1、中华英语学习网 中 国 社 会科学 院 2006 年 博士研究 生 入学考试 试 题 Part Vocabulary Section A (10 points) Directions: Choose the word that is the closest in meaning with the underlined word. 1. With computers doubling in speed and power every couple of years, and with genetic engineerings dazzling feats growing more and mor
2、e routine, the battered American faith in technological progress has been growing stronger and giddier of late. A . i n t r i g u i n g B . o r n a t e C . b r i l l i a n t D . o b s e s s i n g 2. One suggested method of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi of the engineering firm G
3、oodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout (a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices), which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off the oxygen supply. A . r es tr ai n ing B. com pr is ing C. em br acing D . r eleas in g 3. The two fanatic Puerto Rican nationalists who
4、tried to assassinate Harry Truman in 1950 attacked him when he was living across the street in Blair House while the White House was being renovated. A. refurbished B. refurnished C. reiterated D. repainted 4. But by the time we are adult, the childhood hiding which dwindled to adolescent shyness, i
5、s expected to disappear altogether, as we bravely stride out to meet our guests, hosts, companions, relatives, colleagues, customers, clients, or friends. A . s uc cum bed B. r es or te d C. ada pt ed D . d im inis he d 5. The Taganka production Poslushaite (“Listen”), culled from statements and wor
6、ks of Vladimir Mayakovsky, proved to be a singular exception. A . r ejec t ed B . des cen de d C . c onf ir m ed D . s ele cte d 6. Many feel Kennedys commitment was a desperate political maneuver to lift himself out of the calamity of the Bay of Pigs. A . lim elig ht B. ploy C. bi d D . thr esh ol
7、d 7. Some industrial workers were trying, quietly and peacefully, to create a network of free trade unions, modeled presumably on Polands famous Solidarity, which was an anathema to the regime. A . a c ur s e B . a co up C . a s pum e D . a s inew 8. In many simple organisms, including bacteria and
8、various protists, the life cycle is completed within a single generation: an organism begins with the fission of an existing individual; the new organism grows to maturity; and it then splits into two new individuals, thus completing the cycle. A . s pli t B. f us io n C . e xp los ion D . m odif ic
9、a ti on 9. Some pundits are worried that these candidate Q-and-A sessions have supplanted regular newscasts with something less rigorous journalistically, but the carping seems misguided. A . s ucc eed e d B. s u per s ed ed C. dis t or te d D . c o m pleted 10. On any corner, sane men, fanatics and
10、 demagogues could secure audiences to listen to their oratory, in which they adjured their hearers to rise in their might and drive the invader from their sacred soil. A. abjured B. appealed C. repudiated D. refuted Section B (10 points) 中华英语学习网： 官方总站： 中华英语学习网，打造最专业的学习网站 中华英语学习网 Directions: Choose t
11、he word that best completes the sentence. 11. At the outset, Nixon warned, too, that a great effort would be needed to meet the Communist challenge. But his audiences seemed in such warnings, preferring to be reassured. A. interested B. disinterested C. uninterested D. interesting 12. Meanwhile, the
12、 US and Israel regard Iran as a rogue state that seeks to export terror, build nuclear weapons and the Middle East peace process. A . co ns p ir e B. d evi ate C. dis t or t D . s abo ta ge 13. The slogan “scientific truth is a matter of social authority” has become dogma to many academic interest g
13、roups who have been themselves to substitute their authority for that of the practicing scientists. A . gr ud gi ng B . e xer ti ng C . s w arm ing D . d etes t in g 14. None of these is an end in itself. They are tentative, experimental. They are movements not towards something definite but away fr
14、om something definite. A. assurance B. expedients C. awareness D. doubts 15. Nxele denounced sorcery, adultery, , incest, extortion, and murder; he would not eat prepared food, which he said was unclean, and stopped drinking milk. A. monogamy B. monologue C. polygamy D. polygene 16. “The foreign tea
