1、 专升本考试重点（未完）做题技巧：一、词汇部分与结构部分一）词汇部分：考查重点：形似、意似、音似的词、动词词组。形似：lively, alive , living , live Rise, raise, arise , arouse Attribute, contribute , distribute Describe, prescribe , inscribe, subscribe Crack, crash, crush , collide Contract, contrast , contact Instinct, extinct , distinct Conserve, deserve,
2、 conserve, preserve , observe Expansive, expensive Intensive, extensive Extend , extent Adopt, adapt, adept Abroad, aboard Assure , ensure, insure continual adj.断断续续的 continuous adj.连续不断的 costume n.服装 custom n.习惯 dairy n.牛奶厂 diary n.日记 emigrant n.移民到国外 immigrant n.从某国来的移民 immoral n.不道德的 immortal n.不
3、朽的 latitude n.纬度 altitude n.高度 gratitude n.感激 mortal adj.致命的 metal n.金属 mental adj.神经的 patent n.专利 potent adj.有力的 potential adj.潜在的 pray v.祈祷 prey n.猎物 precede v.领先 proceed v.进行，继续 principal n.校长 adj.主要的 principle n.原则 require v.需要 inquire v.询问 enquire v.询问 acquire v.获得 revenge v.报仇 avenge v.为.报仇 sc
4、are v./n.惊吓 scarce adj.缺乏的 stationery n.文具 stationary adj.固定steal v.偷 steel n.钢 story n.故事 storey n.楼层 store n.商店 strike v.打 stick v.坚持 strict adj.严格的 strive v.努力 stride v.大步走 through prep.通过 thorough adj.彻底的 wonder v./n.惊讶，奇迹； wander v.漫游，闲逛；propose, purpose basic, basis, base, image, imagine , ima
5、ginary , imaginative persist, insist , , resist abrupt 突然的 bankrupt 破产 corrupt 腐蚀堕落 interrupt 意似的词：Beat, strike , hit Distant, remote Beach, coast, shore Cloth clothe clothing clothes Reward 报酬 award 奖品Disease, sickness, illness Finish, complete, accomplish Incident , accident Pay , wage, salary Rat
6、e 比例, ratio 比率， proportion (in proportion to 与。 。 。 。成比例)Result , outcome , consequence Academy, college, institute, university Aware , beware Consist , compose, comprise Skip, skim, scan Classic 典型的 classical 古典的Efficient, affect, effect Worth, worthy, worthwhile Wet, damp, moist, humid 词组：Make for
7、 , make up for, make out , make off 逃走Set up, set off, set out , set aside , Let go of , let sb go, let sb down Break off, break out , break down In place, in the place , out of place Give in , give up, give off, give out At a time 依次， at times 有时， at one time 一度At hand 即将到来， in hand 掌握 ， on hand 手边
8、Cut short , cut in , cut into , cut off, cut down Come up, come off, come away, come to , come up with Come up with, put up with, catch up with , keep up with Turn off, turn down, turn back , turn off Put up, put off, put out Make of , make from , make for , make up with Look into , look forward to,
9、 look on Call on, call at, call off , call up 二） 、语法部分：1）非谓语动词：在句中不能充当谓语的动词形式，分三种，不定式、动名词、分词 不定式：动词不定式在词性上是带有动词特征的名词，形容词和副词，可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语和状语经常跟不定式的动词：begin, continue, decide, fail, forget , hope, intend, love, manage, offer, promise, remember, try, attempt , want 考点：当不定式做直接宾语，后面有宾补使，需用形式宾语 it 代替
10、不定式。而把不定式放在补语之后。例如：I found it difficult to solve the problem 不定式做定语：当被不定式修饰的名词与后面的不定式有动宾关系时不定式结尾表示动宾关系的介词不要丢掉，如：have you any other questions to ask ? I havent got a chair to sit on 不定式作状语经常表示目的、结果、原因等，例如： To meet needs of our industry, we must work harder 动词不定式的形式：一般式：表示动作或状态与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生：we
11、hope to have a lot of story-boook 完成式 :动词不定式的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生，这是考试重点The ancient Egyptians are supposed to have sent rocket to the moon 重点：下列词组后不带 to: had better , would rather, can not but (不得不)、can not help but (只得)， do nothing but (不得不) 动名词：具有动词和名词特征，可以做主语、表语和宾语，还可以带有自己的宾语， 动名词经常表示习惯性、经常性动作动名词的时态
12、和语态：主动语态 被动语态一般式 studying being studied 完成式 having studied having been studied 下列动词后面要求动名词：admit, advise, appreciate, like , dislike , love, hate resent , avoid, deny, enjoy, finish, mind, permit , remember, forget , regret , stop, go on , begin , 下列词组要求动名词：be capable of , object to , be used to, be
