1、考研 英语 二 81 分 考生 的 大小 作文 笔记 1 By 任我学书店 图表作文 （一） 第一节图表作文的类型 图表作文可分为两大类：表作文和图作文。 表作文 表格 (Table)可以使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由标题 (Title)、表头(Boxhead)(表格的第一行 )、侧目 (Stub)(表格左边的第一列 )和主体 (Body)部分 (表格的其余部分 )等部分组成。如下表： 用表格表达的信息具体准确，而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找出表格中各个项目的相互关系，表格中各个项目的变化规律。例如，上面的表格中的数字说明，和 1978 年相比， 1983 年
2、大学入学的人数 在增加，而小学的入学人数在减少。搞清楚这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的内容。 图作文 图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。 (1)圆形图作文 圆形图 (Pie chart)也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观，各部分空间大小差别容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示分量。有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。例如： This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain.As
3、can be see from the chart,the main expenditure of an average British family is spent on food,which accounts for 25%of its total expenditure.The next two significant expending items are transport and housing,which are 15%and 12%respectively.If we take into account clothing and footwear,which makes up
4、 10%,the four essentials of life,that is,food,transport,housing,and clothing and footwear,amount to 62%of the total expenditure. (2)曲线图作文 曲线图 (Line graph)也称为线性图或坐标图。曲线图最适合表示两个变量之 间关系的发展过程和趋势。一般来说，曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。曲线图有横轴和纵轴。一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等，然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化。例如： 这个曲线图的横轴代表 199
5、0 年的不同的月份，纵轴代表交通事故的数量。从交通事故曲线图上可知，前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月份升到了最高点 (39)，此后一直呈下降的趋势，十二月份降到了最低点 (16)。可见， 1990 年的交通事故的数量总体上呈下降的趋势。 (3)条形图作文 条形图 (Bar graph)也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同的量。当要比较几个项目或量时，常用不同颜色来区分。条形图主要用来表示： 1)同一项考研 英语 二 81 分 考生 的 大小 作文 笔记 2 By 任我学书店 目在不同时间的量 ;2)同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时，要先看图例，再看横轴
6、、纵横各代表什么量，每一个刻度所代表的值是多少，最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条间的相互关系。例如： 左边的条形图的横轴代表时间，纵轴代表期望寿命 (Life Expectancy)，这一条形图想要体现的是同一项目 (期望寿命 )在不同时间的量。右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间 ，纵轴是代表婴儿的死亡率 (Infant Mortality)，这一条形图想要体现的也是同一项目 (婴儿的死亡率 )在不同时间的量。左边的条形图表明 1990 年的人均期望寿命比 1960 年的人均期望寿命长20 岁，而 1990 年的婴儿死亡率比 1960 年的婴儿死亡率下降了 50%。 第二节图表作文的出题形式
7、 例 1 题目： Changes in Peoples Diet Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table.Write three paragraphs to: 1.state the changes in peoples diet(饮食 )in the past five years; 2.give possible reasons for the changes; 3.draw your own conclusion
8、s. You should quote as few figures as possible. 例 2 题目： Car Accidents Declining in Walton City Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline; 1.Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph; 2.Possible reason(s)for the decline of car acciden
9、ts in the city; 3.Your predictions of what will happen this year. Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible. 例 3 For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in Developing Countries.Your composition m
10、ust be no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the following instructions(given in Chinese): 1.以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命 (life expectancy)和婴儿死亡率 (infant mortality)的变化情况 2.说明引起变化的各种原因 从以上例子可见，图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线 图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们： 1)用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出
11、某种规律或趋势 ; 2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。 第三节图表作文的写作要领 考研 英语 二 81 分 考生 的 大小 作文 笔记 3 By 任我学书店 图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。 写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信 息发表自己的看法。 图表作文的写作步骤 写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤： 1)认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不
12、同信息间的关系 ; 2)确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据 ; 3)编列文章的提纲 ; 4)根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡 ; 5)检查与修改。 图表作文的篇章结构 写图表作文时，常采用三段式的谋篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分 析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为： 第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想 第二段：分析产生的原因 第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议 图表作
13、文常用的句型 (1)常用的开篇句型 (即概述图表内容时常用的表达法 ) According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph,we can see/conclude that 根据该表 /图，我们可知 The table/graph reveals(shows/indicates/illustrates/represents/points out)that 该表 /图表明 As we can see from the table As can be seen from the line/bar graph As is shown(illus
14、trated/indicated)in the pie chart 如表 /图所示， (2)描述增减变化常用的句型 Compared withis still increased by The number ofgrew/rose fromto An increase is shown in;then came a sharp increase of 考研 英语 二 81 分 考生 的 大小 作文 笔记 4 By 任我学书店 Inthe number remains the same/drops to There was a very slight(small/slow/gradual)ris
15、e/increase in 1990. There was a very steady(marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/dramatic)drop(decrease/decline/fall/reduction)in 1998/compared with that of last year). 下面 是 根据例 2 的题目要求写的范文。 From the graph,we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. The first
16、two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. From June on,the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline remarkably,and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year.
