1、 奥巴马 开罗大学演讲： 美与 穆斯林 世界应有新开端 美国总统巴拉克奥巴马 6 月 4 日在埃及开罗大学发表讲话，阐明美国致力于寻求与穆斯林国家关系的新开端。 翻译 由美国国际信息局（ IIP）提供 。 I am honored to be in the timeless city of Cairo, and to be hosted by two remarkable institutions. For over a thousand years, Al-Azhar has stood as a beacon of Islamic learning, and for over a cent
2、ury, Cairo University has been a source of Egypts advancement. Together, you represent the harmony between tradition and progress. I am grateful for your hospitality, and the hospitality of the people of Egypt. I am also proud to carry with me the goodwill of the American people, and a greeting of p
3、eace from Muslim communities in my country: assalaamu alaykum. 非常感谢你们。下午好。我荣幸地来到永恒的开罗古城，荣幸地受到两所著名学府的邀请。爱资哈尔 (Al-Azhar)一千多年来一直是一座伊斯兰学术的灯塔，开罗大学 (Cairo University)一百多年来一直是埃及发展的源泉。你们并肩而立，象征着传统与进步的和谐共进。我对你们的盛情邀请，对埃及人民的盛情邀请表示感谢。我也自豪地带来美国人民的友好情谊，带来我国穆斯林民众的平安问候： “ Assalaamu alaykum.”（ “愿你平安。 “） We meet at a
4、 time of tension between the United States and Muslims around the world - tension rooted in historical forces that go beyond any current policy debate. The relationship between Islam and the West includes centuries of co-existence and cooperation, but also conflict and religious wars. More recently,
5、 tension has been fed by colonialism that denied rights and opportunities to many Muslims, and a Cold War in which Muslim-majority countries were too often treated as proxies without regard to their own aspirations. Moreover, the sweeping change brought by modernity and globalization led many Muslim
6、s to view the West as hostile to the traditions of Islam. 我们相聚在美国和穆斯林世界之间关系十分紧张的时期这种紧张关系的历史根源 远远超出了当前的任何政策辩论。伊斯兰教与西方世界之间的关系史既包括好几个世纪的共存与合作，也包括 冲突和宗教战争。在近代，剥夺众多穆斯林权利和机会的殖民主义，以及穆斯林占主体的国家往往被视为傀儡、对其自身意愿鲜有顾及的冷战，加剧了这种紧张。此外，奥巴马 开罗大学演讲： 美与 穆斯林 世界应有新开端 现代化和全球化带来的巨大变化致使很多穆斯林将西方视为伊斯兰传统的敌人。 Violent extremists h
7、ave exploited these tensions in a small but potent minority of Muslims. The attacks of September 11th, 2001 and the continued efforts of these extremists to engage in violence against civilians has led some in my country to view Islam as inevitably hostile not only to America and Western countries,
8、but also to human rights. This has bred more fear and mistrust. 暴力极端主义分子利用这种紧张关系煽动穆斯林世界为数不多但很有影响的少数派。 9.11袭击事件以及这些极端主义分子不断对平民百姓采用暴力的行径使得我们国家中的一些人认为，伊斯兰教注定不仅与美国和西方国 家，而且与人权为敌。所有这一切导致滋生出更多的恐惧，更多的不信任。 So long as our relationship is defined by our differences, we will empower those who sow hatred rather
9、 than peace, and who promote conflict rather than the cooperation that can help all of our people achieve justice and prosperity. This cycle of suspicion and discord must end. 只要我们之间的关系定位于我们的分歧，我们就会让那些播种仇恨而不是和平，宣扬冲突而不是合作的人得势，而合作会帮助将正义与繁荣带给所有人。我们必须打破这种怀疑与不和的恶性循环。 I have come here to seek a new beginn
10、ing between the United States and Muslims around the world; one based upon mutual interest and mutual respect; and one based upon the truth that America and Islam are not exclusive, and need not be in competition. Instead, they overlap, and share common principles - principles of justice and progres
11、s; tolerance and the dignity of all human beings. 我来到这里是要在美国和穆斯林世界之间寻求一种以共同利益和相互尊重为基点的新开端基于美国和伊斯兰教并不相互排斥、不必相互竞争的真情。不仅如此，它们相互重合，拥有一些共同原则公正与进步的原则；容忍与全人类都有尊严的原则。 I do so recognizing that change cannot happen overnight. No single speech can eradicate years of mistrust, nor can I answer in the time that
