1、Readings in Economic SociologyBLACKWELL READERS IN SOCIOLOGYEach volume in this authoritative series aims to provide students and scholars withcomprehensive collections of classic and contemporary readings for all the majorsub-fields of sociology. They are designed to complement single-authored work
2、s, orto be used as stand-alone textbooks for courses. The selected readings sample the mostimportant works that students should read and are framed by informed editorialintroductions. The series aims to reflect the state of the discipline by providing col-lections not only on standard topics but als
3、o on cutting-edge subjects in sociologyto provide future directions in teaching and research.1 From Modernization to Globalization: Perspectives on Development and SocialChange edited by J. Timmons Roberts and Amy Hite2 Aging and Everyday Life edited by Jaber F. Gubrium and James A. Holstein3 Popula
4、r Culture: Production and Consumption edited by C. Lee Harringtonand Denise D. Bielby4 Self and Society edited by Ann Branaman5 Qualitative Research Methods edited by Darin Weinberg6 Cultural Sociology edited by Lyn Spillman7 Sexuality and Gender edited by Christine L. Williams and Arlene Stein8 Rea
5、dings in Economic Sociology edited by Nicole Woolsey Biggart9 Classical Sociological Theory edited by Craig Calhoun, Joseph Gerteis,James Moody, Steven Pfaff, Kathryn Schmidt, and Indermohan Virk10 Contemporary Sociological Theory edited by Craig Calhoun, JosephGerteis, James Moody, Steven Pfaff, an
6、d Indermohan VirkForthcoming:Social Movements edited by Jeff Goodwin and James JasperReadings in Economic SociologyEdited byNicole Woolsey BiggartCopyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2002First published 20022 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1Blackwell Publishers Inc.350 Main StreetMalden, Massachusetts 02148USABlack
7、well Publishers Ltd108 Cowley RoadOxford OX4 1JFUKAll rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, nopart of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or byany means, electronic, mechanical,
8、photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permissionof the publisher.Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way oftrade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publishers prior cons
9、entin any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar conditionincluding this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataISBN 0-631-22861-6 (hardback); 0-631-22862-4 (paperback)British Library Cata
10、loguing in Publication DataA CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.Typeset in 10 on 12pt Sabonby Graphicraft Limited, Hong KongPrinted in Great Britain by TJ International, Padstow, CornwallThis book is printed on acid-free paper.ContentsList of Contributors viiAck
11、nowledgments xPreface xiiPart I Foundational Statements 1Introduction 31 An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations 6Of the Division of Labour 6Of the Principle which Gives Occasion to the Division of Labour 11Of the Natural and Market Price of Commodities 14Adam Smith2 Grundriss
12、e: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy 18Selections from the Chapter on Capital 18Karl Marx3 Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology 24Economic Action 24Religious Ethics and Economic Rationality 25The Market: Its Impersonality and Ethic 29Class, Status, Party 33Max Web
13、er4 The Great Transformation 38Societies and Economic Systems 38Evolution of the Market Pattern 48The Self-Regulating Market and the Fictitious Commodities:Labor, Land, and Money 58Karl PolanyiPart II Economic Action 63Introduction 655 Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem ofEmbeddedness
14、 69Mark Granovetter6 Making Markets: Opportunism and Restraint on Wall Street 94Homo Economicus Unbound: Bond Traders on Wall Street 94Mitchel Y. Abolafiavi CONTENTS7 Auctions: The Social Construction of Value 112The Search for a Fair Price 112Charles Smith8 The Structural Sources of Adventurism: Th
15、e Case of the California Gold Rush 133Gary G. Hamilton9 The Separative Self: Androcentric Bias in Neoclassical Assumptions 154Paula EnglandPart III Capitalist States and Globalizing Markets 169Introduction 17110 Webers Last Theory of Capitalism 175Randall Collins11 Markets as Politics: A Political-C
16、ultural Approach to Market Institutions 197Neil Fligstein12 Rethinking Capitalism 219Fred Block13 Developing Difference: Social Organization and the Rise of the Auto Industries of South Korea, Taiwan, Spain, and Argentina 231Nicole Woolsey Biggart and Mauro F. Guilln14 Learning from Collaboration: K