17、Therefore,its obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 1990. 主题句 /概述表格反映的内容 (5)反映交通事故的变化情况(6)小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势 There are several reasons for the decline. First,a new traffic law was made and came into force. It provided that in summer every car must be air-conditioned. As a result,the high
18、est rate in August,when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents,dropped steadily. Second,new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened,which quickened the flow of traffic. Finally,the city administration made great efforts to heighten peoples
19、 awareness of observing traffic rules. 主题句 原因 /措施一 解释措施一 /次要辅助 采取措施一后的结果 原因 /措施二 原因 /措施三 With all these new measures,Im sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on falling this year. 总结：展望未来的情况 第四节、图表作文练习及其参考范文 下面 是 写作练习 ， 在写作的过程中注意审题，考虑文章的结构、采用的扩展方法、开头的结尾的方法以及文章中的过渡等。 练习 1： Directions:
20、For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on Changes in Peoples Diet.Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table.Write three paragraphs to: 1.state the changes in peoples diet(饮食 )in
21、the past five years; 2.give possible reasons for the changes; 3.draw your own conclusions. You should quote as few figures as possible. As is shown in the table,there have been great changes in peoples diet between 1986 and 1990. From the table,we can find that grain,formerly the main food of most C
22、hinese people,is now playing a less important role in peoples diet. And the same goes for fruit and vegetables. On the other hand,the consumption of high-nutrition food such milk and meat has increased rapidly. 考研 英语 二 81 分 考生 的 大小 作文 笔记 5 By 任我学书店 What has caused these changes?There are mainly thre
23、e reasons(主题句 ).(6)First,people are much wealthier than before.(7)With higher income,they can afford to buy nutritious foods.(8)Second,people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health.(9)Lack of certain amount of meat or milk,for example,will result in poor health.(10)Finally,o
24、wing to the economic reform,meat and milk,which were scarce in the past,are produced in large quantities. (11)Although milk and meat are important to ones health,eating too much rich food may result in obesity and may other diseases.(12)Therefore,people should not only eat a lot of milk and meat,but
25、 also enough grain,fruit and vegetable for the sake of their health. 图表作文 （二） 一、图表作文写作常识 1、图形种类及概述法： 泛指一份数据图表： a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table 饼图： pie chart 直方图或柱形图： bar chart/histogram 趋势曲线图： line chart/curve diagram 表格图： table 流程图或过程图： flow chart/sequence diagram 程序图： processing/proc
26、edures diagram 2、常用的描述用法 The table/chart diagram/graph shows（ that） According to the table/chart diagram/graph As（ is） shown in the table/chart diagram/graph As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures， figures/statistics shows（ that） It can be seen from the figures/statistics We can s
27、ee from the figures/statistics It is clear from the figures/statistics It is apparent from the figures/statistics table/chart/diagram/graph figures（ that） table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how 3、图表中的数据（ Data）具体表达法 数据（ Data）在某一个时间段固定不变： fixed in time 在一系列的时间段中转变： changes over time
28、 持续变化的 data 在不同情况下： 增加： increase/raise/rise/go up 考研 英语 二 81 分 考生 的 大小 作文 笔记 6 By 任我学书店 减少： decrease/grow down/drop/fall 波动： fluctuate/rebound/undulate/wave 稳定： remain stable/stabilize/level off 最常用的两种表达法： 动词 +副词形式（ Verb+Adverb form） 形容词 +名词形式（ Adjective+Noun form） 二、相关常用词组 1、主章开头 图表类型： table、 chart
29、、 diagramgraph、 column chart、 pie graph 描述： show、 describe、 illustrate、 can be seen from、 clear、 apparent、 reveal、 represent 内容： figure、 statistic、 number、 percentage、 proportion 2、表示数据变化的单词或者词组 rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的 dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的 significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的 sharp/sha
30、rply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的 steep/steeply 急剧升降的 steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的 gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的 slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的 slight/slightly 轻微的、略微地 stable/stably 稳定的 3、其它在描述中的常用到的词 significant changes 图中一些较大变化 noticeable trend 明显趋势 during the same period 在同一时期 grow/grew 增长 distribute 分布，区别 unequally 不相等地 in the c
31、ase of adv.在 的情况 下 in terms of/in respect of/regarding 在 方面 in contrast 相反，大不相同 government policy 政府政策 market forces 市场规率 考研 英语 二 81 分 考生 的 大小 作文 笔记 7 By 任我学书店 measure n.尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，调节 forecast n.先见，预见 v.预测 三、英语图表写作套句精选 1.the table shows the changes in the number ofover the period fromto 该表格描述了在 年
32、之 年间 数量 的变化。 2.the bar chart illustrates that 该柱状图展示了 3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding 该图为我们提供了有关 有趣数据。 4.the diagram shows（ that） 该图向我们展示了 5.the pie graph depicts（ that） 该圆形图揭示了 6.this is a cure graph which describes the trend of 这个 曲线图描述了 的趋势。 7.the figures/statistics show（ tha
