1、高中英语短语、句型、搭配词典(上)about1. be about sth 忙于做某事，在干某事。如：What are you about? 你在干(忙 )什么? He knew what he was about. 他知道自己在干什么。2. be about to do sth(1) 即将，马上(不与具体时间状语连用 )。如：Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好，电影马上就要开发始了。He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 他正要上床睡觉，这时电话铃响了起来。(2
2、) 打算，有意(主要见于美国英语中，且主要用于否定句)。如：Im not about to lend him any more money. 我不打算再借给他任何钱。Im not about to stop when Im so close to success. 现在我已接近要成功了，我不打算放弃。3. How What about (doing) sth? (1) 用于征求意见，意为：你认为( 做)某事怎么样? 如：How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶怎么样? What about a game of table tennis? 打场乒乓球怎么样? (2)
3、询问情况或打听消息，意为：( 做)某事怎么样? 如：What about that matter the other day? 早几天的那件事怎么样了? (3) 表示讽刺或挖苦，意为：你做某事又作何解释? 你做某事又怎么说? 如：A：I have never had an accident while driving. 我开车从未出过事。B：How about that time you ran into a lamppost? 那次你撞到路灯上又怎么解释呢? 注：有时用于人。如：Im ready. What about you? 我已准备好了，你呢? How about Mother? Is
4、 she all right? 妈妈怎么样? 她好吗? above1. above all 首先，最重要的是。如：Above all, he was not honest. 最重要的是他不诚实。But above all tell me quickly what I have to do now. 但现在首先要告诉我要去做什么。2. be above one (ones head) 太高深，无法理解。如：The book is above the boy. 这个孩子读不懂这本书。The lecture was above the heads of most students. 这个讲座大部分学
5、生理解不了。3. get above oneself 自高自大，自命不凡。如：Dont get above yourself. 不要自以为了不起。Now he is getting far above himself. 他现在有变得狂妄了。absence1. in (during) ones absence / in (during) the absence of(1) 当某人不在时。如：Please look after my house in (during) my absence. 我不在的时候，请照看一下我的房子。In the absence of the manager, I sha
6、ll be in charge. 经理不在时，由我负责。(2) (由于 )缺乏某物，在缺乏某物的情况下。如：Plants cannot exist in the absence of oxygen, nor can animals. 植物在无氧情况下不能生存，动物也是一样。He was forced to accept it as true in the absence of other evidence. 由于没有别的证据，他只好认为那是真实的。2. absence of mind 心不在焉。如：Absence of mind may have bad results. 心不在焉可能会导致糟
7、糕的结果。absent1. be absent from 不在，缺席。如：He was absent from the meeting. 他没有参加会议。比较(注意介词不同导致含义的变化) ：He is absent from Beijing. 他不在北京( 而在别处)。He is absent in Beijing. 他不在这里而在北京。2. absent oneself from 缺席，不在。如：He absented himself from the meeting. 他没有出席会议。Why did you absent yourself from class yesterday? 你昨
8、天为什么没来上课 ? accident1. by accident 偶然地，无意中。如：I found it by accident. 我是无意中找到它的。Columbus discovered America by accident. 哥伦布偶然发现了美洲大陆。注：by accident 主要用作状语，有时也用作表语。如：Our meeting in Paris was by accident. 我们在巴黎见面是个巧合。2. by accident of 因为的机会，由于 的运气。如：By accident of birth, he was rich. 他有幸生在富裕家庭。3. withou
9、t accident 平安无事地。如：That night passed without accident. 一夜平安无事。The ship arrived there without accident. 船平安到达那儿。according1. according as 根据，随而定(后接从句) 。如：Everyone contributes according as he is able. 每个人根据自己的能力作出贡献。You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. 根据你工作的好坏，你会得到表扬或批评
10、。According as you are studying now, you wont make much progress. 根据你现在学习情况来看，你不会有多大的进步。2. according to(1) 根据，按照(主要引出状语 )。如：Everything went off according to plan. 一切都按照计划实现了。According to my watch it is five oclock. 照我的表，现在是五点钟。Each man will be paid according to his ability. 每个人将根据他的能力获得报酬。注：according
