1、语法专题十二 特殊句式,-2-,高考感悟,考点归纳,1.(2018北京改编)In any unsafe situation,simply (press) the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. 2.(2018天津卷)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.,1.press 句意:在任何不安全的情况下,只需摁一下这个按钮,一位训练有素的特勤人员就会来帮你。本
2、题是“祈使句+and+简单句”结构,故填动词原形。 2.that 句意:只有当汽车停在我们房子前,我们才看到在乘客座位上的莉莉。强调句型结构为:It is/ was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。,-3-,高考感悟,考点归纳,3.(2017天津改编)It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbours. 4.(2016全国,语篇填空)It could be anythinggardening,cooking, music,spor
3、tsbut whatever it is, (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.,3.that 句意:就在我回到公寓的时候,我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。强调句型的构成为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分。本句中被强调的部分是时间状语从句when I got back to my apartment,故用引导词that。 4.make 前面whatever it is引导让步状语从句,此处是一个完整句子,因此只能用动词原形放句首,构成祈使
4、句。,-4-,高考感悟,考点归纳,5.(2016天津改编)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists. 6.(2015湖南改编)Always (keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. 7.Its not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.,5.that
5、 句意:你等错地方了。长途汽车在宾馆接游客。强调句型的构成为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分。本句中at the hotel是被强调部分,故填引导词that。 6.keep 句意:始终记住你的主要任务是使公司运转顺利。祈使句省略了第二人称you,谓语动词用原形。 7.that 句意:不是做我们喜欢的事情而是喜欢我们要做的事情才使得人生幸福快乐。此处为“Its.that.”强调句,强调的是句子的主语,故填that。,-5-,高考感悟,考点归纳,倒装1.表示时间、地点、方位和动作转移的副词,如there,here,now, then,up,down,out,in,a
6、way位于句首,句子谓语是go,come,run等不及物动词,可将谓语全部置于主语之前。但主语是人称代词时,不倒装。 Up went the arrow into the air. 飕的一声箭射上了天。 Look!From opposite the street come two kids,screaming in panic. 看!街对面过来两个孩子,(他们)惊慌地尖叫着。,-6-,高考感悟,考点归纳,3.such做表语置于句首时,也常常用全部倒装。 Such was Einstein,a simple man but a great scientist. 这就是爱因斯坦,一位朴实而又伟大的
7、科学家。 4.表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。 (1)形容词+连系动词+主语 Present at the meeting were some experts. 到会的是一些专家。 (2)过去分词+连系动词+主语 Gone are the days when we walked to work. 我们步行上班的时代一去不复返了。 (3)介词短语+连系动词+主语 Among the goods are flowers,candles and toys. 货物中有花,蜡烛和玩具。,-7-,高考感悟,考点归纳,1.句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,har
8、dly,scarcely等表示否定意义的副词以及by no means,not until,not only,not a word,not a single,on no condition,in no case等表示否定意义的词组开头,要用部分倒装语序。 Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land. 我在外国从来没有听到过演奏得这么好的美国音乐。 Not only do the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well. 护士们不仅
9、想要增加报酬,她们还想要减少工作时间。,-8-,高考感悟,考点归纳,2.当句子用so,nor,neither开头,说明前面一句话中的情况也适用于另外一些人或物时,主语和谓语部分倒装。 Tom likes English,and so do I. 汤姆喜欢英语,我也喜欢英语。 3.在so/such.that引导的结果状语从句中,为了强调,把so/such提到句首时,主谓要倒装。 So moved was she that she could not say a word. 她感动得一句话都说不出来。 So fast does he run that he is far ahead of othe
10、rs. 他跑得那么快以至于远远超过了其他人。,-9-,高考感悟,考点归纳,4.as/though引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序,即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as/though的前面。在as/though引导的让步状语从句中,做表语的单数可数名词前不用加任何冠词。 Child as he is,he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子,但他懂得很多。 5.在省略if的虚拟条件句中,were,had或should要提到句首构成倒装。 Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him. 如果你早来几分钟,你就