15、chers wondered what we Chinese teachers do in political meetings and I told them that we had to go through the of lengthy formalities.” A . r igm ar ole B . si gn if ica nce C . c om m is er ati on D . im plicati on 17. According to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 1995,
16、the wealthiest 10 percent of Chinas population received 30.9 percent of the income, while the poorest 10 percent received only 2.2 percent. Such in income and wealth are found in both cities and rural areas. A . i d e n t i c a l n e s s B . d i s p a r i t i e s C . e gal ita r ianis m D . ur m udg
17、e ons 18. In addition to the Mandarin dialects, there are six other Chinese dialect groups, spoken mainly in southern and southeastern China. This linguistic ， particularly in southeastern China, has provided the basis for strong regional identity and some ethnic variation within the larger Han comm
18、unity. A . f r agm ent ati on B. un an im ity C . l eth ar gy D . a po the os is 19. Her taste runs also to arrangements of Chopin and Joplin, as well as to Japanese and Brazilian music, part of approach that is winning her fans around the world. A . a h ete r oge neo us B. an ec lect ic C. a homoge
19、neous D. a monotonous 20. is practiced to some extent by the adherents of every religion. It often requires abstinence from food, drink, or sexual activity, as in fasting or celibacy and it may also require physical pain or discomfort, such as endurance of extreme heat or cold or self-punishment. A
20、. Extr a vag anc e B. O p ul ence C . D eter i or ati on D . A s ceticis m 中华英语学习网： 官方总站： 中华英语学习网，打造最专业的学习网站 中华英语学习网 Part Grammar Section A (10 points) Directions: Choose the answer that best fills in the blank. 21. The buffalo which the lion feels provokes his aggression as little as the appetizing
21、 turkey which I have just seen hanging in the larder provokes . A . m e B . t hem C. it D . m ine 22. Here, so profligate has its use become the air conditioner is almost the automobile of the national tendency to overindulge in every technical possibility, to use every convenience to such excess th
22、at the country looks downright coddled. A. as glaring symptom as B. as glaring a symptom as C. as symptom glaring as D. as glaring as a symptom 23. The touch excites no defensive response unless the approach is from above where the spider can see the motion, on its hind legs, lifts its front legs, o
23、pens its fangs and holds this threatening posture as long as the object continues to move. A. in which case it rises B. in that case it rises C. in which case does it rise D. such being the case it rises 24. As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three
24、to five years, plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, _plants with outdated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker. A . b e c a u s e B . e v e n t h o u g h C . w h i l e D . s i n c e 25. from her contract, De Ha
25、villand sued the studio and, after a two-year battle, won her case in a landmark decision that benefited all contract actors. A. Determined being released B. Determining to be released C. Determined to be released D. Determining to be releasing 26. The game of golf became so popular in Scotland that
26、 in order to keep people from playing golf when they archery, a military necessity, the Scottish parliament passed a special law in 1457. The Scottish people, however, largely ignored this similar law. A. should have been practicing B. should be practicing C. had been practicing D. were practicing 2
27、7. If at some point they do import Christianity, it is that it will be absorbed and adapted _ strengthen the continuing core of Chinese culture. A. more than likely.in such a manner as to B. more likely than.in such a manner so as to C. likely more than.in a manner so as to D. more likely.to such a
28、manner as 28. A rogue loose called a hacker could take control of the entire system by implanting his own instructions in the software and then he could program the computer to erase any s ign . A. of his being ever there B. he ever has been there C. of his having ever been there D. of him having ev
29、er been there 29. at the outset, instead of shifting things about may be pheromones released when they reach committee size. A. The stimuli set them off.build collectively 中华英语学习网： 官方总站： 中华英语学习网，打造最专业的学习网站 中华英语学习网B. The stimuli that set them off.building collectively C. The stimuli setting them off.