33、t） 数据（字）表明 8.the tree diagram reveals how 该树型图向我们揭示了如何 9.the data/statistics show（ that） 该数据（字）可以这样理解 10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that 这些数据资料令我们得出结论 11.as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table 如图所示 12.according to the chart/figures 根据这些表（数字） 13
34、.as is shown in the table 如表格所示 14.as can be seen from the diagram， great changes have taken place in 从图中可以看出， 发生了巨大变化。 15.from the table/chart/diagram/figure， we can see clearly thator it is clear/apparent from the chart that 从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到 16.this is a graph which illustrates 这个图表向我们展示了 17.this
35、table shows the changing proportion of a(2)to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input.We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by it,because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread,it will surely threaten the development of the whole societ
36、y.Though with various reasons and forms,from the perspective of the essence,the problems brought by it originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production.Thus,we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle. Due to the depth and width of its harmf
37、ul influence,we should draft our solution scientifically and systematically on the basis of deep analysis of its problem.We must acquire our power from technology,management,law and culture to tackle the problem,effectively eliminate the shadow of_,and ensures ourselves a bright future. 反面现象批评型 1 Ho
38、w enlightening and compelling the above drawing is!It is so funny that whoever sees it cannot help thinking:_.(这句自己加完整，从宏观上描述一下图画就可以，笼统的，大体的 )_while_.(这句从微观上具体说明一下图画要描述的矛盾点，必须找到矛盾点，用到 while这个单词 )Simple as it looks,its intended meaning goes far deeper what on earth does the drawer really aim to conve
39、y. 第二段 What the image above vividly mirrors goes far more than a simple image,instead,it carries a thought provoking social phenomenon:_.（本文的主旨） There are upsetting(如文章不是讽刺性的，就把 upsetting删除 )parallels today in our contemporary community.For example,_.（ 举 2个例子，如果字数够就举 1个 ） 第三段： Much can be done.To be
40、gin with the schools and the mass media should develop,guide and cultivate noble and worthy values and qualities among people,doing their utmost to awaken people of the growing threat of this worsening situation.（ of this worsening situation自 己可以换成主旨的 词 ，如果不换，这样也可以。如文章不是讽刺性的，就把 worsening删除） What is
41、more,the authorities concerned should play a dominant role in taking nationwide actions to curb(如文章不考研 英语 二 81 分 考生 的 大小 作文 笔记 27 By 任我学书店 是讽刺性的，就把 curb换成 promote)such practices.In conclusion,all the society should make actively more sustained and concerted efforts.Although we still have a long way
42、to go,a promising start has begun,and a happy,healthy and harmonious society may be not be far behind. 注意事项： 卡通 cartoon也可以用以下几个 picture image drawing illustration 图画 Photo也可以用以下几个 picture image photograph 作文模版（四） 选择观点 -两种相互促进的事物或现象（正面意义倾向） A A A happiness BBB money AAA and BBB are nothing strange fo
43、r us,because increasingly more argumentations about them can be found in TV programs,newspapers,university classes and many aspects of our everyday life.People always confront the dilemma of choosing whether AAA or BBB. We can never separate AAA from BBB,because they two have close but complicated r
44、elationship.On one hand,in some sense,BBB is the foundation of AAA,creating favorable condition for AAAs improvement.Thus,it is quite rational for average people to choose BBB because of the obvious reason that BBB is closely associated with our life.On the other hand,AAA provides support and insura
45、nce for BBB.The main reason for my preference for AAA is that AAA will effectively promote the enrichment of human material and spiritual wealth,hence stimulating economic prosperity and social harmony All in all,taking into account all these merits that AAA and BBB boasts of,we should try our best
46、to motivate the better mergence and development of AAA and BBB,and hence ensure ourselves a bright future. The relationship between wealth and happiness has always been what some people long for.It is true that most of them try to acquire wealth by means of honest labor.Their efforts contribute to t
47、he welfare of the society and at the same time to the accumulation of their wealth,and hence to their happiness. There is no doubt that wealth brings happiness,especially in the modern society.Various kinds of up-to-date household appliances,latest fashions and recreations make their appearance with
48、 each passing day.All this makes our life more comfortable and colorful.Therefore,without money we cannot turn admiration into reality. Wealth,however,can also lead to disasters,if we have an inappropriate approach to it.Wealth may tempt weak-willed persons to be addicted to harmful habits,such as d
49、rug taking and gambling,and result in their own ruin.Besides,a person may lose his reason and go astray if he intends only to seek wealth and indulges himself in leading a luxurious life.For example,there are some government officials who take advantage of their positions to take bribes from the people turning to them for help.Obviously,wealth may bring us
