1、四六级翻译第22期中国龙 The Chinese Dragon (名词性从句)相关词汇及短语dragon drn n. 龙phoenix finks n. 凤凰symbol smbl n符号,象征totem ttm n. 图腾,图腾形象emperor empr(r) n. 皇帝imperial mpril adj.帝国的;皇帝的potent ptnt adj.强有力的;有效的auspicious sps adj.吉利的;幸运的legendary ledndri adj.传说的;传奇的folklore fkl(r) n. 民间传说;民间风俗sacrifice skrfas vt. 供奉;n. 祭
2、品unity junti n. 统一;团结Dragon Boat Festival 端午节,龙舟节the descendants of the dragon 龙的传人national spirit 民族精神语法点睛名词性从句:具有名词性质,在句中作主语、表语、同位语或宾语成分的从句即名词性从句。分为主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句四种类型,其中最常见的有宾语从句和主语从句。引导名词性从句的词叫引导词,可分为从属连词(that, whether, if)、连接代词(who, whose, what, which, whatever等),以及连接副词(when, where, why, h
3、ow等)。1. 宾语从句:在复合句中充当宾语成分的从句叫宾语从句。当主句谓语为think(认为),insist(坚持),know(知道), believe(相信),agree(同意),say(说道),suggest(建议)等动词时,若从句内容用于陈述事实,则用that引导的宾语从句,其中that在非正式场合常可省略。当从句的内容由一般疑问句演变而来,含有“是否”的意思时,由whether或if引导;当从句由特殊疑问句转化而来时,由连接代词或连接副词引导,在句中充当成分,均不可省略。需注意宾语从句均为陈述语序,即连词/连接代词或副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例:We consider (that)
4、 the child is very smart.我们都认为这孩子很聪明。He asked whether /if I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。He doesnt know when the meeting will be held. 他不知道会议什么时候举行。2. 主语从句:在复合句中充当主语成分的从句叫主语从句。当从句为陈述语气时选择that作引导,当语气为疑问时选择whether(一般疑问句时),或者连接代词或副词(特殊疑问句时)作引导词。主语从句可以直接放在主语位置上,也可以用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末,尤其是当谓语较短时。例:Th
5、at light travels in straight lines is known to all. 光沿直线传播,这是众所周知的事。或It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.(it 作形式主语)Whether he is coming or not doesnt matter too much. 他来不来都无关紧要。What she said is good for us.她说的都是为我们好。3. 同位语从句:名词性从句中充当同位语成分的叫同位语从句。当主句中出现answer(答案), belief(信念),doubt
6、(疑问), fact(事实),news(消息), idea(主意),truth(真相)等名词,且从句为以上名词的真正内容,即同位语,起到补充说明的作用时,根据从句的陈述或疑问语气选择对应引导词,方法同主语从句。例:The news that he will go abroad is true. 他要出国的消息是真的。I have no idea where they are spending their holidays. 我不知道他们在哪里度假。典型例句及解析(名词性从句1:主语从句,宾语从句及同位语从句)1. 人们常认为龙是威严与吉祥的化身。解析:汉语中含有“认为”、“相信”、“得知”等词
7、的句子常可译作英语的宾语从句,本句为陈述语气,选择以that引导的宾语从句;其中“的化身” 即 “代表了”,可译为动词represent, stand for等。译文:People tend to believe that the Chinese dragon stands for the potent and auspicious power.2. 中国的节庆活动中与龙相关的是龙舟节。解析:本句主语为“与龙相关的”,可理解为一个完整的句子,在句中作主语从句,可用what或者all that 陈述句语序这一结构,意为“所的”,故此处可译为:what is relatedto/what goes
8、 withis,类似表达还有“所反映的”:what is reflected;“所崇尚的”:what is valued等。译文:What is related to the dragon in Chinese festivals is the Dragon Boat Festival.3. 据说,龙能呼风唤雨,所以古人有祭拜龙王的传统。解析:汉语中常见的“据说”、“据报道”、“据推测”等表达可译为英语中一类特殊的主语从句,即以it开头的形式主语:it is said /reported/supposed that等,that后为句子的真正主语,将it置于句首可平衡句子重心,本句用it is
9、said that结构;“呼风唤雨”,即掌管着天气的意思,译作the ruler of weather;“祭拜”可译为offer sacrifices to ;“有的传统”:followthe tradition of 。译文:It is said that dragons are the rulers of weather, so the ancient Chinese followed the traditionof offering sacrifices to the “King Dragon”.4. 毫无疑问,龙的形象是多元民族文化的结晶。解析:“毫无疑问”,“毋庸置疑”可译为:the