11、 to 后一般不接 view(看法) 和 opinion(意见)这类词，也不接表示第一人称的代词(me, us)。如：依我看，这部电影很不错。正：In my opinion, the film is wonderful. 误：According to my opinion, the film is wonderful. 误：According to me, the film is wonderful. (2) 合乎，符合(主要引出表语 )。如：It is not according to his nature to give praise. 他本性不喜欢颂扬。account1. by (fro
12、m) all accounts 据说，据报道，根据各方面所说。如：He is a great football player, from all accounts. 据说他是个很不了起的足球运动员。Ive never been there but it is, by all accounts, a lovely place. 我从未去过那地方，但听说那地方很好。2. on account of 因为，由于。如：He couldnt come on account of his illness. 他因病不能前来。On account of holiday our store will be cl
13、osed tomorrow. 由于明天是假日，我们商店停止营业。3. on all accounts (on every account) 总之，无论如何。如：On all accounts you must go. 总之，你一定得去。It is best to stay here on every account. 总之，留在这儿是最好的。4. on no accounts 绝不，无论如何都不。如：My name must on no accounts be mentioned to anyone. 我的名字是绝不能向任何人提起的。I will never do such a thing o
14、n any account. 无论如何我决不做这样的事。若置于句首，句子要用倒装句式。如：On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。5. on ones account 为了某人的缘故。如：Dont put off the meeting on my account. 不要为了我而把会议推迟。I didnt tell her the news on her husband. 由于她丈夫的关系，我没有把这消息告诉她。6. take sth into account 考虑，注意。如：You should take the exp
15、enses into account. 你应该把费用考虑进去。When judging his performance, dont take his age into account. 评定他的表现时，不必考虑他的年龄。有时 sth 较长，也可放在后面。如：We must take into account the boys long illness. 我们必须考虑到这个孩子已经病了很久。有时也可说成 take account of sth。如：You must take account of this fact. / You must take this fact into account.
16、 你必须考虑到这个事实。act1. act as (临时)担任，充当，起的作用。如：A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind person. 经过训练的狗可以担任盲人的向导。表示担任独一无二的职务，其前通常不用冠词。如：He acted as manager in my absence. 我不在时他担任经理。I dont understand their language; youll have to act asinterpreter. 我不懂他们的语言，你得当翻译了。2. act for 代理 (某人职务)，代为(处理某事) 。如：Please
17、 act for me during my absence. 我不在时请代理我处理事务。I acted for our captain while he was in hospital. 我们队长住院时由我代理他。3. act out (用手势和语言 )表演出来。如：Lets act out the story of the three bears once more. 让我们再把这三只熊的故事表演一次吧。4. act on (upon) 对起作用，对 有效。如：The drug acts on the stomach. 这药对胃有效。Alcohol acts on the nervous s
18、ystem. 酒精对人的神经系统有影响。5. in the act (of) 当场，正在动作时。如：He was in the very act of starting. 他正准备动身。He was caught in the act (of reading my private letters). 他(在读我的私信时) 被当场抓住。action1. in action 在活动中，在进行中，在运转中，在战斗中。如：Ive heard hes an excellent player but Ive never seen him in action. 我听说他是位高手，但还从未实地见过。The m
19、achine is now in action. 机器正在运转。He was killed in action in France. 他在法国阵亡。2. out of action 失去作用，出故障，不中用。如：The engine is out of action. 发动机出了故障。Ive been out of action for several weeks with a broken leg. 我的腿摔折了，已经好几个星期没有工作了。3. take action 采取行动。如：I felt that it was time for me to take action. 我感到是我该采取
20、行动的时候了。Immediate action must be taken to stop the fire spreading. 必须采取行动阻止火势蔓延。add1. add in 包括。如：Dont forget to add me in. 别忘了把我也算上。Would you add in these items, please? 请你把这些条款包括进去好吗? 2. add to 增加。如：This adds to our difficulties. 这增加了我们的困难。It adds to my pleasure to see you here today. 今天在这里见到你我格外高兴
21、。3. add up(1) 加起来。如：You havent added the figures up right. 这些数字你没有加对。(2) 有意义，有道理(主要用于口语中，且主要用于否定句)。如：His excuse just doesnt add up. 他的借口完全站不住脚。What he said doesnt add up. 他说的话自相矛盾。4. add up to(1) 加起来等于，总计。如：The figures add up to 500. 这些数字加起来等于 500。The costs added up to 1000 dollars. 费用总计为 1000 美元。(2