30、they build collectively D. Being set off by stimuli.their building collectively 30. When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others._ about the depth and breadth of p
31、eopletheir history, interest, values, strengths and true characterwe categorize them as jocks, geeks or freaks. A . Ra ther tha n l ear n B. T o m ake sur e to lear n C. As soon as learning D. As a replacement for learning Section B (10 points) Directions: Choose the letter that indicates the error
32、in the sentence. 31. Such an extravagance merely to provide comfort is peculiarly American and A B striking at odds with all the recent rhetoric about national sacrifice in a period of C menacing energy shortages. D 32. Other modern industrial nations such as Japan, Germany and France have managed a
33、ll along to thrive with mere fractions of man-made coolness used in the U. S, and precious little of A B C D that in private dwellings. 33. Thousands of tired, underfed, poorly clothed Confederate soldiers, long since past the A B simple enthusiasm of the early days of the struggle somehow considere
34、d Lee the symbol of C everything that they had been willing to die. D 34. It is only when you watch the dense mass of thousands of ants, crowded togetherA B around the Hill, that you begin to see the whole beast, and now you observe it C to think, plan, calculate. D 35. Although postmordernism incor
35、porates large helpings of Freudianism and the A more credulous kind of cultural anthropology, it remains a fundamentally “left” phenomena, in the sense of maintaining an implacable hostility to market B C D economics and traditional social structures. 36. Restrained from the slave-tradethe favorite
36、traffic of the chiefsopposed in A their marauding propensity, and threatened by the desertion of their slaves and women, who begin to understand that by flight into the towns of the Republic 中华英语学习网： 官方总站： 中华英语学习网，打造最专业的学习网站 中华英语学习网 they can free themselves from the domestic institutions of slavery
37、and polygamy, it is not probable that heathen princes and chiefs would be favorable to the B government which they imagine is operating detrimentally in these respects to C its interest. D 37. After 1945 both American scholarship and a resurgence of Marxist thought increasingly A penetrated European
38、 sociology, which expanded considerably. To a growing extent B in both the United States and Western Europe, the three dominating figures of C Marx, Durkheim, and Weber were recognized as the preeminent classical thinkers of the sociological tradition. Their work continued to influence contemporary
39、sociologists. D 38. Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and A journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressing, stood in constant opposition to B one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that C each time ended, either in a revolu
40、tionary re-constitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes. D 39. If marriage exists only as an intimate relationship that can be terminated at will, and A family exists only by virtue of bonds of affection, both marriage and family B are relegated to the market pla
41、ce of trading places, with individuals maximizing C his psychological capital by moving through a series of more or less satisfying intimate D relationships. 40. Certainly the humanist thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, who areA our ideological ancestors, thought that the goal of l
42、ife was the unfolding of a persons potentialities; what mattered to them was the person who is much, not the one B C who has much or use much. D Part Reading comprehension: (30 points) 中华英语学习网： 官方总站： 中华英语学习网，打造最专业的学习网站 中华英语学习网 Directions: Answer all the questions based on the information in the pass
43、ages below. Passage 1 Instinct is usually defined as the faculty of acting in such a way as to produce certain ends, without foresight of the ends, and without previous education in the performance. That instincts, as thus defined, exist on an enormous scale in the animal kingdom needs no proof. The
44、y are the functional correlatives of structure. With the presence of a certain organ goes, one may say, almost always a native aptitude for its use. “Has the bird a gland for the secretion of oil? She knows instinctively how to press the oil from the gland, and apply it to the feather. Has the rattl
45、esnake the grooved tooth and gland of poison? He knows without instruction how to make both structure and function most effective against his enemies. Has the silk worm the functions of secreting the fluid silk? At the proper time she winds the cocoon such as she has never seen, as thousands before
46、have done; and thus without instruction, pattern, or experience, forms a safe abode for herself in the period of transformation. Has the hawk talons? She knows by instinct how to wield them effectively against the helpless quarry.” (Chadbourne, 1872) A very common way of talking about these admirabl
47、e definite tendencies to act is by naming abstractly the purpose they subserve, such as self-preservation, or defence, or care for eggs and youngand saying the animal has an instinctive fear of death or love of life, or that she has an instinct of self-preservation, or an instinct of maternity and t
48、he like. But this represents the animal as obeying abstractions which not once in a million cases is it possible it can have framed. The strict physiological way of interpreting the facts leads to far clearer results. The actions we call instinctive all conform to the general reflex type; they are called forth by determinate sensory stimuli in contact with the animals body, o