12、I have all the complex questions that brought us to this point. But I am convinced that in order to move forward, we must say openly the things we hold in our hearts, and that too often are said only behind closed doors. There must be a sustained effort to listen to each other; to learn from each ot
13、her; to respect one another; and to seek common ground. As the Holy Koran tells us, “Be conscious of God and speak always the truth.“ That is what I will try to do - to speak the truth as best I can, humbled by the task before us, and firm in my belief that the interests we share as human beings are
14、 far more powerful than the forces that drive us apart. 我认识到，变化不会发生于一夜之间。一次讲话不可能排除多年来的不信任，我也不可能在我有限的 时间里应答迄今摆到我们面前的所有复杂问题。但是我深信，为了向前推进，我们必须公开说出内心深处的话，但我们往往关起门来才说这些话。这必须成为相互倾听、相互学习、相互尊重并寻求共同之处的持久努力。古兰经 (Holy Koran)教诲我们： “明记真主，永吐真言。 “这就是我将在今天努力做到的尽最大努力说实话，兢兢业业面对使命，坚信我们同为人类的共同利益远比给我们造成隔阂的力量强大得多。 奥巴马 开罗
15、大学演讲： 美与 穆斯林 世界应有新开端 Part of this conviction is rooted in my own experience. I am a Christian, but my father came from a Kenyan family that includes generations of Muslims. As a boy, I spent several years in Indonesia and heard the call of the azaan at the break of dawn and the fall of dusk. As a yo
16、ung man, I worked in Chicago communities where many found dignity and peace in their Muslim faith. 这种信念一部分来源于我个人的经历。我是基督教徒。我父亲来自肯尼亚一个数代穆斯林家庭。我小时候在印度尼西亚生活过几年，听到过宣礼 塔在破晓和日落时刻的召唤。我年轻时在芝加哥的社区工作，那里有很多人从他们的穆斯林信仰中找到了尊严与安宁。 As a student of history, I also know civilizations debt to Islam. It was Islam - at
17、places like Al-Azhar University - that carried the light of learning through so many centuries, paving the way for Europes Renaissance and Enlightenment. It was innovation in Muslim communities that developed the order of algebra; our magnetic compass and tools of navigation; our mastery of pens and
18、 printing; our understanding of how disease spreads and how it can be healed. Islamic culture has given us majestic arches and soaring spires; timeless poetry and cherished music; elegant calligraphy and places of peaceful contemplation. And throughout history, Islam has demonstrated through words a
19、nd deeds the possibilities of religious tolerance and racial equality. 作为一个研读历史的人，我还知道伊斯兰教对文明的重大贡献。正是伊斯兰教在爱资哈尔这样的地方让学术之光照亮了一个又一个世纪，为欧洲的文艺复兴和启蒙运动铺平了道路。穆斯林群体不断创新，发明了代数学；磁性罗盘仪和导航工具；掌握了书写与印刷术；使我们了解了疾病的传播与治疗方式。伊斯兰文化为我们创造了雄伟的拱顶和高耸的尖塔；永恒的诗篇和美妙的音乐；遒劲的书法和瞑思静想之所。纵观历史，伊斯兰教以言词和行动揭示了 宗教容忍与种族平等的可能。 I know, too, t
20、hat Islam has always been a part of Americas story. The first nation to recognize my country was Morocco. In signing the Treaty of Tripoli in 1796, our second President John Adams wrote, “The United States has in itself no character of enmity against the laws, religion or tranquility of Muslims.“ An
21、d since our founding, American Muslims have enriched the United States. They have fought in our wars, served in government, stood for civil rights, started businesses, taught at our Universities, excelled in our sports arenas, won Nobel Prizes, built our tallest building, and lit the Olympic Torch.
