1、 高考非谓语动词考点回顾和总结1作状语时， doing, having done, being done , having been done 和done 的区别1) doing 表示非谓语动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，且表示一个主动的动作。 e.g.: The students left the hall, laughing and talking.Hearing the news, we jumped with joy. (几乎同时发生)2) having done 表示非谓语动作在谓语动作之前发生，且表示一个主动的动作，一般不作定语。 e.g.: Having finished
2、his homework, he went to bed3) being done 常表示一个正在进行的被动动作。常作定语，宾语，宾补等，但作状语非常少。 e.g.: She couldnt stand being laughed at.The project being discussed is very important.I heard an English song being sung when I came into the classroom yesterday. 4) having been done 表示非谓语动作在谓语动作之前发生，且表示一个被动的动作。 e.g.: Hav
3、ing been told that some guests were coming, they got the room ready5) done 一般表示非谓语动作在谓语动作之前发生或同时发生, 且表示一个被动的动作。 e.g.: Given more time, Ill do it better. （之前）Supported by a young man, the old lady stood up. （同时） 典型试题：例 1（2005 全国 II）“You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away.A. run B. running C. to ru
4、n D. ran例 2（2005 湖北）_ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separated B. Having separatedC. Having been separated D. To be separated例 3（2005 上海）_ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for reside
5、nts reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.A. Put B. Putting C. Having putD. Being put2作定语时， done, being done 和 to be done 的区别先看例句：This is a problem discussed. 这是一个已经讨论了的问题。（已经完成的被动动作）This is a problem being discussed. 这是一个正在讨论的问题。（正在进行的被动动作）This is a problem to be discussed. 这是一个将要讨论的问题。（将要进
6、行的被动动作）通常 done 表示被动或者已经完成，being done 表示正在被做， to be done 表示将要被做，再如这三句话：The meeting _ (hold) yesterday turned to be a great success. The meeting _ (hold) now is about environmental protection. The meeting _ (hold) tomorrow will attract much attention. 三个答案分别是 held, being held, to be held. 典型试题：(2004 浙
7、江) Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M.A. knowing B. known C. being knownD. to be known3作感官动词的宾补 doing, (to) do 和 done 的区别Did you hear anyone singing in the next room ? (doing 表示主动、正在进行)Did you ever hear anyone sing the song in English? (to) do 表示主动、已经完成或动作的全过程)D
8、id you hear the song sung in English? (done 表示被动、已经完成 ) 典型试题：(NMET1994) The missing boys were last seen _near the river.A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play4作宾语时， doing 与 to do 的区别（1）只能用 -ing 形式作宾语的动词常用的有：dislike / delay / deny, mind / miss (错过), enjoy / escape (逃避) / excuse, practise / pa
9、rdon / permit, suggest / stop / stand(忍受), consider , keep, advise / admit / acknowledge(承认) / allow / appreciate (欣赏、感激) / avoid (避免)，risk(冒险) / resist(抵抗) / recommend(建议); finish / forbid, imagine 等。（2）只能用 to do 作宾语的动词有：afford, agree, aim, choose, dare, decide, decline(拒绝), refuse, desire, determi
10、ne, fail, offer, expect, hope, wish, manage, plan, pretend, promise, seek, tend, threaten 等。（3）既能用 -ing 形式又能用 to do 作宾语的动词分两种情况：1）象 begin, start; continue; intend, attempt(试图), 等词用-ing 形式和 to do 作宾语时意义相同。 e.g.: He started learning/to learn English at the age of three2）意义不同的动词有： remember / forget(not
11、)doing / having done(记得 /忘记（没）做过某事). (not)to do(记住 /忘了（不）去做某事) regret(not)doing / having done(后悔（没）做过某事). (not)to do(遗憾（不）去做某事) try doing(试试做某事 ). to do(努力/设法做某事) mean doing(意味着做某事). to do(打算/想做某事) go on doing(继续做同一件事 ). to do(接着做另外一件事) stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事. doing 停止正在或经常做的事want / need /r
12、equire to do (想/有必要/要求做某事) . doing / to be done (需要被做) 典型试题：例：（2005 北京）When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _.A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leaveC. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave5-ing 形式作伴随状语与不定式作目的状语的区别作伴随状语的-ing 形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号；而作目的
13、状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生前面通常不用逗号。 e.g.: She wrote to the editor, hoping that the editor would be able to help herShe reached the top of the hill and stopped there to rest on a big rock 典型试题：（1991 全国）The secretary worked late into night, _a long speech.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was prepa
14、ring6-ing 形式和不定式作结果状语的区别-ing 形式作结果状语表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中，其作用相当于一个非限 制性的定语从句；而不定式作结果状语通常表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。 e.g.: A number of new machines were installed in the factory, thus resulting in an increase in production. =, which thus resulted in an increase in production.He hurriedly finished his breakfast a
15、nd went running to the station, only to find the train had left half an hour ago. 典型试题：例 1（2005 山东）Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reached B. reachingC. to reach D. to be reaching例 2（2004 福建）The news reporters hurried
16、to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told7非谓语动词的否定式-ing 形式否定式由“not/never +-ing”构成，不定式的否定式由“not/never to do”构成。 e.g.: I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time. Not having done the work well, we decided to try again. The patient was warne
17、d not to eat oily food after the operation. 典型试题：例 1(2003 北京卷)The teacher asked us _so much noise.A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make例 2（2004 广东）_ the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A. Not completing B. Not completedC. Not having completed D. Having not comp
18、leted8非谓语动词的复合结构 (1) 不定式的复合结构：由“for/of sb to do”构成，在句中一般作主语和宾语。 e.g.: It is necessary for us to start at onceIt was cruel of him to beat the poor childI find it difficult to persuade him to join us.(2) 动名词的复合结构：（以 Tom 为例）由“Toms doing”或“his doing”构成，在句中一般作主语和宾语。作主语时，形式为“名词所有格和物主代词+doing” e.g.: Toms b
19、eing ill made his mother worriedYour coming here will help us a lot作宾语时，物主代词（可改为人称代词宾格）和名词所有格（可改为普通格）+doing e.g.: Would you mind his / him opening the window？He insisted on Toms / Tom going on to college(3) 含不定式或分词的独立主格结构：由介词“with+ 宾语+to do/doing /done”构成在句中一般作定语和状语。 e.g.: With so many eyes fixed up
20、on her, the girl was too nervous to say anythingWith a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard timeLinda came to a brook, with red flowers and green grass on both sides. 典型试题：例 1（2002 上海春）With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settlingC. to settle D. being settled例 2（2005 安徽）I really cant understand _ her like that.A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating
