游手好闲 e.g. idle capital idle away some time虚度光阴kill time,C,(11) Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you _ the new carpet. A crash B pollute C spot D stain BACK,crash 表示飞机的失事 wreck 轮船的失事 accident 汽车的车祸,The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fi
12、shing boats were _ and many houses collapsed. A wrecked B spoiled C torn D injured,injure: 在事故中受伤 wound: (刀、枪等）伤 hurt: (感情、情感的）伤,n. 污点，污迹(点状) v. 使有污点 spotted dog spitspot chopchip,弄脏,染色(片状污迹),D,IV. 形近词,(1) Niagara Falls is a great tourist _, drawing millions of visitors every year. A attention B att
13、raction C appointment D arrangement,Pay attention to,tractor:拖拉机 attraction:吸引力 attract ones attention,正式约会 Keep appointment Break appointment 男女之间的约会：date,(2) The rain was heavy and _ the land was flooded. A consequently B continuously C constantly D consistently,相当于therefore, 比较正式，一般在句首,连续地（没有间断性）
14、 continually 连续地（有间断性，时断时续的）,“始终如一地，恒定地;总是” 固定词伙： 恒温constant temperature,“一贯地” 固定词伙：consistent policy,light rain rain cats and dogs,A,(3) I hate people who _ the end of a film that you havent seen before. A revise B rewrite C reveal D reverse Re-: againrewrite = write againreviewrevise Re-: backretu
15、rn reject reverse (转)：颠倒,揭示，揭露,c,(4) Dont _ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead. A release B relieve C relate D retain,release sth. to sb. “向某人发布、发行” 固定词伙：release energy,减轻痛苦、忧虑等 relieve your pain /worry n. relief 固定搭配： to ones relief使某人宽慰的是,relate sth. to sth.在思想或意义上与有联系 be relat
16、ed to,保持，保留,A,(5) The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural _. A tradition B transportation C transmission D transformation,传送,播送 transmit v.,D,(6) There were no tickets _ for Fridays performance. A preferable B considerable C possible D available,可得到
17、的,可应用的,可获得的 The dictionary is available. The manager is available. There is no room (available) in our hotel.,Consider v. Considerable:值得考虑的,可观的,量大的 Considerate :考虑周到的,-prefer (vt.) 喜欢 -prefer to do -prefer to do rather than (to )do 宁愿而不愿 -prefer sth. to sth./ prefer doing to doing (prefer coffee to
18、 tea),D,Preferable: 更合适的,更喜欢的 具有比较意义的形容词(不能与more, than, -er连用): superior to优于-inferior to second to 仅次于(Im second to none.) Sensitive to 对感到敏感,(7) It is said that the math teacher seems _ towards bright students. A partial B beneficial C preferable D liable,偏爱的 partial to/towards impartial to/toward
19、s 不偏不倚的,benefit from,liable to sth.遭遇到某事,A,(8) Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _ in the market. A batteries B bargains C baskets D barrels,装液体的大木桶,便宜货，讨价还价 打折 discount 20% discount v. bargain with sb.与某人讨价还价bargain about sth. 就讨价还价,B,(9) Rememb
20、er that customers dont _ about prices in that city. A debate B consult C dispute D bargain,辩论，辩论会,咨询 consultant 顾问,反驳 beyond dispute 无可争辩,D,(10) The neighborhood boys like to play basketball on the _ lot. A valid B vain C vacant D vague,具有法律效力的,没人占用而空, 暂时没有充满而空 反:occupied empty 空空如也,什么也没有,in vain徒劳,
21、白费力气,含糊不清的,许多，大量 抽签 运气 场地,(11) Although they plant trees in this are every year, the tops of some hills are still _ .A blank B hollow C vacant D bare,因为没写字而空,中空的、空心的 反：solid,光秃秃的（一般形容土地） bald 光头,D,动词词组及短语,turn Turn down 将音量关小，拒绝 Turn up 把音量开大；出现 Turn out 结果是、证明；生产 Turn over 移交，转交（没有方向性） Turn to 求助于，
22、参考 Turn in 交给，上交,This company has turned out 100 cars.,take over 接管 hand over交给，递给,Refer to,make Make out 填表， 辨认出，理解明白，假装 Make for 朝走去 Make off 匆匆地离开某地, 逃走 Make up Make it=succeed in doing sth. (听力中常出现) Make up for 弥补,补偿,Leave for Shanghai. Make for my office.,组成,构成+数字/百分比 be made up of 组成,构成(被动) 补考
23、 缓考,take Take after在外貌,性格等方面与父母相象 Take apart(将大型机器)分解，拆开 Take back 收回=withdraw Take down 记下,写下 Take effect 生效 Take effective steps/measures采取有效措施 Take in 理解领悟, 吸收(absorb), 欺骗(cheat) Take off 脱下,(飞机)起飞(四级听力重点词组) Take on 承担责任等等; 雇佣(employ); Take out 抽出,取出,Take turns + to do sth.轮流做某事 Take part in =par
24、ticipate in Take the place of = replace (replace A with B) Take up 占据时间; 开始从事,hand Hand down 把传下来 Hand out 分发,分给,call Call for 要求,需求 Call in 邀请,约进,叫进来 Call off (重点词组)cancel Call on 拜访,号召 Call out 大声叫喊;向挑战; Call up动员,召集;打电话; 使人想起Allow doing Allow sb. To do sth. Allow for,go Go off 离开,爆炸,断电 Go after 追
25、捕; 追求 Go along with 支持,赞同; 陪同某人前往 Go around 四处走走; (消息等)传开 Go back on 违背 Go by时间的流逝; 遵守,遵循 Go for 去拿,去请; 袭击; 适用于 Go into 调查,研究; 谈及,谈论(基本只考第二种意思) Go out 出去(从来不考); 熄灭 Go over 复习; 仔细检查 Go through 遭受,经历, 度过 (困难期等) Go up 上升,上涨 Go with 与一起; 与协调一致,break Break through 取得突破性进展,突围,突破 Break away + from 与某人脱离关系
26、Break down (机器)坏了,汽车抛锚了;谈判破裂; 身体垮了 Break into 破门而入 Break off 中止,中断 Break out (火灾,战争,疾病等)爆发 Break up 打碎,结束,Bird flu broke out.,give Give away 赠送; 泄露秘密 Give back 归还 Give in 屈服,让步yield to Give off指光热烟等的散发释放 Give up 放弃abandon Give out 分发,分给,Come 改变立场 bring over 使转变(思想),Come across= run into Come after跟踪而至 Come at 袭击 Come to 总计 Come up 出现 Come up with Come into view/sight 印入眼帘,Bring back 归还; 使记忆 Bring down 降低,打倒 Bring forth 生产 Bring forward 提议 Bring up 抚养, 养育,
