1、The Infinitive 动词不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish。,I want to see you this evening.,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,一、用法,1. 作主语,2)用it作形式主语用
2、不定式(It + be + adj. / n. + to do sth),3)例外：It is no good /no use /no help + doing sth. It is no use arguing about it.,1)常用动名词 Learning English is very important.,It is important to learn English.,2. 作宾语,1) v+只跟to do learn /agree/ask/offer/happen/pretend/ promise/plan/intend/hope/wish/ decide/ refuse/
3、 fail/ manage She hopes to find a better job. I wish to go with you.,2)v+只跟doing finish/complete / enjoy/ mind/ practise/ consider/ suggest/advise/ miss/ avoid/ admit/ deny/ permit/ allow/forbid/imagine/understand/include/risk/delay keep(on)/ give up/ insist on /succeed in/ feel like / put off/ be w
4、orth/ be used to / look forward to I enjoy playing basketball. She practises playing the piano for an hour every day. 但是advise/ consider/allow/ permit/forbid/ admit sb to do sth He advised going on a trip to Guangzhou. He advised us to go on a trip to Guangzhou.,3)V+to do/doing 区别不大。begin /start /li
5、ke/love/hate/dislike,4)v+to do/doing 区别很大forget /remember/stop /go onregret/ try/mean/cant helpneed/want/require,try to do 努力做某事 try doing 试着做某事 regret to do 对要做的某事表示遗憾 regret doing 对已做的某事表示后悔,mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味着 cant help (to) do 不能帮忙做某事 cant help doing 情不自禁做某事,need/want/require,sth need/
6、 want/ require doing= sth need/ want/ require to be done 某事需要被做,3. 宾语补足语：,1）ask 类（v+sb to do sth） want / wish / order/ like /would like / help force /allow / permit /forbid / advise/ consider She asked me to help her. The teacher told him to come on time.,2）感官动词类（V + sb. + do sth.） see/ hear/ notice
7、/ find/ watch/ look at/ hear/ listen to/ feel/ smell I often hear them sing the song in the next room . We watched them play football .,The teacher made me answer the question.,但这些动词用于被动结构时，省去的to要加上。,They were heard to sing a pop song.,He was made to answer the question.,3）使役动词类（V + sb. + do sth.） m
8、ake/ let / have,1.He was made _. go B. gone C. going D. to go 2.Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _by his little sister. cry；to cry B. crying；crying cry；cry D. to cry；cry,注意,B. 动词不定式的否定式只须在to 前加 not.,My father decided not to take up the job.,The teacher told us not to b
9、e late again.,注意,C. 带疑问词的动词不定式在to 前加疑问词。,Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.,Can you tell me where to get the book?,注意,D. 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词，只保留to 。,A:Would you like to come to my party?,Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).,B: Yes , Id love to (
10、 come to your party).,Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。,4. 作表语,doing 表习惯性动作； to do表将来一次性性动作 My wish is to become a scientist. My job is teaching you English.,5. 作状语,不定式：作目的、结果（only之后）和原因（v./adj.之后） 分词：作时间、条件、伴随、结果和原因（句首）,不定式作目的状语：不定式用作目的状语时，其句意特点很明显，通常在译成中文时可用“为了”来表示。 To save class time, our teacher has us studen
11、ts do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for our homework. Doctors worked through the night to save the life of the injured man.,不定式作结果状语,only to, enough to ,too to, never to That tool is too heavy to lift directly The temperature is high enough to change water into steam He
12、went home, only to find the door open and everything was gone. He left, never to come back.,（2005.福建卷）Can the project be finished as planned? Sure,_ it completed in time ,well work two more hours a day. A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get （2005.广东卷）He hurried to the station only _ that the tra
13、in had left. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found （2005.重庆卷）Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together,_ fun. A. had B. have C. to have D. having,6. 作定语 to do将来的主动动作，to be done表将来的被动动作（句中有逻辑主语时用to do，若是不及物动词，要加介词） I have two books to read. Have you got anything to sa
