1、 Introductory Tutorial Contents Section pg Contents 1Simulation Basics 1 Tour / Overview 17 Schematic Design Wizard 20 Design Development Wizard 67 Detailed Interface 80 Energy Efficiency Measures Wizard 91 Parametric Runs 97 Graphical Reports 119 Detailed Reports 138 Copyright 2003 James J. Hirsch.
2、 All rights reserved. eQUEST is a registered trademark of James J. Hirsch. blank intentionally Introductory Tutorial, revised 28 Oct 2003, version 3.40 eQUEST Introductory Tutorial Simulation Basics Simulation Basics EEM Wizard Graphical Reports Detailed Reports Simulation Basics Tour Schematic Wiza
3、rd DD Wizard Detailed Interface The reader who is already familiar with building energy use simulation may wish to skip this section, and continue this tutorial at the next section (Tour). For the reader who is new to the use of building energy use simulation, this section provides an overview from
4、a “how-to“ perspective. Two other Energy Design Resources (EDR) publications will also be very helpful to the new simulation practitioner, providing an overview and a perspective of the role simulation plays in the energy-efficient design process. Both are highly recommended and are briefly describe
5、d below and on the next page. Integrated Energy Design Todays building designers must view their design responsibilities from a much broader, even global, perspective. From operating costs, to energy efficiency, to broader issues of sustainability, the quality of building design decisions can only b
6、e as good as the information entering the design process, i.e., the performance levels our building design projects ultimately realize is a function of how well informed our design decisions are. “Globally Optimum” Building Designproject performance = f(informed decisions)OperatingCostsEnergyUseEnvi
7、ronmentalImpactsThe EDR Design Brief, Integrated Energy Design, uses examples to describe the “whole-systems“ design process necessary to realize the full potential of energy-efficient buildings. Simulation provides the performance information critical to the “whole-systems“ energy-efficient buildin
8、g design process. The Integrated Energy Design EDR Design Brief is available on-line or via free download (PDF file) at: http:/ Introductory Tutorial, page 1 of 142 Simulation Basics eQUEST Introductory Tutorial Background Information Simulation Basics Tour Schematic Wizard DD Wizard Detailed Interf
9、ace EEM Wizard Graphical Reports Detailed Reports Building Simulation In recent years, the remarkable gains in desktop computing power and simulation tool technology have placed unprecedented analytical power literally at the finger tips of building design professionals. Building designers and devel
10、opers can now take their intended building designs for a “test drive“ before “signing on the dotted line“, something previously only possible under the most generous design budgets. Additional introductory background to building energy use simulation is available in an EDR Design Brief entitled Buil
11、ding Simulation. Using examples, it describes what simulation is, how it can be used to greatest advantage, what simulation tools are widely used, and where to go to obtain them or more information about them. The EDR Building Simulation Design Brief is available on-line or via free download (PDF fi
12、le) at: http:/ page 2 of 142, Introductory Tutorial eQUEST Introductory Tutorial Simulation Basics eQUEST = “DOE-2“ + Wizards + Graphics Simulation Basics Tour Schematic Wizard DD Wizard Detailed Interface EEM Wizard Graphical Reports Detailed Reports DOE-2-derived engine in eQUEST DOE-2 is the most
13、 widely recognized and respected building energy analysis program in use today. Although DOE-2 was first released in the late 1970s, it used as starting points earlier simulation tools and methods developed and funded by ASHRAE, NASA, the U.S. Postal Service, and the electric and gas utility industr
14、ies. During the first half of the 1980s, it continued under DOE support, but decreasing national concern about energy created the need for industry support, which became its principal source of support through much of the 1990s. Through this long, and collaborative history, DOE-2 has been widely rev
15、iewed and validated in the public domain. The simulation “engine“ within eQUEST is derived from the latest official version of DOE-2, however, eQUESTs engine extends and expands DOE-2s capabilities in several important ways, including: interactive operation, dynamic/intelligent defaults, and improve
16、ments to numerous long-standing shortcomings in DOE-2 that have limited its use by mainstream designers and buildings professionals. eQUEST and Integrated Energy Design While DOE-2 has long been available for designers to “test drive“ the energy performance of their building designs, it has been too