11、能看见他了。,-10-,高考感悟,考点归纳,6.当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时,采用部分倒装形式。要注意“only+主语”用在句首时不倒装。 Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home. 直到莉莉走进办公室,她才意识到自己把合同落在家里了。 Only you can help me.只有你能帮助我。 7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。 May you succeed!祝你成功! 8.neither.nor.连接两个并列分句时,这两个分句都
12、要用倒装形式。 Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it. 我既不知道这件事,也不关心这件事。,-11-,高考感悟,考点归纳,省略1.单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词,常用在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish等词后;或放在表情绪的词后,代替被省略的动词,常见词有glad,happy,pleased等;但是,如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,则不应省略。 The driver wanted to p
13、ark his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to. 那个司机想在路边停车,但是警察不让(他停在那儿)。,-12-,高考感悟,考点归纳,He is not a lawyer now,but he used to be. 他现在已不是律师了,但他曾经是。 Your work hasnt been handed in,but it ought to have been. 你的作业还没交,但早该上交了。 2.感官动词或使役动词(feel,notice,see,hear,let,make,have等)后接不定式做宾语补足语时
14、常省略to。 I heard my father sing in the kitchen. 我听见爸爸在厨房里唱歌。,-13-,高考感悟,考点归纳,3.在由and或or连接的并列不定式结构中常省略后面的to。 I want to finish my homework and go home. 我想完成作业然后回家。 4.在do nothing but,cant help but,why not,would rather.than.,had better等句型中省略to。 The little boy could do nothing but cry. 小男孩只能哭,别无他法。,-14-,高考感
15、悟,考点归纳,1.在由when,while,if,as if,although/though,as,until,once,whether, where等引导的状语从句中,当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语含有be时,可省略状语从句的主语和be。 When (he was) young,he helped his parents do a lot of housework. 他小的时候帮父母干了很多家务活。,-15-,高考感悟,考点归纳,2.当从句的主语是it,谓语动词是be动词时,可以把it和be一起省略。此时构成“连词+形容词”的结构。 Though (it was) cold,he
16、 still wore a shirt. 尽管天冷,但他仍然穿着一件衬衣。 Please call me if (it is) necessary. 如果需要,请给我打电话。 3.在if so/not省略句式中,用so/not代替上文的内容。 Get up early tomorrow.If not(=If you dont get up early tomorrow),you will miss the early bus. 明天早点起床,不然的话,你就会错过早班车。,-16-,高考感悟,考点归纳,强调强调句的基本构成为:It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。被强调部分
17、指人时,可用who或that;被强调部分指物时,用that。如: It was John who/that wore his best suit to the dance last night. 是约翰昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会。 It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night. 约翰昨晚是穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会的。,-17-,高考感悟,考点归纳,强调句的一般疑问句形式为 “Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”;特殊疑问句形式为“特殊疑问词+is/was it+that/who+其他
18、成分”。 Was it in high school that you began playing basketball? 你是不是在高中的时候开始打篮球的? Where was it that you put your mobile phone after coming back? 你回来之后把手机放在什么地方了?,-18-,高考感悟,考点归纳,not.until.结构中的状语成分在强调句型中被强调时,not与until要放在一起。 Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical g
19、ift was fully recognized. 巴赫于1750年去世,但直到19世纪早期他的音乐才华才受到普遍认可。 It was not until he removed his sunglasses that I recognized him. 直到他把太阳镜摘下来我才将他认了出来。,-19-,高考感悟,考点归纳,反意疑问句1.当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,反意疑问部分的主语与谓语常和主句保持一致。 He said that they would come to my birthday party,didnt he? 他说他们要来参加我的生日聚会,是吗? 2.当陈述部分主句的谓语动词是th