14、y? Hes looking for a room to live in. I dont have a pen to write with. I have clothes to wash, and do you have clothes to be washed? The question to be discussed is very important.,不定式与它修饰的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系，且主语是不定式中的动词所表示动作的逻辑主语或在句中能找到其逻辑主语。 He has a lot of work to do today Do you have anything more to sa
15、y 区别：Are you going to the ball to be held on New Years Eve？,1.Frank is the kind of person who people like to _. make friend with B. make friends of C. make friends D. make friends with 2.The assistant works very hard. She is always the first _ and the last _. A. come, leave B. coming, leaving C. to
16、come, to leave D. to come, leaving 解析：由only, last, next, 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语。再如： She is always the first student to arrive at school.,二、动词不定式的形式,一般式： to do （表将来） 一般被动式：to be done 进行式： to be doing（表正在进行） 完成式： to have done（表已经完成） 完成被动式： to have been done 否定式: not to do,动词不定式的时态,1. I opened the doo
17、r to enter the room.,2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.,. 一般式( to do ).,不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。,.进行式( to be doing),1. I am very glad to be working with you.,2. He is said to be coming.,如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。,动词不定式的时态,动词不定式的时态,.完成式（to have done),1. I
18、 am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.,2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.,如果谓语表示的动作发生在不定式之前。,I opened the door _(enter)the room. 2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting _ _(hold) tomorrow. 3. Robert is said_(study)abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in.
19、4. I am sorry_(keep) you waiting so long. 5. He didnt like _ (laugh). 6. He claimed _(badly treat )in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.7. The teacher told us _(be ) late again.,to enter,to be held,to have studied,to have kept,to be laughed at,to have been badly treated,not to b
20、e,三、疑问词+动词不定式,用作主语、宾语等。,When to start has not been decided.,I dont know what to do.,He can tell you where to get the book.,I dont know how to do it.,四、动词不定式的复合结构： 1)for sb. to do sth 2) (It is +性格adj+)of sb. to do sth 性格adj：nice, kind, cruel, thoughtful, careful, careless It is very important for us
21、 to learn English. It is difficult for him to finish the task in such a short time. It is very nice of you to help me. It was careless of him to make such a mistake.,达标练习,1.Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the verbs given.,Im afraid itll be very hard for you _ (adapt) this story for child
22、ren. After _ (think) everything over, she decided _ (not resign) her post. Youd better not get _ (annoy) at his ignorance. All of us are satisfied, since everything seems _(go) on smoothly.,to adapt,thinking,not to resign,annoyed,to be going,5. It might be better _ (try) _ (discuss) in his own langu
23、age as he isnt used to _(speak) in English yet. 6. _(see) from the hilltop, the lake is extremely beautiful. 7. If you couldnt get anything _ (open) the beer bottle with, why not _ (try) _(open) it with your teeth. 8. When I open the door I noticed someone _(sit) by her side _(talk) with her.,to try
24、,discussing,speaking,Seen,to open,try,opening,sitting,talking,9. He ran all the way to the station only _ (find) the train had left. 10. -Did he manage _ (carry) the truck upstairs? -No, he didnt. he isnt strong enough even _ (move) it. 11. She remembered _ (pass) on most of the information, but she
25、 forgot _ (mention) one or two of the most important facts. 12. The enemy was reported _ (run) away two days before.,to find,to carry,to move,passing,to mention,to have run,2.Translation,1.我能听到你的声音真高兴。,It is so nice for me to hear your voice.,2.我忘记关灯了,I am sorry to have forgotten to turn off the light.,3.Lucy告诉他不要哭。,Lucy told him not to cry.,4. 我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。,My dream is to be a scientist.,5.我没什么可担心的。,I have nothing to worry about.,6. 为了赶车，我早早地起床了。,( In order) to catch the bus, I got up early.,7.我不喜欢被盯着看.,I dont like to be stared at.,