22、) 总起来看说明了。如：Your long answer just adds up to a refusal. 你的冗长回答简直等于拒绝。The evidence all adds up to a case of murder. 所有证据都说明这是一起谋杀案。addition1. in addition 此外，另外，还有。如：I met some friends and other people in addition. 我遇到了几位朋友，还遇到了其它一些人。You need money and time, in addition, you need diligence. 你需要金钱和时间，此
23、外你还需要努力。2. in addition to 除之外。如：We play football in addition to basketball. 除了篮球外，我们还踢足球。In addition to English, he has to study a second foreign language. 除英语外，他还得学第二外语。In addition to the overcoat you asked for, I bought you a shirt. 除了你要的上衣外，我还给你买了件衬衫。注：in addition to 中的 to 为介词，所以后接动词作宾语时要用动名词。如：I
24、n addition to giving me some advice, he gave me some money. 他不仅给我提了些忠告，而且还给了我一些钱。另外，当主语后跟有 in addition to 引出的介词短语时，谓语动词仍与其前的主语保持一致。如：The teacher, in addition to his students, was interested in the book. 老师和他的学生都对这本书感兴趣。admire 1. admire sb for sth 因为某事情而佩服某人We admire him for his bravery. 我们佩服他的勇敢。I a
25、dmire him for his success in business. 我们佩服他事来有成。注：有时以上句型可以简写，如上面两句的 him for 也可省略，即第一句可说成：We admire his bravery. admit1. admit of 容许有，有的余地，有 的可能。如：The matter admits of no delay. 此事刻不容缓。The word admits of no other meaning in the case. 该词在此例中不可能有其它的意义。2. admit to 承认。如：He admitted to the murder. 他供认了谋杀
26、罪。He admitted to having taken the money. 他承认拿了那笔钱。注：由于 admit 表示“ 承认” 可用作及物动词或不及物动词，所以上面各例中的介词 to 有时也可省略(省略 to 后 admit 为及物动词) 。3. admitto (into) 允许进入，使能进入。如：They admitted him to into their organization. 他们接受他参加了他们的组织。How many students have been admitted into the school this year? 今年这所学校有多少学生入学? 试比较(注
27、意介词不同)：He was admitted to (into) the Party. 他被吸收入党。He was admitted as a Party member. 他被接纳为党员。advance1. in advance 事先，提前。如：The heavy luggage was sent in advance. 笨重的行李已事先送去。Everything has been fixed in advance. 一切都已预先安排好了。2. in advance of 在前面，超过，比进步。如：She walked in advance of her husband. 她走在她丈夫前面。H
28、e is far in advance of his class. 他在班上遥遥领先。3. on the advance (物价)在上涨。如：Silk is on the advance. 丝绸价格在上涨。advantage1. have the (an) advantage over (of) 优于，比占有优势。如：He has an advantage over me for he knows some French. 由于他懂点法语，所以比我的条件有利。You have the advantage over (of) me in experience. 你经验比我丰富。有时用动词 gai
29、n, get 等。如：They gained an advantage over the enemy. 他们比敌人占优势。2. take advantage of(1) 利用(机会、时机等 )。如：They took advantage of the fine weather to play tennis. 他们利用好天气去打了网球。(2) 利用(某人的处境、弱点等)。如：He always took full advantage of the mistakes made by his rivals. 他总是充分利用对手所犯的错误。(3) 欺骗(某人)，捉弄(某人)，占(某人的) 便宜。如：H
30、e has always been taking advantage of me. 他老是在占我的便宜。3. to sbs advantage 对某人有利。如：The present world situation is to our advantage. 目前的世界形势对我们有利。It will be to your advantage to study abroad. 出国学习将对你有利。advertise1. advertise for sth (sb) 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人。如：He advertised for his missing wallet. 他登广告寻找他丢失的钱包。
31、I must advertise for a new secretary. 我必须登广告招聘一位新秘书。有时可后接不定式的复合结构。如：We should advertise for someone to do it. 我们应该登广告找一个人来做此事。注：advertise for 表示“ 登广告征求或寻找”，而不表示“为而登广告”，要表示后者只需用 advertise 即可( 即不能用介词 for)。如：People advertise things which they wish to sell. 人们为要卖的东西登广告。Jobs are advertised in the papers.
