1、Unit 4 Reading The first underground in the world,Different means of transport,transport,land,air,sea,?,?,?,air,sea,land,airplane, helicopter,ship, ferry, motorboat,light railway, underground, subway, metro, motorbike, bicycle, railway, train, car, minibus, taxi, coach, bus,Public Traffic,public tra
2、nsport,buses,coaches,trains,underground,ships,airplanes,high-speed trains,_ have routes. They pick up and drop off people at different places on the route.,Buses,_ are buses that carry people over long distances.,Coaches,_ were a popular way to travel from place to place.,Ships,_ are used to travel
3、quickly over long distances.,Airplanes,The _ has become popular in crowded cities.,underground,_ run much faster than normal trains.,High-speed trains,Your choice!,Situation 1 If you are going to Shanghai from Nanjing, what means of transport would you use? Why？ Situation 2 If you want to go to Taiw
4、an from Xiamen, will you go there by ship or by plane? Why?,2. What did Charles Holden do?,He designed the most famous of the new stations constructed between 1918 and 1938.,When was the first underground system opened?,In 1863.,Skimming,3. Why was the Victoria Line important?,Because it linked with
5、 other lines at almost every station, helping make the system more user-friendly.,Read again and answer. C1,1. Why was an underground system first developed in London?Most railway tracks did not go into the London city centre, so buses, trams, cabs and carriages were required. The number of vehicles
6、 on the road caused unbelievable traffic.,2. What was the London Underground like in 1863?The tunnels were just beneath he surface of the ground.The carriages didnt have windows and were pulled by steam engines through the narrow tunnels.,3. What did Charles Yerkes do to improve the underground syst
7、em?He obtained ownership of the many different lines and set up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London.,4. What unusual uses did the tube have during World War ?The tube was used as a bomb shelter, an airplane factory, a centre for directing the defence against air attacks and meeting r
8、ooms for the government administration.,5. What happened to the London Underground after World War?The underground system was enlarged and more lines were added because more people travelled on the underground.,6. What does it mean when the brochure says that the underground system is user-friendly?
9、It means it is very convenient for passengers to go to different places in the city from any station.,The following years indicate the important stages in the development of the London Underground. Find the information to match the years.,An underground railway was decided to be built.,The first tun
10、nels were opened.,The next section of the underground system was opened.,The underground service was provided in the middle of the city. The first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug.,The first electric underground railway was opened.,The London Passenger Transport Board was created.,More
11、new stations were constructed.,The Jubilee Line was opened.,How many parts can the passage be divided into? What does each part focus on?,1,Reasons,2-4,5,Developments,unusual uses,6-7,Expansion,popularity,Reading a tourist brochure What are the main features of a brochure? 1. Dates/years in chronolo
12、gical order 2. Sometimes persons who have made great contributions 3. Some historical events that have influences,Reading strategy,Work in groups and discuss. 1. Is there an underground system in your city/town? If there is , do you know its history? If there isnt any, do you think you need one?,Dis
13、cussion,2. What other transport systems are there in your city/town? 3. Why are good transport systems important?,Match the new words/ expressions with the correct meanings. the Answers of Section D : 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _,d,e,b,f,c,g,a,Complete the e-mail in Part E. Answers: _ 2. _ 3.
14、_ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _,undertook,postponed,section,tunnels,enlarged,convey,user-friendly,Language points,1. have the distinction of 因而优秀，卓越 L2 2. during the first half of the 19th century L3-4 3. traffic jam 交通阻塞 L8 4. lead to L9 5. give approval to 赞成，同意 L11 6. a large amount of money L15 7. pull th
15、rough 渡过危机（难关），恢复健康 L18 8. link up 连接，联合 L21 9. at regular intervals 每隔一段 L24,10. accelerate the pace of 加快步伐 L28 11. far from L32 12. set up L35 13. under the authority of 在掌管下 L39 14. function as 作为 L44 15. be used as 用作 L45 16. be linked with L51 17. in honor of L53 18. huge numbers of L55 19. wh
16、y not do sth L59 20. permit sb. to do sth. L60,1. However, most trains to London only went to the outer city limits, because building railway tracks into the city would have caused damaged many old buildings. (P50 L4-6),难句解析,句子结构分析：在这个复合句中，most trains to London only went to the outer city limits是主句；
17、because building railway tracks into the city would have damaged many old buildings是原因状语从句。to London和to the outer city都为介词短语作定语，分别修饰trains和railway tracks。,2. Unfortunately, the number of vehicles on the road caused unbelievable traffic jams, and the roads became so busy that no one could travel anyw
18、here. (P50 L7-9),句子结构分析：此句为and连接起来 的并列句。第一个分句为一个简单句； 第二个分句为结果状语主从复合句, the roads became so busy 是主句, that no one could travel anywhere是结果状语从句。,3. Travelling on these lines was not convenient, though, as each line was possessed by a different company, and many were very far from each other. (P50 L31-3
19、2),1) 句子结构分析：Travelling on these lines was not convenient, though为主句，as each line was possessed by a different company, and many were very far from each other为原因状语从句；状语从句又为由and连接的两个并列句。,2) 语言知识分析： Travelling on these lines was inconvenient, though意为“然而，搭乘这些线路很不方便”，句子中的though为副词，意为“可是，不过，然而”，常被置于句中或句
20、末。,4. Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes, undertook improving the system in 1902 by obtaining ownership of the many different lines and setting up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London. (P51 L33-36),1)句子结构分析：此句虽然很长，但实际上是一个简单句。主干为a wealthy American
21、 businessman undertook improving the system。句首的Having seen the situation为V-ing短语作状语；Charles Yerkes为a wealthy American businessman的同位语；后面的by obtaining ownership .是方式状语。,2） 语言知识分析： Having seen the situation意为“看到这种 情况”。一般说来，V-ing形式作状语时， 逻辑主语为主句的主语，用完成式表示 其动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前。,5. A new line was used as an
22、underground airplane factory, an underground station was used as a centre for directing the defence against air attacks, and the station nearest the Prime Ministers house was used by the Prime Minister as meeting rooms for the administration of government. (P51 L45-48),句子结构分析： 此句为and连接起来的三个并列句。第一个分句为A new line was used as an underground airplane factory；第二个分句为an underground station was used as a centre for directing the defence against air attacks ；,第三个分句为: the station nearest the Prime Ministers house was used by the Prime Minister as meeting rooms for the government administration。,