13、 accustomed to , give up , keep on, look forward to , can not but help , be busy in doing sth, have difficult in doing sth, insist on , persist in , be worth doing , 下列句型后要求动名词：It is no use doing sth It is no good doing sth It is useless doing sth There is no use .There is no good .考点：动名词的逻辑主语分词：分词具
14、有形容词和副词特征，可以作表语、定语、宾补形式：一般形式（ing） 、完成式（ having +pp） 、完成被动（having been +pp） 现在分词表特征，过去分词表状态; 现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动：The woman teacher giving us oral lessons is from America The story described in the book is easy to understand His exciting speech made the excited audience crazy 考点：分词一般形式作状语、完成形式作状语、完成被动形式作状
15、语做宾补：在下列词汇后要求分词做宾补：hear, see, feel, watch, notice, have, want 分词独立结构：如分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，分词必须带自己的主语，成为独立结构，表示原因、时间、伴随，分下列三种情况：1，如果是主动关系，用现在分词，反之用过去分词All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off 2. 由there +being+ 主语构成There being no damage, the police went back to their office 3. wi
16、th (without ) +分词逻辑主语 +分词With the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldnt go on with experiment 2) 从句： 一、名词性从句名词性从句：名词性从句是因为从句具有名词性质，名词在句子上可以充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语，所以就有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。名词从句和其他从句一样靠关联词与主句连接起来，关联词充当桥梁作用，即独木桥（只充当连接的关联词） 、双道桥（既充当连接词又有意义） 、三道桥作用（即起连接作用、并充当成分还具有其意义） 。掌握关联词是掌握从句的关键。 主语从句：th
17、at 引导的，不当任何成分，本身无意义，只起连接作用：That he will come is certain That men have learned much from the behavior of animals is hardly new Whether 引导的，充当连接词，有其意义，从句中通常有 not 或 or,也是使用连接词 whether 的标志：Whether we shall go or stay is uncertain 由连接词 who(ever)/whom/whose/what/which 引导的主语从句，连接词在句中可以充当成分，也有意义：What you ne
18、ed is practice What is called “equality” does not mean equal rights for all people 由连接副词 when, where, how, why 引导的主语从句：How the prisoner escaped is a mystery When he leaves is his own decision 从上可以看出，如果句子中缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语应选连接代词；从句缺状语，应选连接副词；从句中不缺少任何成分时，只选 that 或whether 同位语从句：同位语从句指的是从句对前边的先行词加以内容说明。下列名词
19、 belief, conclusion , doubt, evidence, fact , idea, message, news , opinion, plan, point, promise, proposal, question, rumor, story, suggestion, truth 将引起同位语从句，通常用 that 引起如：Scientists have come to a conclusion that there is no living things on the Venus and Mars 注意：用作同位语连词的 that 与用作定语从句连词的 that 的区别：
20、 同位语从句中的 that 只起到连接作用，不能充当成分；而定语从句中的 that 可以作句子成分 同位语从句与修饰的名词是对等关系是对前边的名词的解释和说明；而定语从句与所修饰的中心词之间是修饰与被修饰关系二、状语从句：是指在主句中作状语的诸位结构，根据其在主句中的句法作用分为时间、地点、方式、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较和条件九种。现就考点介绍几种： 时间状语从句：连接时间状语从句的从属连词有：as , after , before, till, when, whenever, while , as long as, hardly.when, no soonerthan.考点：as ,wh
21、ile 和 when 的区别：As 引导的时间状语强调主句、从句动作同时发生：As I was walking down the street , I noticed a police car in front of me While 引导的时间状语从句必须用持续性动词或 to be 表示状态Bobs leg got hurt while we were climbing up the Everest When 引导的时间状语从句不表示时间段When we are introduced to new people, we should try to appear friendly and se
22、lf-confident 方式状语从句： 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有 as, as if, as though , like , the way 如： he talks as if he knew everything in the world Reading is to the mind as exercise to the body 原因状语从句：引导词有 because, as , since, for , in that , now that, since Conflict is sometimes useful in that it forces people to test th
23、e relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors As , because, for, owing to, due to, 的区别 目的状语从句：连接词有：so that, in order that, in case , lest, for fear that (经常引起虚拟语气) 结果状语从句：so that, so.that, suchthat , to such an extent that, with the result that ,结果状语从句经常位于主句之后：The film was so interesting that w