20、ink,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,且主句主语为第一人称时,反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致;当陈述部分主句的主语为第二、三人称时,后面的疑问部分的主语和谓语与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。 They dont believe he will succeed,do they? 他们不相信他会成功,是吗?,-20-,高考感悟,考点归纳,当陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等否定词时,反意疑问部分用肯定形式。但带有表示否定意义的前缀构成的词时,其反意
21、疑问部分用否定形式。 He could hardly speak English,could he? 他几乎不会说英语,是吗? He dislikes playing the piano,doesnt he? 他不喜欢弹钢琴,是吗?,-21-,高考感悟,考点归纳,祈使句“祈使句+and+简单句”表示“如果就” Contribute a bit love,and you will make the world a nicer place to live in. 只要你能献出一点爱,你就会使这个世界成为一个更好的居住家园。,-22-,高考感悟,考点归纳,“祈使句+or+简单句”表示“否则” Lis
22、ten to the teacher carefully in class,or you cant catch what he is saying. 上课时仔细听老师讲,否则你听不懂他在说什么。 注意有时名词短语可以看作祈使句。 A few more minutes and I will finish the work. 再给我几分钟我就会完成这项工作。,-23-,高考感悟,考点归纳,感叹句What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事啊! What a happy day it is!多么快乐的一天啊!What beautiful butterflies t
23、hey are!多么漂亮的蝴蝶啊!How tall a boy he is!这个男孩真高啊!How well she plays!她演奏得多好啊!,-24-,.单句填空 1.Overcome it we will be able to achieve our goals. 2.Dont forget to put the tools back where they were after you have finished your work, you? 3.It was not until near the end of the letter she mentioned her own pla
24、n.,1.and 此处为“祈使句+and+陈述句”,故用连词 and。 2.will 句意:干完活不要忘了把工具放回原处好吗?否定祈使句的反意疑问句用肯定形式,故填will you。 3.that 强调句的基本结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。句意:直到在这封信的末尾她才提到自己的计划。,-25-,4.The teacher stressed that the students should not leave out any important details while (retell) the story. 5.It was only when I
25、watched the film a second time I had a better understanding of what it was talking about.,4.retelling 本句是一个省略句,由于主句的主语和从句的主语一致,而且从句谓语中含有be动词,所以省略了从句的主语和be动词。 5.that 句意:我再次观看这部电影时,我才更好地理解了它讨论的是什么。题干中强调的是only when I watched the film a second time。强调句型结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。,-26-,6. (take)
26、 a deep breath and you will immediately feel the spring in the air. 7.At the top of the hill (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.,6.Take 句意:深呼吸,你就会立即感觉到春天的气息。此处是句型:祈使句+and+分句。 7.lies 本句为表示地点的介词短语置于句首,所以句子要用完全倒装形式。主语是an old cottage,句子是一般现在时,故填lies。,-27-,.单句改错 1.Dont afra
27、id of making mistakes.(2017河北石家庄高中毕业班第一次模拟) afraid前加be 分析句子结构可知,该句为祈使句,afraid为形容词,故afraid前加动词原形be。 2.It was just then when I began to worry about my safety. whenthat 此处为强调句,被强调的部分是时间状语,故用that。 3.Suddenly,he cried out:“Oh,they are 13 people here!” theythere 由句意“这里有13个人”可知,应用there be句型。故将they改为there。
28、4.I dont know how many years ago it was when people began to stay at home and civilization began. whenthat 此句中被强调部分是how many years ago。,-28-,5.I was afraid she might already have seen the film,but she didnt. didnthadnt 根据might already have seen可知,该句表示与过去事实相反的假设,因此从句用过去完成时。故将didnt改为hadnt。 6.Will Alex
29、 be coming? I assume that unless hes got something else to do. thatso 根据句意可知,“我”肯定亚历克斯会来的,故应用so代替上文提到的肯定的内容。 7.My uncle was absolutely delighted with the present,but my aunt didnt. didntwasnt 该句是由并列连词but连接的并列句,后边的分句中可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分,以避免重复。前边为was,故应将didnt改为wasnt。,-29-,8.Do you have time to answer a fe