17、 difficult and expensive to use for most projects. Imagine instead, a building energy simulation tool so comprehensive that it would be useful to ALL design team members, yet so intuitive ANY design team member could use it, in ANY or ALL design phases, including schematic design. eQUEST is well nam
18、ed because it provides something the buildings industry has been looking for, but until now has been unable to find a sophisticated, yet easy-to-use building energy analysis tool powerful enough to address every design team members domain (e.g., architectural, lighting, mechanical) but simple enough
19、 to permit a collaborative effort by ALL design team members in ALL design phases. eQUEST was designed to allow you to perform detailed analysis of todays state-of-the-art building technologies using todays most sophisticated building energy use simulation techniques without requiring extensive expe
20、rience in the “art“ of building performance modeling. This is possible because eQUESTs DOE-2-derived engine is combined with a building creation wizard, an energy efficiency measure wizard, industry standard input defaults, and a graphical results display module. eQUEST will step you through the cre
21、ation of a detailed building model, allow you to automatically perform parametric simulations of your design alternatives and provide you with intuitive graphics that compare the performance of your design alternatives. Reliable detailed simulation has never been easier. With eQUEST, youll be able t
22、o provide professional-level results in an affordable level of effort. Imagine being able to evaluate todays newest building technologies, at the speed of todays design process. Well imagine no longer! Introductory Tutorial, page 3 of 142 Simulation Basics eQUEST Introductory Tutorial Overview of th
23、e Process Simulation Basics Tour Schematic Wizard DD Wizard Detailed Interface EEM Wizard Graphical Reports Detailed Reports eQUEST calculates hour-by-hour building energy consumption over an entire year (8760 hours) using hourly weather data for the location under consideration. Input to the progra
24、m consists of a detailed description of the building being analyzed, including hourly scheduling of occupants, lighting, equipment, and thermostat settings. eQUEST provides very accurate simulation of such building features as shading, fenestration, interior building mass, envelope building mass, an
25、d the dynamic response of differing heating and air conditioning system types and controls. eQUEST also contains a dynamic daylighting model to assess the effect of natural lighting on thermal and lighting demands. The simulation process begins by developing a “model“ of the building based on buildi
26、ng plans and specifications. A base line building model that assumes a minimum level of efficiency (e.g., minimally compliant with California Title24 or ASHRAE 90.1) is then developed to provide the base from which energy savings are estimated. Alternative analyses are made by making changes to the
27、model that correspond to efficiency measures that could be implemented in the building. These alternative analyses result in annual utility consumption and cost savings for the efficiency measure that can then be used to determine simple payback, life-cycle cost, etc. for the measure and, ultimately
28、, to determine the best combination of alternatives. page 4 of 142, Introductory Tutorial eQUEST Introductory Tutorial Simulation Basics Building Blocks of Simulation Simulation Basics Tour Schematic Wizard DD Wizard Detailed Interface EEM Wizard Graphical Reports Detailed Reports Building simulatio
29、n requires that a model of the proposed building be created not a physical model but a virtual model capable of simulating the important thermodynamics of the proposed building. Experienced modelers learn to prize parsimony in their work elegant simplicity capturing the essential details, and no mor
30、e. Great minds, in addition to yours, have come to appreciate this aspiration “make things as simple as possible, and no simpler“ (Albert Einstein). Toward that end, the following list summarizes essential components, steps, or building blocks, in a how-to description of the process of simulation mo
31、deling. Before “building“ anything, including your simulation model, first consider and collect the following Analysis Objectives (Begin with the End in Mind) Try to approach your simulation model with a clear understanding of the design questions you wish to answer using your simulation model. Simp
32、lifications that you build into your model will both unclutter your model so you can focus on the important issues and at the same time, limit the questions you can use your model to answer. Experience will teach you how best to strike this important balance for each new project. null null Building
33、Site Information and Weather Data Important building site characteristics include latitude, longitude and elevation, plus information about adjacent structure or landscape capable of casting significant shadows on your proposed (or existing) building. Your eQUEST CD (or download) comes with long-ter
