1、定语从句考点归纳,有关系代词或关系副词引导用来修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词并起定语作用的从句，叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，从句跟在先行词后面。定语从句的构成方法是：关系代词或副词+陈述句语序，关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系代词有双重功能，一方面代表前面所修饰的先行词，把从句与先行词连接起来；另一方面引导出从句并在从句中充当某种句子成分。The number of people who/that lost homes reached as many as 250,000.It sou
2、nded like a train which/that was going under my house.,定语从句,关系代词指物时只用which不用that的情况,（1）关系代词在从句中作介词宾语并且介词提前至关系代词前时只用which，但当介词在从句句尾时，两者皆可。 This is the question about which weve had so much discussion. = This is the question which / that weve had so much discussion about.,(2) 在非限定性定语从句中必须用which不能用that
3、。 This is the book which/that Im looking for. They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.,当关系代词作look after, look for等不能拆开使用的及物动词性短语的宾语时，介词不可以提前。,（1）关系副词where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。 This is the house where he lived. (2) 关系副词when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。 Ill never forget the days when we play
4、ed together. (3) 关系副词why指原因，在从句中作原因状语。 He explained the reason why he was late.,关系副词有时可用介词+which来代替。如上句中where=in which; when=on which; why=for which。,关系副词的用法,Rewrite the sentence using the attributive clause:,1.I remember the day. “The Beatles” played their first hit on that day.2. The guitar was lo
5、st while he was touring. George gave many performances with it.3. The musicians were very popular. They worked with the musicians.,I remember the day when “The Beatles” played their first hit.,The guitar with which George gave many performances was lost while he was touring.,The musicians with whom
6、they worked were very popular.,George Orwell _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A. the real name B. what his real nameC. his real name D. whose real name,高考链接,D,解析：答案D。whose引导定语从句时，只能在从句中作定语，其他各项均构不成定语从句。,2. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.A. the way B.
7、 in the way thatC. in the way D. the way which,高考链接,A,解析：答案A。the way后的定语从句可用in which或that引导，也可全省略。,3. Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way.A. it B. thatC. this D. which,高考链接,D,解析：答案D。without + which引导定语从句。,Underline the attributive clauses in the text that contain pre
8、p. + whom/which.,Have you ever dreamed of playing in front ofthousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music? 2. They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practising their music in someones house is the first step to fame. 3. Later they m
9、ay give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash.,I. Warming up,The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees star
10、ted to play and sing their own songs like a real band. They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band.,Warming up,II. Use summary,介词+which/whom引导的定语从句用于正式场合。在这一结构中，关系代词which/whom做介词的宾语。当先行词是人时，用介词+whom引导定语从句，例如：They may start as a group of high-school
11、 students, for whom practising their music in someones house is the first step to fame.当先行词是物时，用介词+which引导定语从句，而且只能加which，不能加that，例如：They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band.,Fill in each blank with a proper prep.+ whom/which. 1. This is the gun
12、 _ _ the hunter shot the antelope. 2. The athletes _ _ he will compete come from Greece and Czech Republic. 3. Hell never forget the day _ _ he was admitted to the Olympic Games for the first time. 4. A great number of cultural relics have been found in a village _ _ there are lots of old temples. 5
13、. The guitar _ _ Dave composed our first hit is in a music museum. 6. The musicians _ _ we have great interest toured Europe with us.,with which,against whom,on which,in,Practice,which,with which,in whom,Practice,Read the passage and complete it using attributive clauses, some of which may use prep.