17、nowledge and Networks in the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries 262Walter W. PowellPart IV Economic Culture and the Culture of the Economy 275Introduction 27715 The Forms of Capital 280Pierre Bourdieu16 Money, Meaning, and Morality 292Bruce G. Carruthers and Wendy Nelson Espeland17 The Soci
18、al Meaning of Money 315The Domestic Production of Monies 315Viviana A. Zelizer18 Opposing Ambitions: Gender and Identity in an Alternative Organization 331Money as Moral Currency 331Sherryl Kleinman19 Greening the Economy from the Bottom up? Lessons inConsumption from the Energy Case 345Loren Lutzen
19、hiserIndex 357The ContributorsMitchel Y. Abolafia is Associate Professor in the Rockefeller College of Public Affairsat the University at Albany, SUNY. He is the author of Making Markets: Oppor-tunism and Restraint on Wall Street (1996). His current work examines decisionmaking at the Federal Reserv
20、e Board.Nicole Woolsey Biggart is Professor of Management and Sociology at theUniversity of California, Davis. She has written about the economic uses of socialrelations in various settings including direct selling, Asian business groups, and inpeer lending groups. She is the author of Charismatic C
21、apitalism: Direct Selling in America (1989) and co-author with Marco Orr and Gary Hamilton of TheEconomic Organization of East Asian Capitalism (1997).Fred Block is Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Davis. He haswritten widely in economic and political sociology; his books incl
22、ude The VampireState, Postindustrial Possibilities (1996) and The Origins of International EconomicDisorder (1977).Pierre Bourdieu is a French anthropologist and sociologist who worked extensivelyin Algeria before becoming Professor of Sociology at the Collge de France. AmongBourdieus many works are
23、 The Algerians (1962) and The Logic of Practice (1990).Bruce G. Carruthers teaches in the sociology department at NorthwesternUniversity. His books include City of Capital: Politics and Markets in the EnglishFinancial Revolution (1996), Rescuing Business: The Making of Corporate Bank-ruptcy Law in E
24、ngland and the United States (1998), and Economy/Society: Markets,Meanings, and Social Structure (1999).Randall Collins is Professor of Sociology at the University of Pennsylvania. He is aleading social theorist of macro-historical processes of social and economic change.He is the author of Conflict
25、 Sociology (1975), Weberian Sociological Theory(1986), and many other works.Paula England is Professor of Sociology at the University of Pennsylvania. Her schol-arship focuses on gender inequality in the labor market and the family, and she isa leading contributor to dialogue between sociologists, e
26、conomists, and feminists.Wendy Nelson Espeland is Associate Professor of Sociology at NorthwesternUniversity. Her works, including The Struggle for Water: Rationality, Politics andIdentity in the American Southwest (1998), address what it means to different groupsto be rational, and how this affects
27、 politics.viii THE CONTRIBUTORSNeil Fligstein is the Class of 1939 Chancellors Professor in the Department of Sociologyat the University of California. He has done important empirical and theoretical workin economic sociology, including The Transformation of Corporate Control (1990)and most recently
28、 The Architecture of Markets (forthcoming).Mark Granovetter, Professor of Sociology at Stanford University, is a specialist ineconomic sociology and social networks. His work examines how people and organ-izations, not only products and technology, influence the structure of industries.Mauro F. Guil
29、ln is Associate Professor of Management and of Sociology at theUniversity of Pennsylvania. His most recent book, The Limits of Convergence (2001),compares organizational change and responses to globalization in Argentina, SouthKorea, and Spain.Gary G. Hamilton is Professor of Sociology and a member
30、of the International StudiesFaculty of the Henry M. Jackson School of International Relations at the Universityof Washington, Seattle. He has written widely on the economic structure of EastAsia and is well known for his Weberian analyses of social and economic life.Sherryl Kleinman teaches sociolog
31、y at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.Her most recent book is Opposing Ambitions: Gender and Identity in an AlternativeOrganization (1996). She has published widely on symbolic interactionism, socio-logy of emotions, fieldwork, gender, and inequality.Loren Lutzenhiser is Professor of So
32、ciology and Rural Sociology at Washington StateUniversity. A leading environmental sociologist, his work focuses at the intersectionof technology, culture, and policy.Karl Marx was a leading nineteenth-century European intellectual whose ideas werethe basis for socialist movements around the world.