22、And when the first Muslim-American was recently elected to Congress, he took the oath to defend our Constitution using the same Holy Koran that one of our Founding Fathers - Thomas Jefferson - kept in his personal library. 我也知道，伊斯兰教一直是美国历程的一个组成部分。第一个承认我的国家的是摩洛哥。我国第二任总统约翰亚当斯 (John Adams)在 1796 年签署的黎波
23、里条约 (Treaty of Tripoli)时写道， “美国自身对穆斯林的法律、宗教或安宁绝无任何敌意 “。自我国建国以来，美国穆斯林使美国丰富多姿。他们为国作战，担任公职，为民权奋斗，创办企业，在高等院校任教，在体育场上出类拔萃，赢得诺贝尔奖，建造我国最高建筑，点燃奥林匹克火炬。当第一位当选国会议员的美国穆斯林在宣誓捍卫我国宪法时， 他手抚的是来自我国建国先父之一托马斯杰斐逊 (Thomas Jefferson)私人图书馆藏书的那本古兰经。 So I have known Islam on three continents before coming to the region where
24、 it was first revealed. That experience guides my conviction that partnership between America and Islam 奥巴马 开罗大学演讲： 美与 穆斯林 世界应有新开端 must be based on what Islam is, not what it isnt. And I consider it part of my responsibility as President of the United States to fight against negative stereotypes of
25、Islam wherever they appear. 因此，在来到伊斯兰教的最初降示之地以前，我已经在三大洲了解了伊斯兰教。这段经历使我确信不疑，美国和伊斯兰教的伙伴关系必须基于真实的伊斯兰教，而不是那些不实之词。身为美国总统，我认为我的职责之一是随时驳斥对伊斯兰教的消极成见。 But that same principle must apply to Muslim perceptions of America. Just as Muslims do not fit a crude stereotype, America is not the crude stereotype of a se
26、lf-interested empire. The United States has been one of the greatest sources of progress that the world has ever known. We were born out of revolution against an empire. We were founded upon the ideal that all are created equal, and we have shed blood and struggled for centuries to give meaning to t
27、hose words - within our borders, and around the world. We are shaped by every culture, drawn from every end of the Earth, and dedicated to a simple concept: E pluribus unum: “Out of many, one.“ 然而，同样的原则也必须适用于穆斯林对美国的态度。就像穆斯林不是一个模子里刻出来的一样，美国也不能被用妄自尊大的帝国模子定型。美国是世界历来所知的最伟大的发展源泉之一。我 的国家是在反抗一个帝国的斗争中诞生的。我们
28、的建国理念是人人平等。几个世纪以来，我们不惜流血奋斗，实现那些话的含义在我国国内，以及在世界各地。我们受到来自地球四面八方的各种文化的影响，但笃信一个简单的理念：合众为一 (E pluribus unum)。 Much has been made of the fact that an African-American with the name Barack Hussein Obama could be elected President. But my personal story is not so unique. The dream of opportunity for all peo
29、ple has not come true for everyone in America, but its promise exists for all who come to our shores - that includes nearly seven million American Muslims in our country today who enjoy incomes and education that are higher than average. 对一个名叫巴拉克侯赛因奥巴马的非洲裔美国人能够当选美国总统这一点已经议论繁多。但我的个人经历并不是那么独特。虽然人人都有机会
30、的这个理想还没有在美国每一个人身上实现，但对于登陆我国的所有人来说，这个希望是存在的其中包括属于我国今天 80 多个族裔群体的近 700 万美国穆斯林。实际上，美国穆斯林的收入及教育水平超过了我国的平均线。 Moreover, freedom in America is indivisible from the freedom to practice ones religion. That is why there is a mosque in every state of our union, and over 1,200 mosques within our borders. That i
31、s why the U.S. government has gone to court to protect the right of women and girls to wear the hijab, and to punish those who would deny it. 而且，美国的自由与信奉宗教的自由密不可分。这就是为什么清真寺遍及我们合众国的每个州，在我们境内有着 1200 多座清真寺。这就是为什么美国政府为保护妇女和女童戴头巾的权利和为了惩罚那些想剥夺这项权利的人而诉诸司法手段。 So let there be no doubt: Islam is a part of Ame
