1、 1 An English Homophone Dictionary omophones are words of the same language that are pronounced alike even if they differ in spelling, meaning, or origin, such as “pair“ and “pear“. Homophones may also be spelled alike, as in “bear“ (the animal) and “bear“ (to carry). But this list consists only of
2、homophones that are not spelled alike. Homonym is a somewhat looser term than homophone, sometimes referring to all homophones and only homophones, and sometimes referring to the subset of homophones that are spelled alike. In the entries below, the members of each homophonic set are listed in alpha
3、betical order. Each set is entered only once, at its alphabetically first member. There is no cross-reference unless the initial letters of the members differ. For example, the pair “knot, not“ is listed under “knot“. Under “not“ one finds not (see knot) The diamond bullet indicates a cross-referenc
4、e. But the pair “shear, sheer“ is listed only under “shear“ with no further cross-reference, because the members begin with the same letter. Occasionally we include a short definition of an unusual word to assure the reader that scribal error is not to blame for listing e.g. apatite or sics. When si
5、ngular homophone nouns are also homophones in the plural, this is indicated in parentheses, e.g. ad (-s), add (-s), adze. Similarly, when homophone verbs remain homophones when inflected in the third person singular, this is indicated in parentheses, e.g. accept (-s), except (-s). The same indicatio
6、n is used when one member of the pair is a noun and the other is a verb, e.g. poor, pore (-s), pour (-s). These variations do not receive separate listings, nor are other inflected forms, such as -ed or -ing, or possessives, listed at all. We do include obsolete words when we know of them, such as d
7、ain in the pair, dain, deign. But we have made no systematic search for them, and there are undoubtedly very many not yet in our list. This list deliberately omits the following types of homophones. 1. As noted above, we omit homophones that are spelled alike, e.g. bear, bear. 2. We omit non-English
8、 words, e.g. oui, we; nein, nine. We omit non-English words even if they are often heard in English conversation, perhaps as part of canned phrases. Hence we omit carte, as in a la carte, from the list cart, kart. 3. We omit proper nouns, e.g. Wales, whales; peat, Pete. 4. We omit letters of the alp
9、habet, e.g. t, tea, tee. 5. We omit hyphenated compounds. Consequently there are two reasons to exclude the triple, fillip, fill-up, Phillip. 6. We omit acronyms that have come to be pronounced as words, e.g. WACS in WACS, wacks, wax, whacks. H 2 7. We omit pairs of words that, when pronounced toget
10、her, sound like some other single word, e.g. a cord, accord. We stick to this rule even when the relation between a given pair and a given single word is not accidental, e.g. back ache, backache. 8. We have included standard contractions, hence aisle, Ill, but not contrived contractions even if they
11、 could arise in conversation, such as eyell (as in “My eyell be on you“). 9. We omit words which differ in spelling from other words only in the use of a possessive apostrophe, e.g. homes, homes. However, when an apostrophe indicates a standard contraction, we will include the pair, e.g. its, its. 1
12、0. We have omitted common mispronunciations even though, by their nature, they will be heard in conversation. This affects pairs such as taken, takin. Words that often succeed other words are frequently pronounced as virtual suffixes. But even though oak and maple is pronounced oakn maple, we did no
13、t let this justify including the pair oaken, oakn. 11. We omit spelling variations, e.g. analyse, analyze; curb, kerb; glamor, glamour; plough, plow, racket, racquet; theater, theatre. It is often a nice question, however, when a spelling variation has become a new word. Manikin is a spelling variat
14、ion of mannequin; but the former now denotes a bird and the latter a clothing dummy. They are now distinct words, and are listed as homophones below. By contrast, manakin is a spelling variation of manikin, with the same denotation; in our view it is not an independent word and is not listed below.