33、His critical writings on capit-alism include his masterwork, Capital (1867).Karl Polanyi was an economic historian who emigrated from Eastern Europe to the US and later Canada. He is best remembered for The Great Transformation(1957). Among other works he authored Trade and Markets in Early Empires
34、(1957)with K. Conrad, K. Arensburg, and H. W. Pearson; Primitive, Archaic and ModernEconomics: Essays of Karl Polanyi (1968); and The Livelihood of Man (1977) withH. W. Pearson.Walter W. Powell is Professor of Education and Affiliated Professor of Sociology,Public Policy, and International Studies a
35、t Stanford University, where he is also direc-tor of SCANCOR. His writings examine the importance of institutions and networksin social and economic life.Adam Smith was an eighteenth-century Scottish Enlightenment political economistand philosopher. In addition to writing his famous book An Inquiry
36、into the Natureand Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), he was author of Theory of MoralTHE CONTRIBUTORS ixSentiments (1761). The latter work was about standards of ethical conduct neces-sary for social order, with emphasis on the general harmony of human motives andactivities under a beneficent
37、providence.Charles Smith is Professor of Sociology at Queens College and the Graduate Centerof the City University of New York. His research for the last 40 years has focusedon auctions and financial markets. In addition to Auctions: The Social Constructionof Value (1989), he is author of Success an
38、d Survival on Wall Street: Understandingthe Mind of the Market (1999) and Market Values in American Higher Education:The Pitfalls and Promises (2000).Max Weber was educated at the universities of Heidelberg, Berlin, and Gttingen.A jurist in Berlin, he subsequently held professorships in economics at
39、 the univers-ities of Freiburg (1894), Heidelberg (1897), and Munich (1919). He was editor ofthe Archiv fr Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik, the German sociology journal,and is remembered especially for The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism(1905), and his encyclopedic work, Economy a
40、nd Society (1978).Viviana A. Zelizer, Professor of Sociology at Princeton University since 1988, spe-cializes in the study of economic processes, historical analysis, and childhood. Shehas published books on the development of life insurance, the changing economicand sentimental value of children in
41、 the United States, and the place of money insocial life. Recently, she has been examining the interplay between monetary trans-fers and different sorts of social relations.AcknowledgmentsThe editor and publishers wish to thank the following for permission to use copy-right material:American Sociolo
42、gical Association for Neil Fligstein, “Markets as Politics: APolitical-Cultural Approach to Market Institutions,” American SociologicalReview, 61 (1996) pp. 65673; Nicole Woolsey Biggart and Mauro F. Guillen,“Developing Difference: Social Organization and the Rise of the Auto Industriesof South Kore
43、a, Taiwan, Spain, and Argentina,” American Sociological Review,(1999) pp. 72247; and with Cambridge University Press for modificationsincluded in Randall Collins, Weberian Sociological Theory (1986) pp. 1944 forRandall Collins, “Webers Last Theory of Capitalism,” American SociologicalReview, 45 (198
44、0).Fred Block for Deconstructing Capitalism as a System.The Free Press, a Division of Simon Gary G. Hamilton, “The Structural Sources of Adven-turism: The Case of the California Gold Rush,” American Journal of Sociology,83:6 (1978) pp. 146690; Paula England, “The Separative Self: Androcentric Bias i
45、n Neoclassical Assumptions” in Beyond Economic Man: Feminist Theoryand Economics, eds Marianne A. Ferber and Julie A. Nelson (1993) pp. 3753; andmaterial from Sherryl Kleinman, Opposing Ambitions: Gender and Identity in anAlternative Organization (1996) pp. 1232, 1414.Every effort has been made to t
46、race copyright holders and to obtain their permis-sion for the use of copyright material. The authors and publishers will gladly receiveany information enabling them to rectify any error or omission in subsequent editions.PrefaceWe all experience the economy when making decisions to buy, to sell, to
47、 scrimp, orto borrow. When we purchase clothes, pay income tax, sell an old car, save for tuition,or give a gift, we participate in the economy. Economic activity is part of daily lifewhen we shop and save, but also when we donate goods and even when we growa vegetable garden. The economy is an impo
48、rtant part of the social encounters ofall people, whether poor or rich, living in an advanced industrial society or a prim-itive one. While not all people experience daily and directly the force of government,or religion, or educational institutions, they are all involved each day in economicactivit
49、y of one form or another.Sociologists have begun to recognize that this important sphere of activity is crit-ical to understand in its own right, and also because it is so caught up with otherrealms of social life. Indeed, it is hard to have a full understanding of religion, orpolitics, or family, without understanding how each is connected to the economy.For example, religious ideas may support an ascetic orientation toward material lifeand encourage an anticonsumption environmentalism. Religious beliefs may requireregular tithing, or encourage contributions of time an