32、 报纸上登有招聘广告。advise 1. advise doing sth 建议做某事。如：He advised leaving early. 他建议早点动身。I advise waiting till proper time. 我建议等到适当时机。注：不能直接后跟不定式作宾语。所以不能说：* He advised to leave early. 2. advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事。如：He advised me to buy a computer. 他建议我买台电脑。The doctor advised me to take a complete rest. 医生建
33、议我完全休息。注：以上意思也可用后接从句的形式表达(注意从句用 shouldv. 这样的虚拟语气)。如上面第一句也可说成:He advised that I (should) buy a computer. 3. advise sb against doing sth 劝告某人不要做某事。如：He advised her against going out at night. 他劝她晚上不要出去。Her father advised her against marrying the worker. 她父亲劝告她不要嫁给这个工人。注：该句型有时可与 advise sb not to do sth
34、 替换。 如上面第一句也可说成：He advised her not to go out at night. 4. advise sb of sth 通知或告知某人有某情况。如：Please advise us of the arrival of the goods. 货物到达时请通知我们。afford 1. afford sth 出得起(钱或时间等)做某事。如：I cant afford so much money. 我出不起那么多钱。At least we can are able to afford a house! 至少我们还买得起一幢房子吧。2. afford to do sth 出
35、得起(钱或时间等) 做某事。如：We cant afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起那么高的价。Can you afford to lend me some money? 你能借出一些钱给我吗? 注：以上两类结构通常都与 can, be able to 等连用，且两者有时可互换。如：I cant afford (to buy) a new coat. 我买不起新外套。How can you afford (to spend) the money for a car? 你怎么有钱去小汽车呢? afraid1. be afraid of sth (sb) 害怕某事 (
36、某人)。如：Are you afraid of dogs? 你害狗吗? Theres nothing to be afraid of. 没什么可害怕的。比较：He is afraid of her. 他怕她。He is afraid with her. 跟她在一起时，他很害怕。2. be afraid of doing sth(1) 担心会发生某事或某情况( 但实际上未必会发生)。如：She was afraid of waking her husband. 她怕吵醒她丈夫。I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 我怕伤害她的感情。注：be afraid o
37、f doing sth 表示担心会发生某事或某情况时，其后也可用 be afraid that 替换。如：He was afraid of losing face. He was afraid (that) hed lose face. 他怕失面子。(2) 害怕做某事或不敢做某事( 指缺乏勇气或害怕其后果而不敢)。如：Im afraid of telling her. 我不敢告诉她。He was afraid of jumping. 他不敢跳。3. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事或不敢做某事。如：He was afraid to fly in a plane. 他不敢坐飞机
38、。He was afraid to go into the house and meet his father. 他不敢进屋去见他父亲。注：以上两类句型的异同之处：表示担心会发生某事或某情况，只能用 be afraid of doing sth, 而表示害怕做某事或不敢做某事等，则两者都可用。如：Dont be afraid to ask of asking question. 不要害怕问问题。He is afraid to go out of going out alone at night. 他不敢晚上一个人出去。after1. after all (尽管 )到底，毕竟，究竟。如：I wa
39、s right after all. 毕竟是我对。Im so sorry. I cant come after all. 对不起，我还是不能来。2. be after sth (sb) 追求，寻求，想得到。如：What are you after? 你追求什么 ? The police were after him. 警察在找她。This is the very book Im after. 这正是我要找的书。3. sth after sth (前后接同一名词，表示多次重复)。如：He fired shot after shot. 他打了一枪又一枪。Day after day the rain
40、 continued. 雨一天一天地下着。They worked there year after year. 年复一年他们就工作在那儿。again1. again and again 反复地，一再地。如：Ive told you that again and again. 这事我反复告诉过你。He made the same mistake again and again. 他反复犯同样的错误。age1. at the age of 在年龄时。如：I left school at the age of 18. 我中学毕业时 18 岁。He got married at the age of