15、12. Dialectal variation poses a serious problem. If we included all pairs that are pronounced alike by speakers of some English dialect, our job would never end. But the only alternatives seem to be to draw an arbitrary line, including only “major“ dialects, or to include none as if there were a sin
16、gle “standard“ pronunciation of English. Despite the drawbacks of the last-named course, we follow other dictionaries in adopting it. We use standard English pronunciation in the United States. Hence, with apologies to Brooklynites we omit coil, curl; with apologies to Yankees we omit part, pot; wit
17、h apologies to Hoosiers we omit spatial, special; and with apologies to Southerners we omit lord, lowered. Some questionable cases, where even the “standard“ pronunciation contains variation, are indicated by “(?)“. We have attempted to keep these cases to a minimum. When the variation is produced b
18、y sloppiness rather than by dialect (a distinction difficult to maintain), e.g. bobbin, bobbing, odder, otter, wet, whet, then we have generally included them with the qualifying “(?)“. Our criterion here is whether the pronunciation is commonly heard, not whether it is already recognized as a secon
19、dary, acceptable pronunciation in another dictionary. Occasionally dialectal variation produces what might be called “disjunctive homophones“. Some people pronounce route and rout alike, while others 3 pronounce route and root alike. Our solution was to include both the qualified pairs root, route (
20、?), and rout, route (?). We omit the question marks when a word simply has two acceptable pronunciations and a homophone with each, for example fail, faille, and fill, faille. 13. Despite the preceding rules, if a group of homophones already makes the list, then an “ineligible“ member will be added
21、in brackets, provided that the ineligible member is an English word. Hence we find wacks, wax, whacks WACS because the first three members qualify on their own; but we do not find whales Wales because without the ineligible term there is no independent listing. Before we stopped updating this page,
22、we received comments and contributions from many readers. We thank Scott Alexander, Carleen Cook, Tim Heiner, Michael W. Judd, Marc Kamens, Hank Langknecht, Vicki Newby, Gordon Schomberg, David Whigham, and John Williams for their contributions. A accede (-s), exceed (-s) (?) accept (-s), except (-s
23、) (?) acclamation, acclimation ad (-s), add (-s), adze addition (-s), edition (-s) (?) ade (-s), aid (-s), aide (-s) adherence, adherents admittance, admittants adolescence, adolescents aerie, airy affect (-s), effect (-s) (?) aid, aide aids, aides, AIDS ail (-s), ale (-s) air (-s), are metric unit
24、(-s), ere, eer, err (-s) (?), heir (-s) 4 aisle (-s), Ill, isle (-s) all, awl allowed, aloud allude (-s), elude (-s) (?) allusion, elusion, illusion (?) allusive, elusive, illusive (?) altar (-s), alter (-s) amend (-s), emend (-s) analyst (-s), annalist (-s) ant (-s), aunt (-s) ante, anti, aunty apa
25、tite (-s) phosphate, appetite (-s) appose (-s), oppose (-s) arc (-s), ark (-s) arrant, errant ascent (-s), assent (-s) assistance, assistants ate, eight attendance, attendants auger (-s), augur (-s) aught, ought aural, oral aureole (-s), oriole (-s) auricle (-s), oracle (-s) away, aweigh 5 awful, of
26、fal aye (-s), eye (-s), I axes, axis axel (-s), axil (-s), axle (-s) B bad, bade (?) bail (-s), bale (-s) bait (-s), bate (-s) baize, bays bald, balled, bawled ball (-s), bawl (-s) balm (-s), bomb (-s) band, banned bans, banns, bands (?) bard, barred bare (-s), bear (-s) bark (-s), barque (-s) baron