30、w questions? No,Im afraid so. sonot 根据No可知,此处表示对上面别人所说的话的委婉的否定,故应将so改为not。 9.As soon as he started smoking,she asked him not so. soto 此处为不定式的省略,为避免重复,不定式常省去前面出现的相同成分,只保留不定式符号to,故应将so改为to。 10.I never thought I would see her again,but yesterday I would. 第二个woulddid 由后面分句的yesterday可知用did。,-30-,.用括号内单词的
31、正确顺序填空 1.Under no circumstances_ (children,should,be) allowed to drive. 2.Only after months of planning_ (ready,they,were) for the conference.,1.should children be 此句为表示否定意义的词组开头,要用部分倒装语序,故应填should children be。 2.were they ready 此处为only所修饰的介词短语位于句首,应采用部分倒装形式,故应填were they ready。,-31-,3.No sooner (I,h
32、ad,left) than I heard them laughing. 4.Now (time,the,was) to escape and she jumped from the window.,3.had I left 此处no sooner表示具有否定意义的短语放在句首,要用部分倒装语序,故应填had I left。 4.was the time 该句为表示时间的副词now位于句首,要用完全倒装语序,故此处应填was the time。,-32-,5.Many a time (plan,she,did) to divorce her husband,but she never did.
33、 6.Only when (Jane,has,arrived) can we start the party.,5.did she plan many a time 在句中充当了状语,且提前至句首,故引起部分倒装。 6.Jane has arrived 此处为only+状语从句位于句首,其中状语从句应用陈述语序,故应填Jane has arrived。,-33-,7. (Max,It,was) who borrowed the money. 8.Never (seen,I,have) so much snow in November!,7.It was Max 该句为强调句,其基本构成为:It
34、 is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。故应填It was Max。 8.have I seen 此句以表示否定意义的副词never开头,故要用部分倒装语序。,-34-,9.Not until (saw,I) John with my own eyes did I really believe he was safe. 10.So beautiful (was,girl,the) that nobody could talk of anything else.,9.I saw 该句为not until引导的条件状语从句,置于句首,主句要用部分倒装,从句应用陈述语序,故应填I s
35、aw。 10.was the girl 此句为so. that引导的结果状语从句,且so位于句首,故主谓要倒装。,-35-,.短文改错 Dear Li Lei, Ive received your letter and I deep understand how you feel now.However,dont feel disappointing or even doubt yourself as you are not the only one who find it difficult to write well.I suppose the following suggestion m
36、ight be of very helpful to you. To begin with,its important remember some sentence structures, which can enriched your vocabulary and expressions.Additionally, reading English articles and recite the good ones. Finally,keep in mind what there are many things that cant be learnt immediately,but never
37、 be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.Just as the saying goes,“Practice makes perfect.” Yours, Peter,-36-,-37-,-38-,1.deepdeeply 由句子结构可知,修饰动词understand,且表示抽象意义,应用deeply。deep也可用作副词,表示具体的深度,包括时间和空间;deeply表示抽象的意义。 2.disappointingdisappointed 本句为祈使句,且结合feel可知,应用disappointed,表示“失望的”。 3.findfin
38、ds 由文章的整体时态可知,应用一般现在时;且先行词为the only one,故谓语动词用单数形式。 4.suggestionsuggestions 下文的“To begin with” “Additionally” “Finally” 表明不是一条建议,故用复数。 5.删除of be of+抽象名词=be+adj.。该句中的helpful是形容词,故删除of。 6.important后加to it is+adj.(for sb.) to do sth.是固定句式,it做形式主语。,-39-,7.enrichedenrich 由情态动词can可知,此处应用动词原形。 8.readingread 根据句中的“and recite the good ones”可知,and连接了两个祈使句,因此此处用read。 9.whatthat 动词短语keep in mind后是一个宾语从句,且从句中不缺少成分,因此用that引导。 10.butso/and 由句意可知,前后两个句子可以是因果关系或并列关系,因此用so或and连接。,