34、m average weather data (30-year average) for the sixteen standard climate zones in California. For users outside of California, over 650 weather files are available via automatic download (as-needed). Some international locations are also available. Visit http:/DOE to browse available eQUEST weather
35、 locations. Building Shell, Structure, Materials, and Shades eQUEST is interested in the walls, roof, and floor of your proposed building only in so far as they transfer or store heat (or “coolth“). You will need to have some idea of the geometry (dimensions) and construction materials of each of th
36、e heat transfer surfaces in your proposed building. Only the most significant need be included (e.g., many modelers omit parapet walls or walls inclosing unconditioned spaces since they do not directly enclose conditioned space). This will include glass properties of windows and the dimensions of an
37、y window shades (e.g., overhangs and fins). eQUEST provides users with simple, user-friendly, choices for each of these. null Introductory Tutorial, page 5 of 142 Simulation Basics eQUEST Introductory Tutorial Building Blocks of Simulation (continued) null null Simulation Basics Tour Schematic Wizar
38、d DD Wizard Detailed Interface EEM Wizard Graphical Reports Detailed Reports Building Operations and Scheduling A clear understanding of the schedule of operation of the existing or proposed building is important to the overall accuracy of your simulation model. This includes information about when
39、building occupancy begins and ends (times, days of the week, and seasonal variations such as for schools), occupied indoor thermostat setpoints, and HVAC and internal equipment operations schedules. eQUEST defaults operations schedule information based on building type. Internal Loads Heat gain from
40、 internal loads (e.g., people, lights, and equipment) can constitute a significant portion of the utility requirements in large buildings, both from their direct power requirements and the indirect effect they have on cooling and heating requirements. In fact, internal loads can frequently make larg
41、e buildings relatively insensitive to weather. More importantly, the performance of almost all energy-efficient design alternatives will be impacted either directly or indirectly by the amount of internal load within a building. Although eQUEST contains reasonable defaults by building type, the expe
42、rienced user will take care to estimate these as carefully as possible. The industry standard source for these data is the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals (published every four years), available through ASHRAE at www.ashrae.org. Recent research into this important topic also is available from LBNL v
43、ia http:/eetd.lbl.gov/EA/Buildings/PubsList. HVAC Equipment and Performance Few model components will have as much influence on overall building energy use and the performance of most energy-efficient design alternatives as will the HVAC (Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning) equipment. It fol
44、lows that good information regarding HVAC equipment efficiency will be important to the accuracy of any energy use simulation. eQUEST assumes default HVAC equipment efficiencies according to Californias Title 24 energy standard. Where possible, equipment efficiencies specific to each analysis should
45、 be obtained, e.g., from the building design engineers or directly from equipment manufactures. Most HVAC equipment manufactures now publish equipment performance data on their web sites. Additionally, detailed equipment performance data is also available to the public from the Air-Conditioning and
46、Refrigeration Institute (ARI) via http:/www.ari.org/directories/ and from the California Energy Commission (CEC) via http:/www.energy.ca.gov/efficiency/appliances/index.html. null page 6 of 142, Introductory Tutorial eQUEST Introductory Tutorial Simulation Basics Building Blocks of Simulation (conti
47、nued) Detailed Interface EEM Wizard Graphical Reports Detailed Reports Simulation Basics Tour Schematic Wizard DD Wizard Utility Rates A great strength of detailed energy use simulation using eQUEST is the ability to predict hourly electrical demand profiles that can then be coupled with full detail
48、s of the applicable utility rates (tariffs). eQUEST comes with the principal residential and commercial electric and natural gas rates from the sponsoring California utilities. For California locations (weather file selections), eQUEST defaults the rate selection depending on climate zone and on est
49、imated peak electrical demand. Users outside California must create their own utility rate descriptions using eQUESTs DOE-2-derived Building Description Language (BDL) and save these descriptions as text files for eQUESTs use. The syntax and structure of BDL utility rate files is explained in a file named “BDL Utility Rate Documentation.pdf“ found in the “C:Program FileseQUESTR
