1、语法专题四 形容词和副词,-2-,高考感悟,考点归纳,1.(2018全国,语篇填空)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years (long) than non-runners. 2.(2018全国,语篇填空)Running is cheap,easy and its always (energy). 3.(2018全国,语篇填空)A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change:An important part of its corn
2、 is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.,1.longer 根据后面的than可知,所填的词要用比较级,故填longer。 2.energetic 分析句子成分可知,所填的词做is的表语,故用形容词形式。 3.actually 根据后面的介词短语behind the change可知,此处应用actual的副词形式,故填actually。,-3-,高考感悟,考点归纳,4.(2018全国,语篇填空)He screams the (loud) of all. 5.(2017全国,语篇填空)However,be (care) not to go to ex
3、tremes. 6.(2017全国,语篇填空)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been (fair) unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.,4.loudest 根据空格前后的the和of all可知,此处用最高级loudest。 5.careful be是系动词,后面要接形容词做表语。care的形容词形式是careful。 6.fairly unpleasant是形容词,这里用副词fairly修饰,意思是“相当不舒服”。
4、,-4-,高考感悟,考点归纳,7.(2017全国,语篇填空)It is (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. 8.(2016全国,语篇填空)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of (great) and less importance.,7.certainly 此处用副词certainly修饰形容词fun。 8.greater 根据后面and less impor
5、tance可知此处要用比较级形式,故用greater。,-5-,高考感悟,考点归纳,9.(2016全国,语篇填空)The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. 10.(2016全国,语篇填空)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which (gradual) turned into chopsticks.,9.officially 修饰谓语will be given,应该用副词形式。officially“正式地,官方地”。 10.grad
6、ually 动词短语turned into应该用副词修饰。gradual是形容词,其副词形式为gradually。,-6-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,1.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成规则 规则变化,-7-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,-8-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,-9-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,特别提醒 有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加-er和-est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是:common,handsome, quiet,pleasant,cruel,stupid,tired和以-ow,-er
7、结尾的词。 有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。 这类形容词有:right(正确的),wrong(错误的),excellent(优秀的), favourite(最喜爱的),possible(可能的),empty(空的)等。,-10-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,不规则变化,-11-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,2.两者相比用“比较级+than”表示。 Robert jumps much higher than any of the others. 罗伯特跳得比其他任何人都高很多。 While finding information
8、is easier than ever,at the same time,researching has become more complex. 尽管找信息比以往容易了,然而,研究却变得更加复杂。 3.比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit等。 Tony can hardly boil an egg,still less cook dinner. 托尼几乎连个鸡蛋也不会煮,更不用说做饭了。 I feel much better today. 今
9、天我感觉好多了。,-12-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,4.“the+比较级.,the+比较级.”表示“越,就越”。 The longer you stay home,the better(it will be). 你在家待的时间越长越好。 5.“the+比较级+of the two+名词”表示“两者中较的那个”。 The taller of the two boys is my cousin. 两个男孩中个子高的那个是我表哥。 6.“a/an+形容词比较级+名词”表示“一个更的”。 It may not be a great suggestion.But before a bet
10、ter one is put forward,well make do with it. 这可能不是一个很好的建议,但是在一个更好的建议被提出来之前,我们还是设法应付一下。,-13-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,7.“比较级+and+比较级”的结构,表示“越来越”。 The girl becomes more and more beautiful. 那个女孩变得越来越漂亮。 8.“no+比较级+than”表示“和一样不”。 He is no taller than his brother. 他和他哥哥一样矮。 9.more.than.表示一个人两种品质的比较,意为“与其倒不如”。
11、He is more shy than unfriendly. 与其说他不友善,还不如说他腼腆。 10.某些以-ior结尾的形容词,与to搭配。如:junior,senior,superior等。 The book is superior to that one I just finished reading. 这本书比我刚读完的那本书好。,-14-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,1.三者或三者以上的比较用最高级,表示最高级的词前要用定冠词the。最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite
12、等。 Andy is content with the toy.It is the best one he has ever got. 安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他曾经收到的最好的玩具了。 This is by far the most inspiring movie that I have ever seen. 这是迄今为止我看过的最鼓舞人心的一部电影。,-15-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,2.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义。 What do you think of your new iPad? 你觉得你的新平板电脑怎么样? Good.I dont think I can