24、e all laughed a lot 让步状语从句：连词有 although, as though , even if ever, whether or not Whatever you say , I will not change my mind Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert even if it means standing in a queue all night 条件状语从句：由 if, unless, as long as, supposing, provided, on condition that 引导：We
25、ll visit Europe next year provided we have enough money 三、定语从句：定语从句是考试中的重点。定语从句实质是修饰名词或代词的结构，被修饰的词叫先行词，连接名词（代词）和定语从句的关联词称为关系词（关系代词和关系副词） ，掌握定语从句的关键在于掌握关系词的用法。限定性定语从句：是主句意思不可缺少的部分，如去掉，主句的意思便难以完整；非限制性定语从句：只对起修饰作用的词作说明，通常作为插入语，如删去，意思仍然完整，非限定性定语从句与先行词之间要用逗号隔开。如：You may select the one which is most to yo
26、ur taste That man, whose work is important , has been a teacher 关系代词引导的定语从句：能引导定语从句的关系代词有 who(whom, whose)which, that ,其中， who 指人，which 指物，that 即指人又指物，当先行词前有限定词 all, any, every, no, ,much, little, none 序数词、形容词最高级、first, last, few, no、only , very., nothing, everything , anything ,something, it is +名词
27、+定语从句+定语从句时必须用 that .， 例如：Please tell me anything that you know about the author of the book There is little that can be believed about it She has nothing that is good to say She hates everything that is modern It is only a man who has seen much of the world that can be a leader It is always the mou
28、th which talks too much that arouses trouble 言多必失He is the only person that was present at the time This is the best TV set that is made in China 用 which 引导的定语从句：1）关系代词紧跟在介词后面：This is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks 2)非限制性定语从句必须用 which :The Heavenly La
29、ke (天池), which is one of the world famous scenic spots, is on Tianshan mountain . 3）引导从句修饰前面整个主句时必须用 which,此时 which 可以作主语、宾语或表语New Concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to all of us (which 做主语)She was awarded a good medal, which the whole family considered a great honor （
30、which 作宾语）He lost the manuscript during the war, in which case he had to rewrite the book (作定语)She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was (作表语)介词+which（whom）的定语从句；取决于搭配The man to whom he is talking is our president The school in which I studied is a famous university Thi
31、s is the girl with whom he worked /this is the girl whom he worked with There is only one problem about which they disagree The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our company I cant remember the age at which he won the prize This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars 关系副词 when
32、、where、why， 引导定语从句时经常做状语例如： The day will come soon when China will become a modern, powerful and prosperous country The village where I once worked has taken on a new book 3) 主谓语一致：主谓语一致是专升本的考点之一，是指主谓之间在人称、数等方面确定的一直关系，应遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则。主要考点有：1）在表示时间、重量、距离、长度、价值、数目等的复数概念时，谓语动词用单数；2）表示学科、病名等词
33、汇以 s 结尾，谓语动词用单数；（tuberculosis , economics）3） 书名、报刊名、国名 作主语时，谓语动词用单数;4)集体名词（family ，class ， crowd, committee, audience, spectator, board, crew, party, organization, police, public, team, group, gang, herd, government）作主语， 看做整体用单数，看做个体用复数5)以 some, any, every, no 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数（someone, anyone, ev
34、eryone, somebody, anybody, nobody,everybody, something, anything, everything, nothing）6) 以“neither of +名词、代词” 、 “either of +名词、代词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数， “none of +名词、代词”侧重“所有都不”用复数，侧重“一个也不”用单数，如：either of the books is interesting None of them have /has come 7) 以 many a +名词和 more than one +名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数：Mo
35、re than one child likes reading this kind of canton book 8) 由 and 连接的两个名词作主语，采用意义一致原则，若主语只一个人用单数，指不同的人用复数；The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party The Premier and the Minister of education are visiting our city Bread and butter was what he wanted for 9) 由 every/each/no 修饰的两个主语有 and 连接时，谓