14、+ which/whom.There have been many popular bands in the world, _ the most famous was the Beatles. The four young men _ made up the band only performed and recorded from 1963 to 1970. During those years they gave many concerts, _ they played all their latest hits. They made many records, _ they will a
15、lways be remembered. Their songs were a mixture of rock and roll and ballads, _ they often wrote about their own lives and problems. Although,of which,who,at which,for which,in which,Practice,they were not trained actors, they took part in films _ they often played themselves. Their performances wer
16、e humorous and interesting. Their fans, _ the Beatles would not have been so famous, at last caused problems for them. They followed them everywhere. Finally they stopped their concerts in order to live quieter lives, although their songs remain as popular as ever.,during/in which,without whom,Pract
17、ice,There is a grammatical error in each of the following sentences. Please read them carefully and correct the mistake.1. Simon helped Peter repair his guitar, for that he was very grateful. 2. I like songs to which the feelings of love is expressed. 3. I enjoyed my holiday on which I went to a con
18、cert of pop music. 4. I like my music teacher for which I have great respect. 5. I have many friends of which some are musicians. 6. Peter went to a concert at whom his favourite band played and sang.,Practice Key,1. Simon helped Peter repair his guitar, for which he was very grateful. 2. I like son
19、gs in which the feelings of love is expressed. 3. I enjoyed my holiday during which I went to a concert of pop music. 4. I like my music teacher for whom I have great respect. 5. I have many friends of whom some are musicians. 6. Peter went to a concert at which his favourite band played and sang.,T
20、hey live in a house, whose windows are made of glass. They live in a house, _ _ _ _ are made of glass.,of which,句型转换。,the windows,whose + n = the + n + of which,2. He has two daughters, and both of them are college students. He has two daughters, _ _ _ are college students.,whom,both of,3. China has
21、 hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Tai Wan. China has hundreds of islands, _ _ the largest is Tai Wan.,of which,4. Can you think of a situation where this word is used? Can you think of a situation _ _ this word is used?,in which,5. China has a lot of famous writers and Lu Xun is one of t
22、hem. China has a lot of famous writers, one _ _ is Lu Xun.,of whom,III. Summary,关系副词可以替代介词+which/whom结构。 where可以替代to/at/from/in which, 例如：They visited the city where/in which John Denver was born. when可以替代during/at/in/on which，例如：I will never forget the year when/in which our band started. why可以替代fo
23、r which，例如：The reason why/for which he left the band was that he hated the busy life. how可以替代in which，但是要同时去掉the way，例如：The students do not know how/the way in which a music band can be formed.,Practice,Read these sentences and try to simplify them changing them where necessary. Eample: I dont under
24、stand the way in which you solved this problem.I dont understand how you solved this problem. 1. This is the month during which we like to go to outdoor concerts.This is the month when we like to go to outdoor concerts.,Practice,2. She gave a musical concert in the hall in which we interviewed a fam
25、ous violinist last week.She gave a musical concert in the hall where we interviewed a famous violinist last week. 3. Lillian lives in a town in which there are many cultural events.Lillian lives in a town where there are many cultural events. 4. A concert hall is a place to which you go to buy ticke
26、ts for a show.A concert hall is a place where you go to buy tickets for a show.,Practice,5. Finding a job as a singer was the reason for which I moved.Finding a job as a singer was the reason why I moved. 6. Summer is the time at which it is best to practise outside with your band.Summer is the time
27、 when it is best to practise outside with your band. 7. His studio was the place in which we recorded our greatest hits.His studio was the place where we recorded our greatest hits.,Practice,8. I relied on my car until it broke down at the place at which three roads meet.I relied on my car until it
28、broke down at the place where three roads meet. 9. I am familiar with your songs and the way in which you compose them.I am familiar with your songs and how you compose them. 10. It is a time at which the sun begins to sink and the moon to rise.It is a time when the sun begins to sink and the moon t
29、o rise.,1.that 与which,1.Nothing _ can be done has been done. 2.Do you have anything _ you dont understand ?,that,that,先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that,1.This is the best TV _ is made in China. 2.The first museum _ he visited in China was the History M
30、useum.,that,that,先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。,Ive read all the books _ you lent me.,that,先行词被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last 修饰时,引导定语从句用that 。,1.The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students. 2.A victim is a per