13、find a better one. 很好。我想这是我能买到的最好的平板电脑了。 3.“比较级+than any other+单数名词”表示最高级意义,意思为“比其他任何都”。 He is taller than any other boy in his class. 他比他班里其他任何男孩都高。,-16-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,表示双方在程度、性质、特征等方面相同时,用“as+形容词(副词)原级+as”的结构;表示双方不相同时,用“not so(as)+形容词(副词)原级+as”结构表示。 There are a small number of people involve
14、d,possibly as few as twenty. 只有少数人被卷入进来,可能只有二十人。 This building looks not so(as) high as that one. 这栋楼看起来不如那栋楼高。,-17-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,常用as.as 结构的词组: 1.as long as 只要;和一样长 I will work as long as I live. 只要活着,我就要工作。 2.as far as 远到;就而言 As far as I know,he is reliable. 就我所知,他很可靠。 3.as high as 高达 The a
15、verage cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as $400. 在那个国家一天的平均住院费用可高达400美元。,-18-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,4.as soon as 一就 I will call you up as soon as I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。 5.as well as 既又;和一样好 He who plays the piano as well as his father has experience as well as knowledge
16、. 他钢琴弹得和他父亲一样好,而且既有学识又有经验。 6.as good as 与一样;几乎;简直;和一样好 He as good as called me a coward. 他就差说我是懦夫了。,-19-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,1.A is+倍数+比较级+than+B 2.A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B 3.A is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height 等)+of+B 4.A is+倍数+that+of+B 5.A is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句,-20-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,This building is thre
17、e times higher than that one. 这个建筑物比那个建筑物高三倍。 This building is three times as high as that one. This building is three times the height of that one. 这个建筑物是那个建筑物的三倍高。 The output of this year is 3 times that of 2017. =The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2017. 今年的产量是2017年的三倍。 Its said tha
18、t the power plant is now twice as large as what it was. 据说,现在这个发电厂是原来的两倍大了。,-21-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,有些动词的分词可以用作形容词,在该形容词后加-ly 则可以构成相应的副词。,-22-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,-23-,.单句填空 1.The (strong) motivation a learner has,the more time he or she will spend learning a second language.(2018浙江宁波模考) 2.It will
19、be often a long time before your friend fully removes that memory,so dont be (disappoint) if it doesnt happen immediately.(2018四川成都高中毕业班第三次诊断性检测),1.stronger 分析句子结构可知,本句是“the+比较级,the+比较级”句式,意为“越,就越”,故填stronger。 2.disappointed 句意:要过很长时间你的朋友才会忘记那段记忆,如果他没有立刻忘记,不要失望。所填的词做be的表语,表示“泄气的”,故填disappointed。,-24
20、-,3.I was scanning the restaurant,waiting to sit at the first table that was (convenient) than others.(2017广东七校联合体高三第二次联考) 4.The rule in her family was that the person who grabbed the _ (high) amount sent the next.(2017河北石家庄高三复习教学质量检测二),3.more convenient 根据该句中的“than”可知,空处用形容词的比较级。 4.highest 根据语境并结合常
21、识可知,抢到红包金额最高的人要发下一个红包,故用最高级。,-25-,5.And learning to do it (correct) gives us a practical way to achieve such things as balance,motor control and rhythm(节奏) of movement.(2017福建福州普通高中毕业班综合质量检测) 6.Sammy,shocked and (speech),went back to work as a crowd gathered at the scene. 7.It might be much (easy) t
22、o push the car backward, Sammy thought.,5.correctly 空处修饰动词do,故用副词形式。 6.speechless 与shocked并列,根据语境可知,应填speechless。 7.easier 根据语境向后面推可能更容易,故填easier。,-26-,8. (sad),people can no longer visit the cave.However, another set of cave paintings has been created. 9.After that,I realized that though high schoo
23、l life in China is harder,it can give us (much). 10.Of all the ways to prove yourself,eating hot dogs against the clock is surely the (strange).,8.Sadly 由该句结构可知,空处位于句首做状语,修饰整个句子,故用副词形式。 9.more 根据语境可知,此处表示虽然中国高中生活更累,但能给予“我们”更多,故用比较级more。 10.strangest 考查形容词最高级。由定冠词the及句意可知,这里说这种证明自己的方式是最奇特的,因此应用形容词最高级
24、。,-27-,11.It must take place in a (care) controlled environment,under the guidance of your doctor. 12.A place in which people can (free) socialize and express their ideas? 13.Of all the cities in the world,one of the top six (healthy) cities is Copenhagen,Denmark.,11.carefully 此处修饰controlled需要用副词。 1