10、re is no doubt that.;That 引导的是同位语从句。有时同位语从句可以和其对应的名词分开,如the saying/story goes that.,即“有一种说法是”,例:A Chinese saying goes (like) that those whose care extends not far enough will findtheir trouble at hand.(中国有句古话说得好,人无远虑必有近忧);“的结晶”即“的产物,融合物”,可译为the product/ combination /integration of 。译文:There is no do
11、ubt that the Chinese dragon is the product of diverse national cultures.牛刀小试1.一些学者认为龙源于远古时期某些部落的图腾。2.传统文化中,龙所对应的形象是凤凰。3.据说,龙可上天入海,无所不能。4.毫无疑问,中国的龙不同于西方所理解的龙。段落翻译1中国龙文化源远流长,是中华民族与文化的象征。2在神话传说中,龙是一种集鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物为一体的神物,传说威力无穷,可兴云致雨,后成为皇权象征,历代帝王都自命为真龙天子,所用器物也以龙为饰。3龙被华夏民族视为图腾,代表了奋勇腾飞和团结凝聚的民族精神,如今,海内外华人都自豪地
12、以“龙的传人”作为身份象征。附:四六级翻译第21期答案牛刀小试1.昆曲于2001年申遗成功,这样昆曲就能够很好地保存下来。(结果)2.艺术家尝试着将昆曲与流行文化相结合,以便使年轻观众接受。(目的)3.比起京剧,昆曲的美更容易使人理解,也因此它如今更受欢迎。(结果)4.如今,只要有足够的时间,大家都喜欢去旅行。(条件)参考译文1. In the year of 2001,Kunqu has been listed as a UNESCO World Intangible Cultural Heritage,so that it could be preserved in a good way.
13、2. Artists are trying to combine Kunqu Opera with popular culture in order that Kunqu Operacould be accepted by young people.3.Compared with Peking Opera, the beauty of Peking Opera is much easier to be understood , sothat it turns to be more popular nowadays.4. Today,people tend to go traveling as
14、soon as they have enough time.段落翻译1昆曲是中国古老戏曲中的一种,起源于江苏昆山,拥有600多年的历史。2它是连接过去与现在,中国与世界的纽带,对现今中国的戏曲形式,包括川剧与京剧在内,都产生了重要的影响。3昆曲蕴含了各种意象美,从音乐、舞蹈到诗歌,人们的精神世界甚至中国人的灵魂,都有所体现。4正因为如此,昆曲在过去广受欢迎,也成了中国文化遗产中最珍贵的部分。5但是现在,昆曲不仅面临着来自大众流行文化的挑战,而且年轻人也对其缺乏兴趣。6只有进行适当的保护,昆曲才能拥有美好的未来。参考译文Kunqu Opera, which originated in the K
15、unshan region of Jiangsu province, is one of Chinasclassical operas with a history of more than 600 years. Kunqu Opera serves as a link between pastand present, China and the world. It has exerted a dominant influence on recent forms of opera inChina, including the Sichuan and Beijing operas. Kunqu
16、Opera embraced every imaginable beauty,from music and dance, to poetry and peoples spirit world and even very soul of the Chinesenation, so that Kunqu Opera was so popular in the past and became the most valuable parts ofChinas cultural heritage. But now, Kunqu Opera is facing competition from mass
17、culture and alack of interest amongst the young. It can only have a bright future when it is protected in a properway.翻译要点评析1.“是一种”,可表达为one of;“起源于.”:originate in.;本句由3个小句子组成,可逐句翻译后再用定语从句处理。2.“是的纽带”,可以表达为serve as a link.;“对.产生影响”:exert influence on.;“对现今中国的戏曲形式,包括川剧与京剧在内,都产生了重要的影响”,这句话需要注意汉英语序不同的问题。英语语序习惯这样表达“对现今中国的戏曲形式/都产生了重要的影响/包括川剧与京剧在内”,翻译时按照这个语序处理比较恰当。3.表达“拥有、包含”这个概念时,除了用have, 还可以有embrace,employ,enjoy 等等。“每一种可能的美”:every imaginable beauty;“精神世界”:spirit world。4.“因此”是前一句的结果,用结果状语从句进行处理。“中国文化遗产”:Chinas culturalHeritage。5. “大众流行文化”: mass culture; “缺乏”:lack of。6. “只有” 表明可以用条件状语从句处理。