31、son, animal or thing _ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.,先行词中既有人又有事物时， 引导定语从句用that。,that,that,Who _ you have ever seen can do it better?,who做先行词时，引导定语从句用that,that,1.Her bag, in _ she put all her money, has been stolen. 2.This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars. 3.Xiao Wang ,with _ I went to the c
32、oncert, enjoy it very much.,which,which,whom,在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom,1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配,This is the book _ which you asked.,注意：动词短语不能拆开 即介词不能提前,for,The old man whom I am looking after is better .,如何判断介词,2).看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配,He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.,with,3) 根
33、据先行词判断, 所用的介词与先行词搭配,This is our classroom, _ which there is a teachers desk.,in the front of,whose 引导的定语从句,表示所属关系,The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.,whose,3 Whose 的使用,There are in this class 20 students, _ are different. A. whose backgrounds B. the backgrounds of whom C. of w
34、hom the backgrounds D. the backgrounds of whose,The earth is round, _ we all know. _ is known to all, the earth is round. _ is known to all that the earth is round.,as,As,It,4 as 的使用,This is the same book as I lost.This is the same book that I lost.,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,This is such an interes
35、ting book _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like.,as,as,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。,定语从句,This is such an interesting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it.,that,that,这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。,结果状语从句,1. It is very useful to master a foreign language, _ has been said befor
36、e.,which,2. _ everyone hoped, Mary has won the first prize.,As,as引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，句末，而which 引导定语从句不能放在句首.as译为正如，好像, which 则没有此义。, Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park. Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you. Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you. This is the museum _I vis
37、ited last year .,when,whichthat,whichthat,whichthat,5 when, where, why 与that, which 的区分,This is the reason _ ( = for which ) I didnt come here. The reason _ she gave was not true.,whythat,which/that,指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,6 定语从句中的动词的数,He is the only one in his class who _ (have
38、) got the teachers praise. He is one of the students in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise.,has,have,关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词,Correct the mistakes,1.Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two. 2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible. 3. This i
39、s the very pen that you gave it to me before. 4. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick.,whom,whose,who,5. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday. 6. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. 7. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.,to,that,8. Miss Chen is the only one of the few
40、teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.,gives,9. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China. 10.The bike by which I travelled was his.,as,on,11. This is the place where we visited many times during the past ten years.12. They have decided to stay at home, that is, I think, a wise c
41、hoice.13. The day will come which the people all over the world will enjoy true freedom.,where that / which或去掉where,that which,which when,14. He is a man of great experience, from who we can learn much. 15. Antarctic, which we know very little, is covered with thick ice all the year round. 16. It wa
42、s a meeting which importance I didnt realize at that time.,which whose,who whom,which前或little后加about,1. (NMET2004) The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which,2. (2000上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,
43、_ was very reasonable. A. Which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose,3. The two things _ they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which,4. She is a teacher of much knowledge, _ much can be learned. A. who B. that
44、C. from which D. from whom 5. I have bought two ball pens, _ writes well. A. none of which B. neither of which C. none of them D. neither of them,注意: “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 关系代词只能用which和whom, 且不能省略。介词主要根据三个方面来选择: 一是先行词与介词的搭配; 二是定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配; 三是根据“介词+关系代词”在从句中的作用及意义。,用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句。 1. I disagree
45、 with the facts _ which your argument is based. 2. The song, _ which he was interested, will never be heard again. 3. This is the reason _ which he often comes to school late. 4. I will never forget the way _ which my teacher taught me. 5. This is the hero _ whom we are proud.,on,in,for,in,of,6. I w
46、ant to find the very pen _ which I wrote that letter. 7. They are the students _ whom our teachers are thinking highly. 8. It is important to choose good friends _ whom you can share your feelings and thoughts. 9. It will not be necessary to name the person _ whom the card belongs. 10. I would always like to do business with those people _ whom I can rely.,with,of,with,to,on / upon,