25、2.freely 修饰动词短语socialize and express their ideas,应用副词freely。 13.healthiest 考查形容词的最高级。此处表示“最健康的六大城市之一”,应用形容词最高级。,-28-,14.If I meet with school violence,I will not answer violence with violence,for it will result in (much) fighting. 15.She did my first two operations when I was a baby,which were the m
26、ost important and (effect). 16.Dr.Barone was my doctor when I was a kid,and even though I was (probable) just another patient to her,to me she was (much) than just my doctor.,14.more 句意:如果我遇到校园暴力,我不会以暴制暴,因为这会导致更多的打斗。根据句意可知,空处应使用比较级。 15.effective 根据and前的important可知,空处应用形容词effective与important并列。 16.pr
27、obably 此处应用副词probably在句子中做状语。 more 由than可知,此处应用比较级形式,即more。,-29-,17.Besides,fares in China are (afford). 18.The new road to be built will be three times the (wide) of the old one. 19.I think watching TV every evening is a waste of timethere are (many) meaningful things to do.,17.affordable 此处应用形容词做表
28、语。affordable意为“负担得起的”,符合语境。 18.width 句意:要建的新公路是旧公路的三倍宽。这里是倍数表达句式:A is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height等)+of+B.的用法。故用wide的名词形式。 19.more 句意:我认为每天晚上看电视是浪费时间有更多有意义的事情去做。故填more“更多的”。,-30-,.单句改错 1.I used to be poorly in spoken English.2.My father was please when I showed him the money a month after.3.My mothe
29、r was very worrying when I told her.,poorlypoor 此处应用形容词做表语。pleasepleased 此处表示“当我给爸爸看这些钱时他很高兴”,故改为pleased。 afterlater 此处表示“一个月以后”,故改为later。worryingworried 妈妈很担心,主语为人,应用worried,worrying“令人担忧的”。,-31-,4.Clear,someone had left it there by accident.5.Im either skilled in using computers.6.Im looking forwa
30、rd to your kindly reply at your earliest convenience.,ClearClearly 根据逗号的提示可知,此处应用副词做状语,修饰整个句子。eitheralso (除了英语、美术不错,)“我”还擅长使用计算机,also表示“也”。either也表示“也”,但是常用在否定句中。kindlykind 修饰名词reply应用形容词。,-32-,7.Two years before,I was admitted to a high school.8.If Im luckily enough to be chosen as chairman of the
31、Students Union,I will spare no effort to live up to your expectations.9.Animal World is one of my most favourite television programmes.10.But my listeners were waiting patient.,beforeago 两年前“我”被一所高中录取。two years ago意为“两年前”,与一般过去时连用。luckily lucky 此处应用形容词做表语。删除most 句意:动物世界是我最喜欢的电视节目之一。favourite意为“最喜欢的”
32、,无最高级形式。patientpatiently 修饰动词应用副词形式。,-33-,11.Of course,if you develop a better habit,you will benefit a lot from it.12.All of a sudden,I kicked the ball so hardly that it flew right onto a vase and broke it.13.Short after it was launched,the pie committee went to the local inn to celebrate.,bettergo
33、od 根据语境可知,此处并没有表示比较的含义,故用形容词原级。hardlyhard “踢球用力”应用副词hard;hardly意为“几乎不”。ShortShortly shortly after是固定搭配,意为“不久后”。,-34-,14.Im quitely interested in this job.15.They provide us with food,wood and most important,oxygen.,quitelyquite quite本身就是副词。故改为quite。importantimportantly 句意:它们为我们提供了食物和木头,最重要的是提供了氧气。此处
34、most importantly是在修饰谓语动词provide,故用副词。,-35-,.短文改错 Dear Ms.Helen, I am pleasing to offer you the position of after-sales manager in our company starting on 16 June,2016.You were given the right to discuss this offer and to seek advices on the attached proposed agreement with your family,a lawyer,or so
35、meone else you trust.Unless you want some information on your employment rights,you can also contact the Employment Service Office or visiting our website.,-36-,Also,if you disagree this offer or wish to clarify something in it,please ring myself to discuss any issue you wish to raise. If you are ha
36、ppy with the proposed terms and wish to accept an offer of employment,please sign this letter and return it to me by 1 June,2016.In case of I have not heard from you by that date,this offer will be automatical withdrawn. Li Hua,-37-,-38-,-39-,1.pleasingpleased 主语是I,所以用-ed形式,故改为pleased。 2.wereare 根据全
37、文时态可知,应用一般现在时,故改为are。 3.advicesadvice advice是不可数名词,没有复数,故改为advice。 4.UnlessIf 根据句意可知,此处表示如果你想要一些关于雇用权利的信息,故改为If。unless意为“除非”。 5.visitingvisit 分析句子结构可知,contact与visit是并列关系,故改为visit。 6.disagree后加上with disagree with.“不同意”,disagree是不及物动词,故在后面加上with。 7.myselfme 根据句意可知,此处表示给“我”打电话,且主语与宾语为不同的人,不用反身代词,故改为me。,-40-,8.anthe或this 这里是特指这一就业机会。根据上文的this offer可知,也可改为this。 9.删除of in case“以防万一”后跟句子;in case of “要是”后跟名词或动词-ing形式,故删除of。 10.automaticalautomatically 应用副词修饰动词,故改为automatically。,