32、rica. And I believe that America holds within her the truth that regardless of race, religion, or station in life, all of us share common aspirations - to live in peace and security; to get an education and to work with dignity; to love our families, our communities, and our God. These things we sha
33、re. This is the hope of all humanity. 奥巴马 开罗大学演讲： 美与 穆斯林 世界应有新开端 所以，毋庸置疑：伊斯兰是美国的一部分。我认为美国自身坚信这样一个真理：我们大家，无论种族、宗教或生活地位，都有着共同的理想和平安全地生活；受教育和有尊严地工作；热爱我们的家庭、我们的社区、我们的神主。这些是我们共享的东西。它 是全人类的希望。 Of course, recognizing our common humanity is only the beginning of our task. Words alone cannot meet the needs o
34、f our people. These needs will be met only if we act boldly in the years ahead; and if we understand that the challenges we face are shared, and our failure to meet them will hurt us all. 当然，认识到我们共同的人性还只是我们使命的开始。仅凭言语无法满足我们人民的需要。要做到满足这些需要，我们必须在今后的年月里大胆行动，我们必须理解，全世界人民面临的种种挑战是共同的，不能应对这些挑战将使我们所有人受害。 For
35、 we have learned from recent experience that when a financial system weakens in one country, prosperity is hurt everywhere. When a new flu infects one human being, all are at risk. When one nation pursues a nuclear weapon, the risk of nuclear attack rises for all nations. When violent extremists ope
36、rate in one stretch of mountains, people are endangered across an ocean. And when innocents in Bosnia and Darfur are slaughtered, that is a stain on our collective conscience. That is what it means to share this world in the 21st century. That is the responsibility we have to one another as human be
37、ings. 我们已经懂得，当一个国家的金融体系衰弱时，世界各地的繁荣都受损害。当一种新流感感染了一个人时，对所有人都有威胁。当一个国家寻求核武器时，所有国家都面临核袭击的更大危害。当暴力极端分子在一个山区活动时，大洋彼岸的人受到威胁。当波斯尼亚和达尔富尔无辜的人民遭屠杀时，它给我们大家的良心 留下污点。这就是在 21 世纪共享世界的含义。这就是我们作为人类相互具有的责任。 This is a difficult responsibility to embrace. For human history has often been a record of nations and tribes s
38、ubjugating one another to serve their own interests. Yet in this new age, such attitudes are self-defeating. Given our interdependence, any world order that elevates one nation or group of people over another will inevitably fail. So whatever we think of the past, we must not be prisoners of it. Our
39、 problems must be dealt with through partnership; progress must be shared. 这是一项艰难的责任；人类的历史常常是国家、部落甚至宗教为自身利益征服他方的历史。然而，在这个新时代，那种心态是自我消损。任何旨在让某一国家或某一群体提高地位的世界秩序都将注定失败。因此，无论我们如何看待过去，我们绝不成为它的俘虏。我们的种种问题必须通过合作方式来处理，我们必须分享进步。 That does not mean we should ignore sources of tension. Indeed, it suggests the o
40、pposite: we must face these tensions squarely. And so in that spirit, let me speak as clearly and plainly as I can about some specific issues that I believe we must finally confront together. 这并不意味着我们应忽视紧张关系的来源。恰恰相反，它需要我们必须严正面对。本着这一精神，请让我尽力明确和直率地谈谈某些我认为我们最终必须共同面对的具体问题。 奥巴马 开罗大学演讲： 美与 穆斯林 世界应有新开端 The
