1、1994 Pasage 1 The American economic system is organized around a basicaly private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shal be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businesmen, striving t
2、o make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businesmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive presures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled wi
3、th the desire of businesmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shal be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expresed
4、 and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a proces in which prices rise and fal in response torelative demands of consumers and suplies offered by seler-producers. If the products is in short suply relative to the demand, the price wil be
5、bid up and some consumers wil be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a comodity results in reducing its cost, this wil tend to increase the suply offered by seler-producers, which in turn wil lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price i
6、s the regulating mechanism in the American economic system. The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permited to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services fo
7、r sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a fre contract with another private individual. 51. In line 8, paragraph 1,
8、 “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes“ means_. A Americans are never satisfied with their incomes B Americans tend to overstate their incomes C Americans want to have their incomes increased D Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes 52. The first two sentence
9、s in the second paragraph tel us that _. A producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production B consumers can expres their demands through producers C producers decide the prices of products D suply and demand regulate prices 53. According to the pasage, a private-enterprise economy is cha
10、racterized by _. A private property and rights concerned B manpower and natural resources control C ownership of productive resources D fre contracts and prices 54. The pasage is mainly about _. A how American goods are produced B how American consumers buy their goods C how American economic system
11、 works D how American businesmen make their profits 1994 Pasage 2 One hundred and thirten milion Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, acros the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking se
12、rvices available as wel. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scatered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us, the “cashless society“ is not on the horizon its already here. While computers
13、offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for selers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businesmen to keep track of their list of
14、goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to supliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be m
15、ade accordingly.And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop.Computers kee
16、p track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production proces itself. Numerous other comercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk procesors, bring beter and more efficient services to consumers through the use of comput
17、ers. 55. According to the pasage, the credit card enables its owner to _. A withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes B obtain more convenient services than other people do C enjoy greater trust from the storekeper D cash money wherever he wishes to 56. From the last sentence of the first pa
18、ragraph we learn that _. A in the future all the Americans wil use credit cards B credit cards are mainly used in the United State today C nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash D it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before 57. The phrase “ring up sales“ (line 2, paragraph 2) most
19、probably means “_“. A make an order of goods B record sales on a cash register C cal the sales manager D keep track of the goods in stock 58. What is this pasage mainly about? A Approaches to the comercial use of computers. B Conveniences brought about by computers in busines. C Significance of auto
20、mation in commercial enterprises. D Advantages of credit cards in busines. 1994 Pasage 3 Exceptional children are diferent in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their ful adult potential, their education must be adapted to those diferences. Although we
21、 focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as wel. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the suporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which except
22、ional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schols that we find the ful expresion of societys understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are pased on to the next generation. Education in any society is a miror of that society. In that miror
23、we can see the strengths, the weakneses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past thre decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special cond
24、itions, deserve the opportunity to fuly develop their capabilities. “All men are created equal.“ Weve heard it many times, but it stil has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this countrys founders to denote equality before the law, it has also be
25、en interpreted to mean equality of opportunity.That concept implies educational opportunity for all children the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be smal o r great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all child
26、ren disabled or not to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schols take the necesary steps to provide that education. In response, schols are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who canot profit substantialy from regular programs
27、. 59. In paragrah 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that_. A the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society B exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are C exceptional children are th
28、e key interest of the family and society D the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children 60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that_. A they are expected to be leaders of the society B they might become a burden
29、of the society C they should fuly develop their potentials D disabled children deserve special consideration 61. This pasage mainly deals with _. A the diferences of children in their learning capabilities B the definition of exceptional children in modern society C the special educational programs
30、for exceptional children D the necesity of adapting education to exceptional children 62. From this pasage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children_. A is now enjoying legal suport B disagres with the tradition of the country C was clearly stated by the countrys founders D wil
31、exert great influence over court decisions 1994 Pasage 3 Exceptional children are diferent in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their ful adult potential, their education must be adapted to those diferences. Although we focus on the needs of exception
32、al children, we find ourselves describing their environment as wel. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the suporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often th
33、e key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schols that we find the ful expresion of societys understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are pased on to the next generation. Education in any society is a miror of that society. In that miror we can see the strengths, the we
34、akneses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past thre decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity
35、to fuly develop their capabilities. “Al men are created equal.“ Weve heard it many times, but it stil has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this countrys founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality o
36、f opportunity.That concept implies educational opportunity for all children the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be smal o r great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children disabled or not to an appropr
37、iate education, and have ordered that public schols take the necesary steps to provide that education. In response, schols are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who canot profit substantialy from regular programs. 59. In paragrah 2, the author c
38、ites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that_. A the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society B exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are C exceptional children are the key interest of the family and
39、society D the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children 60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that_. A they are expected to be leaders of the society B they might become a burden of the society C they should fuly
40、 develop their potentials D disabled children deserve special consideration 61. This pasage mainly deals with _. A the diferences of children in their learning capabilities B the definition of exceptional children in modern society C the special educational programs for exceptional children D the ne
41、cesity of adapting education to exceptional children 62. From this pasage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children_. A is now enjoying legal suport B disagres with the tradition of the country C was clearly stated by the countrys founders D wil exert great influence over court
42、decisions 1994 Pasage 5 Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds“ to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic acidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicilin there and then
43、. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and eror. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score
44、. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal and so it goes with inovation in any field of activity. The prime diference between inovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but inovators work consciously on theirs, and they folow
45、them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional inovators see as solid possibilities. “Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that theres no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always ben done,“ wrote
46、Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple inovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?“ The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appe
47、ars. Inovators wil not acept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with geting from A to B, the average person wil automaticaly set out on the best-known and aparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to
48、be more interesting and chalenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals realy do march to a diferent drumer. 67. What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind“ in the first paragraph? AA person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation. B A citizen of a soci
49、ety that restricts personal creativity. C A person who has had no education. D An individual who often comes up with new ideas by acident. 68. Acording to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators? A The variety of ideas they have. B The inteligence they posess. C The way they deal with problems. D The way they present t