27、 (-s), barren (-s) barrel, beryl base, bass based, baste bask, basque baud, bawd bay, bey 6 bazaar, bizarre be, bee, B beach (-es), beech (-es) beat (-s), beet (-s) beau, bow been, bin (?) beer (-s), bier (-s) beetle, betel belligerence, belligerents bell (-s), belle (-s) benzene, benzine berg, burg
28、 berger, burger, burgher bergle, burgle berry (-ies), bury (-ies) berth (-s), birth (-s) better, bettor bight (-s), bite (-s), byte (-s) billed, build bird, burd, burred blend (-s), blende (-s) blew, blue bloc, block boar (-s), bore (-s) board, bored 7 boarder (-s), border (-s) bobbin, bobbing (?) b
29、ocks, box bode, bowed bogey, bogie, bogy bold, bolled, bowled bolder, boulder bole (-s), boll (-s), bowl (-s) boos, booze bootie, booty born, borne borough (-s), burro (-s), burrow (-s) bough (-s), bow (-s) bouillon, bullion boulder, bolder boy (-s), bouy (-s) brae, bray braid, brayed brain (-s), br
30、ane (-s) braise (-s), brays, braze (-s) brake (-s), break (-s) breach (-es), breech (-es) bread, bred brede (-s), breed (-s) brewed, brood 8 brews, bruise bridal, bridle broom (-s), brougham (-s) brows, browse brr, burr buccal, buckle build, billed burger (-s), burgher (-s) burro (-s), burrow (-s) b
31、us (-es), buss (-es) bussed, bust but (-s), butt (-s) buy (-s), by, bye (-s) byre (-s), buyer (-s) C cache, cash cachou (-s), cashew (-s) calendar (-s), calender (-s) calix (-es), calyx (-es) calk (-s), caulk (-s) call (-s), caul (-s), cawl (-s) callous, callus cam (-s), camb (-s) canape (-s), canop
32、y (-ies) 9 cane, cain cannon (-s), canon (-s) cant, cant canter (-s), cantor (-s) canvas (-es), canvass (-es) capital, capitol carat (-s), caret, carrot (-s), karat (-s) carie, carry carol (-s), carrel (-s), charol (-s) caries, carries cart (-s), carte, kart (-s) cask (-s), casque (-s) caster, casto
33、r cast (-s), caste (-s) caudal, caudle cause, caws cedar (-s), seeder (-s) cede (-s), seed (-s) ceil (-s), seal (-s), seel (-s) ceiling (-s), sealing (-s) cell (-s), sell (-s) cellar (-s), seller (-s) censer (-s), censor (-s), sensor (-s) census, senses cent, scent, sent 10 cense, cents, scents, sen
34、se cere (-s), sear (-s), seer (-s), sere cereal (-s), serial (-s) cession, session chance, chants chard, charred chary, cherry chased, chaste cheap, cheep chews, choose chic, sheik chili, chilly, Chile (?) choir (-s), quire (-s) choler, collar choral (-s), coral (-s) chorale (-s), corral (-s) chord
35、(-s), cord (-s), cored chordate, cordate chott (-s), shot (-s) chough (-s), chuff (-s) chronical, chronicle chute (-s), shoot (-s) cirrus, serous cite (-s), sight (-s), site (-s) cited, sighted, sited 11 clack (-s), claque (-s) clause, claws clew (-s), clue (-s) click (-s), clique (-s), klick (-s) c
36、limb (-s), clime (-s) close, clothes (?) coal, kohl coarse, corse, course coat (-s), cote (-s) coax, cokes coffer (-s), cougher (-s) coign (-s), coin (-s), quoin (-s) collard, collared colonel (-s), kernel (-s) come (-s), cum (-s) comedy, comity (?) competence, competents complacent, complaisant com
37、placence, complaisance complement (-s,-ary), compliment (-s,-ary) conceded, conceited (?) conch (-s), conk (-s) concord, conquered (?) continence, continents coo (-s), coup (-s) 12 coulee, coolie, coolly coop (-s), coupe (-s) cops, copse coquet, coquette core, corps correspondence, correspondents co
38、sher, kosher cosign (-s), cosine (-s) council (-s), counsel (-s) councillor (-s), counselor (-s) cousin (-s), cozen (-s) coward, cowered, cowherd (?) crape (-s), crepe (-s) creak (-s), creek (-s) crewed, crude crewel, cruel crews, cruise, cruse cubical, cubicle cubit, qubit quantum bit cue (-s), que