36、语动词用单数：Each man and each woman is asked to help the disabled 10) 在 there be 句型中，根据 be 后第一个主语的单复数来决定谓语的单复数，如果主语是几个并列的单数名词时，谓语用复数；如：there is a chair and four desks in the room There are a book, a pen and a ruler on the desk 11) a series of , a kind of , a form of , a kind of +复数名词谓语动词用单数A series of le
37、ctures on radio engineering is scheduled 12) 分数、百分数、half 或 part of +n/pron 结构中，谓语动词取决于 of 词组中名词或代词的单复数形式：Half of there books are best-sellers Fifty eight percent of the road is paved 13)句子中有 as well as , no less than, along with, together with 做插入语时，谓语动词用单数Tom , along with the two other persons, is
38、to attend the conference 14) 当 or , nor , neither nor, eitheror , not only.but also 连接两个名词或代词时，谓语要与邻近主语一致：Not only you but also he is to blame for the accident 15) 主语为由 what 引导的主语从句，不定式短语、动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数；但在 what 为主语的主系表结构中，如表语为复数或 what 从句具有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语用复数形式：What he likes is a digital watch Seeing
39、is believing What we need are coal and steel What I say and think are no business of yours 16)当 all 指物时，谓语动词用单数，指人时用复数：All he can do is to wait All of you have to be for the proposal 17) the number of 用单数， a number of 用复数4）反义疑问句反义疑问句可以表示真正的疑问，也可以表示说话者的某种倾向、强调或反问，反义疑问句有前后两个部分，若前一部分为肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；若前一
40、部分为否定式，后一部分用肯定式。1.陈述句谓语动词为 have 的反义疑问句：当 have 做“有”讲时，可以有两种形式：He hasnt any sisters, has he ?He doesnt have any sisters, does she ?2,当 have 做“经历，遭受，得到”时，疑问部分只用 do You all had a good time, didnt you ?He often has colds, doesnt he ? 3. 当陈述句谓语动词含有 have to ,had to ,谓语动词根据时态改变We had to get there at eight,
41、dont we ?They had to take the early train, didnt they ?4, 当陈述句动词为系动词、助动词、情态动词时，疑问部分重复这些词There wont be any concert this Saturday evening , will there ?考点：陈述句谓语动词若是 am, 疑问部分要用 arent I 或 aint II am very busy, arent I 5. need 和 dare 既可以做情态动词又可以做行为动词，要注意它们在反义疑问句中的区别：You neednt hand in your paper, need yo
42、u ? 你不需要交出论文，是吗？He doesnt need to go there, does he ? 他不必去那里，是吗？He dare do it , darent he ?He doesnt dare to ask the teacher, doesnt he ? 6. 当陈述句谓语部分含有 used to 时， 疑问句有两种形式He used to get up early, usednt he ?He used to get up early, didnt he ?但如果是 there used to be 句型，反义疑问句用 wasnt (werent )there There
43、 used to be a peach tree in the garden, wasnt there ?7.当谓语部分含有 had better , would rather, would like, ought to 的陈述句的反义疑问句形式：Youd better go now, hadnt you ?Youd rather go there early, wouldnt you ?Hed like to go, wouldnt he ?She ought to go by plane, shouldnt she ?(oughtnt she )注意d 的简略形式，由 had better
44、 引起的用 had, 由 would 引起的用 would8 当陈述句中的谓语动词是表示愿望的 wish 时，反义疑问句的谓语要用 may,而且前后两个部分均用肯定式I wish to go home now, may I ?9. 当陈述句的主语为 this,that, everything, anything , something , nothing 等时，反义疑问句的主语用 it Everything is all right, isnt it ? Nothing can stop us now, can it ?10. 当陈述句中的主语是 anybody, anyone, everyb
45、ody, everyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one,these, those 时，反义疑问句的主语用 they Everybody knows the answer, dont they ?Nobody says a word about the incident, do they ? 11. 含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反义疑问句：若陈述句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句，反义疑问句的谓语动词和主语代词一般同主句的谓语动词和主语保持一致。但若陈述句为“I (dont ) think,believe, suppose , figure, assume 等+
46、 宾语从句，反义疑问句的谓语动词和主语应同宾语从句的谓语动词和主语保持一致，如果主句时否定式，反义疑问句要用肯定式He never said she would come, did he ? You never told us why you were late for the last meeting, did you ? I dont think he can finish the work , can he ? I dont believe she knows it , does she ? 12. lets 引导的祈使句，其反义疑问句一般用 shall we :Lets have a meeting, shall we ? 但 let us 则是 will you :Let us go home , will you ? Lets 是咱们， let us 是让我们Let him go with you, will you ? 5）