41、 first issue that we have to confront is violent extremism in all of its forms. 我们必须面对的第一个问题是一切形式的极端主义。 In Ankara, I made clear that America is not - and never will be - at war with Islam. We will, however, relentlessly confront violent extremists who pose a grave threat to our security. Because we
42、reject the same thing that people of all faiths reject: the killing of innocent men, women, and children. And it is my first duty as President to protect the American people. 我在安卡拉明确表示，美国并非也绝不会与伊斯兰教交战。但我们会无情抗击对我国安全构成严重威胁的暴力极端主义分子。因为我们绝不接受所有宗教的信众都会拒绝的同样的行为：杀害无辜的男子、妇女和儿童。保护美国人民的 安全是我作为总统的首要职责。 The sit
43、uation in Afghanistan demonstrates Americas goals, and our need to work together. Over seven years ago, the United States pursued al Qaeda and the Taliban with broad international support. We did not go by choice, we went because of necessity. I am aware that some question or justify the events of 9
44、/11. But let us be clear: al Qaeda killed nearly 3,000 people on that day. The victims were innocent men, women and children from America and many other nations who had done nothing to harm anybody. And yet Al Qaeda chose to ruthlessly murder these people, claimed credit for the attack, and even now
45、 states their determination to kill on a massive scale. They have affiliates in many countries and are trying to expand their reach. These are not opinions to be debated; these are facts to be dealt with. 阿富汗的形势既说明了美国的目标，也说明我们必须进行合作。 7 年多前，美国在广泛的国际支持下追剿“基地”组织和塔利班。我们毫无选择的余地，因为我们必须这样做。我知道，有人仍对 9.11 事件
46、有疑问或为其找借口。但我们必须清楚地认识到： 2001 年 9 月 11 日，“基地”组织杀害了将近 3000 人，受害者是美国和许多其他国家的无辜男子、妇女和儿童，他们未曾伤害任何人。他们与“基地”组织政治上的嫌怨或仇恨意识形态毫不相干。然而，“基地”组织蓄意残忍地杀害了这些人，声称这一袭击行动系其所为，并一再表明 打算再次进行大规模屠杀的狼子野心。他们在很多国家都有同伙，并企图扩大他们的影响。这些都不是可以辩论的看法问题，而是必须正视的事实。 Make no mistake: we do not want to keep our troops in Afghanistan. We seek
47、 no military bases there. It is agonizing for America to lose our young men and women. It is costly and politically difficult to continue this conflict. We would gladly bring every single one of our troops home if we could be confident that there were not violent extremists in Afghanistan and Pakist
48、an determined to kill as many Americans as they possibly can. But that is not yet the case. 不要有任何误解：我们不希望保持在阿富汗的驻军。我们不在阿富汗寻求军事基地。失去我国青年男女的生命是美国十分痛苦的事。继续这场冲突要付出昂贵的代价，在政治上也是困难的决定。一旦我们可以确定在阿富汗和巴基斯坦已经不存在要尽可能多地杀害美国人的丧心病狂的暴力极端主义分子，我们会很高兴地撤回每一名美军士兵。但目前还不是这种情况。 Thats why were partnering with a coalition of
49、forty-six countries. And despite the costs involved, Americas commitment will not weaken. Indeed, none of us should tolerate these extremists. They have killed in many countries. They have killed people of different faiths - more than any other, they have killed Muslims. Their actions are irreconcilable with the rights of human beings, 奥巴马 开罗大学演讲： 美与 穆斯林 世界应有新开端 the progress of nations, and with Islam. The Holy Koran teaches that whoever kills an innocent, it is as if he has killed all mankind; and whoever saves a person, it is as if he has saved