39、ue (-s), Q currant (-s), current (-s) curser (-s), cursor (-s) cymbal (-s), symbol (-s) cygnet (-s), signet (-s) 13 D dain, deign dam (-s), damn (-s) days, daze dean (-s), dene (-s) dear, deer deem (-s), deme (-s) delinquence, delinquents dense, dents dental, dentil dependence, dependents depravatio
40、n (-s), deprivation (-s) descent (-s), dissent (-s) (?) deviance, deviants devisor, divisor dew (-s), do, due (-s) dewed, dude djinn, gin die (-s), dye (-s) died, dyed dine, dyne dire, dyer disburse (-s), disperse (-s) discreet, discrete discussed, disgust 14 dissidence, dissidents do “re, mi“, doe,
41、 dough doer, dour does f. deer, doze done, dun dos “dos and donts“, dues dost, dust donjon, dungeon dowiger (-s), dowitcher (-s) draft (-s), draught (-s) dray, drey droop, drupe dual, duel ducked, duct dyeing, dying E earn (-s), erne (-s), urn (-s) eave (-s), eve (-s) effect (see affect) eight (see
42、ate) elude (see allude) elusive (see allusive) ere (see air) eer (see air) 15 err (see air) except (see accept) exceed (see accede) edition (see addition) eye (see aye) elicit, illicit elude (-s), allude (-s) emerge (-s), immerge (-s) eminent, immanent, imminent (?) ensure, insure (?) epic (-s), epo
43、ch (-s) equivalence, equivalents errant (see arrant) erupt (-s), irrupt (-s) eruption, irruption ewe (-s), yew (-s), you ewes, use, yews exercise (-s), exorcise (-s) existence, existents extravagance, extravagants eye (see aye) eyelet (-s), islet (-s) eyed, Id, ide F 16 facts, fax (?) fail, faille f
44、ain, fane, feign faint (-s), feint (-s) fair (-s), fare (-s) fairy, ferry faker (-s), fakir (-s) fate, fete faun (-s), fawn (-s) fay, fey faze (-s), phase (-s) fear (-s), fere (-s) feat, feet fends, fens fern, firn ferule, ferrule feudal, futile (?) file (-s), phial (-s) fill, faille filter, philtre
45、 finally, finely (?) find, fined fir (-s), fur (?) fisher (-s), fissure (-s) flacks, flax 17 flair (-s), flare (-s) flea (-s), flee (-s) flecks, flex flew, flu (-s), flue (-s) flocks, phlox floe (-s), flow (-s) flour (-s), flower (-s) foaled, fold for, fore, four forbear, forebear (?) forego (-s), f
46、orgo (-s) formally, formerly (?) forth, fourth foreword, forward foul (-s), fowl (-s) fraid, frayed franc, frank frays, phrase frees, freeze (-s), frieze (-s) friar, fryer fungous, fungus furs, furze fussed, fust 18 G gaff, gaffe gage, gauge gait (-s), gate (-s) gamble (-s), gambol (-s) gang, gangue
47、 gays, gaze gel (-s), jell (-s) gene (-s), jean (-s) gibe (-s), jibe (-s) gild, gilled, guild gilt, guilt gin (see djinn) glair (-s), glare (-s) glutenous, glutinous gnaw, naw gneiss, nice gnomic, nomic gnu (-s), knew, new (-s) goaled, gold gored, gourd gorgeous, gorges (?) gorilla, guerrilla grade,
48、 grayed grate, great 19 grays, graze grip, grippe grisly, gristly (?), grizzly groan, grown grocer, grosser guarantee, guaranty guest, guessed guide, guyed guise, guys gyre, jire H hail, hale hair (-s), hare (-s) hairy, harry hall, haul hallo, hallow (?) halve, have handsome, hansom hangar (-s), han
49、ger (-s) hardy, hearty hairier, harrier hart (-s), heart (-s) hay, hey hays, haze 20 hed, heed, heid heal (-s), heel (-s), hell hear, here heir (see air) heard, herd heroin, heroine (?) hertz, hurts hew (-s), hue (-s) hi, hie, high hide, hied higher, hire him, hymn ho, hoe hoar, whore hoard, horde, whored hoarse, horse hoes, hose hold, holed hole (-s), whole (-s) holey, holy, wholly hoop, whoop hostel, hostile hour (-s), our (-s) humerus, humorous hurdle, hurtle (?) 21 I I (see aye) Id (see eyed) ide (see eyed) idyl (-s), idyll (-s), idle (-s), ido