41、25. 他 25 岁时结婚。注：at the age of 20 (在 20 岁时 )也可说成 at age 20。2. at ones age 在某人的年龄岁数时。如：At your age you should know better. 你这个年纪应该比较明白事理了。She ought to be earning her own living at her age. 像她这样的年纪应该自食其力了。When I was your age, I had to work. 我像这样大的时候，我得工作了。agree1. agree with(1) 表示同意某人或某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等 (即
42、持同一观点)。如：I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。We agree with what you say. 我们同意你说的。(2) 表示“(食物、天气、工作等) 对适宜”。如：The food does not agree with me. 这食物对我不适合。Hard work does not agree with him. 艰苦的工作对他不适宜。(3) 表示“与一致”。如：His story agrees with the facts. 他的陈述与事实相符。A verb must agree with its subject in person and n
43、umber. 动词必须和它的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。2. agree to (1) 后接某些名词，表示同意或接受某事，尤其指别人提出的某事，有时可能是自己不喜欢的事。He agree the plan (the date). 他同意了这个计划(日期)。We agreed to their arrangement. 我们同意了他们的安排。I was forced to agree to it, but at heart I didnt quite agree with it. 我被迫答应，但内心并不完全同意。(2) 后接动词原形(此时 to 是不定式符号) 或动名词(一般有逻辑主语，此时 t
44、o 是介词)。如：We agreed to leave early. 我们同意早点出发。She agreed to my going home. 她同意我回去。注：英语不说 agree sb to do sth。如不说：* She agreed me to go home. 3. agree on upon(1) 主要指双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议。如：Can we agree on a price (a date)? 我们能不能商定一个价格(日期)? Both sides agreed on these terms. 双方都同意这些条件。注：在正式文体中，有时可省略介词 on。如：C
45、an we agree a price (date)? (2) 后接动名词，表示同意做某事。如：He agreed on helping us. 他同意帮助我们。注：与 agree to do sth 大致同义。所以上句也可说成：He agreed to help us. ahead1. ahead of：(1) 表示时间或空间，意为：在之前。如： He left one day ahead of me. 他比我早走一天。A new life lay ahead of him. 新的生活展现在他面前。(2) 表示能力、水平、地位或先进性等方面，意为：比 强或高( 主要用作表语)。如：Hes a
46、head of us in English. 他的英语比我们强。He is two classes ahead of me. 他比我高两班。(3) 用于 ahead of time (schedule)，意为：提前、提早。如：To my surprise he came ahead of time. 使我吃惊的是，他提前来了。The work was done ahead of schedule. 工作提前完成了。2. go ahead(1) 表示同意或允许，意为：说吧、做吧。如：A：Can I borrow your dictionary? 你可以用你的词典吗? B：Yes, go ahea
47、d. 可以。A：Do you mind my smoking here? 我在这儿抽烟可以吗? B：No, go ahead. 没关系，你抽吧。(2) 表示继续做某事，意为：继续吧。如：Go ahead, we are all listening. 继续讲吧，我们都在听呢! Go ahead, what happened next? 说吧，下步怎么办? aim1. aim at 瞄准，针对。如：He aimed (his gun) at the target, fired and missed it. 他( 用枪) 瞄准目标开火，却未打中。When the teacher said that
48、there was a lazy boy in the class, he was aiming at John. 当老师说班上有个不用功的孩子时，他是针对约翰说的。注：有时其后也接介词 for, 表示希望达到某个目标。如：We should aim for the best results. 我们要力争获得最好的结果。2. aim to do sth 想要做某事，立志要做某事。如：She aimed to please her boss. 她想要讨好她的老板。We aim to solve the problem. 我们力求要解决这个问题。注：有时可与 aim at doing sth 互换
49、。如：He aims to be at being a writer. 他立志要当作家。air1. by air 乘飞机。如：He went to Paris by air. 他乘飞机去了巴黎。Which is faster, by air or by train? 坐飞机快还是坐火车快? 2. in the air 在空中；在流传中；渺茫。如：Birds fly in the air. 鸟在空中飞。The plan is quite (up) in the air. 计划还相当渺茫。3. on the air 在广播中。如：I heard the news on the air. 我在广播中听到了这条消息。Whats on the air this evening? 今晚有什么广播节目? all1. all along 一直，在整个期间。如：I thought all along that he would win. 我一直认为他会赢。We know all along that he is going to make it. 我们始终认为他是会成功的。2. all over 到处，
