1、2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类(A级)试题第1部分:词汇选项(第1。l5题,每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1 The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.A general B inflexible C complex D direct2 Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A send B hear C confirm D spread3 Come out, or Ill bust
2、the door down.A break B shut C set D beat4 The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A naked B blind C cautious D private5 The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A shorten B start C end D resume6 The proposal was endorsed by the majority of members.A rejected B su
3、bmitted C considered D approved7 The tower remains intact even after two hundred years.A unknown B undamaged unusual D unstable8 The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.A polluted B treated tested D corrupted9 The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.A reliable B
4、effective simple D alternative1 0 This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.A turned dead B become extinct passed by D carried away1 1 She shed a few tears at her daughters wedding.A wiped B injected removed D produced1 2 Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.A
5、 doubtful B untouched C certain D silent1 3 They didnt seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.A existence B cause C importance D situation1 4 Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.A moral B regular hard D fundamental1 5 Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this
6、 title.A argue B compete C claim D wish第2部分:阅读判断(第622题,每题1分,共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。MauPiailug,OceanNavigatorMau sailed from Hawaii to Tahiti using traditional methods.In early 1976, Mau Piailug, a fisherman, led an expedition in whi
7、ch he sailed atraditional Polynesian boat across 2,500 miles of ocean from Hawaii to Tahiti. ThePolynesian Voyaging Society had organised the expedition. Its purpose was to find out ifseafarers(海员)in the distant past could have found their way from one island to the otherwithout navigational instrum
8、ents, or whether the islands had been populated by accident. Atthe time, Mau was the only man alive who knew how to navigate just by observing the stars,the wind and the sea.He had never before sailed to Tahiti, which was a long way to the south. However, heunderstood how the wind and the sea behave
9、 around islands, so he was confident he couldfind his way. The voyage took him and his crew a month to complete and he did it without acompass or charts.His grandfather began the task of teaching him how to navigate when he was still ababy. He showed him pools of water on the beach to teach him how
10、the behaviour of thewaves and wind changed in different places. Later, Mau used a circle of stones to memorisethe positions of the stars. Each stone was laid out in the sand to represent a star.The voyage proved that Hawaiis first inhabitants came in small boats and navigated byreading the sea and t
11、he stars. Mau himself became a keen teacher, passing on histraditional secrets to people of other cultures so that his knowledge would not be lost. Heexplained the positions of the stars to his students, but he allowed them to write things downbecause he knew they would never be able to remember eve
12、rything as he had done.1 6 At the time of his voyage, Mau had unique navigational skills.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned1 7 Mau was familiar with the sea around Tahiti.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned1 8 Mau could not afford a compass or charts.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned1 9 Mau learnt navigation
13、 skills from his grandfather.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 Mau used stones to memorise where the stars were situated-in the sky.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 The first inhabitants of Hawaii could read and write.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 Mau expected his students to remember the posit
14、ions of the stars immediately.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23-题,每题1分,共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 TrafficJams-NoEndinSight1 Traffic congestion(拥堵)affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog indozens of cit
15、ies across both the developed and developing world. In the US, commuters(通勤人员)spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to theTexas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, mostpeople still choose their cars because
16、they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.2 The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, wherebycities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is highenough, some drivers will cancel their trips
17、or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work:Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks tocongestion pricing.3 Another way to reduce rush-hour traffic is for employers to implement flexitime, which letsemployees travel to and from work at off
18、-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those whohave to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow morestaff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.4 Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease tr
19、affic congestion is to build moreroads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But suchtechniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them.5 Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking
20、to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when publictransport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the Americangovernment has decided to spend some $7 billion on helping to increase capacity onpublic-transport systems and
21、 upgrade them with more efficient technologies. Butenvironmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the $50 billion being spent onroads and bridges.23 Paragraph 1_.24 Paragraph 2_.25 Paragraph 3_.26 Paragraph 4_. A Paying to get inB A solution which is no solutionC changing work pr
22、acticeD Closing city centres to trafficE Not doing enoughF A global problem27 Most American drivers think it convenient to_.28 If charged high enough, some drivers may _to enter certain parts of town.29 Building more roads is not an effective way to_.30 The U-S-government has planned to_ updating pu
23、blic-transport systems.第4部分:阅读理解(第31-45题,每题3分,共45分)下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇 OntheTrailoftheHoneyBadgerOn a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more abouthoney badgers(獾). The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help themloc
24、ate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgersmovements and behaviour as discreetly (谨慎地) as possible, without frightening them awayor causing them to change their natural behaviour. They also planned to trap a few and studythem close up before releasing them.
25、In view of the animals reputation, this was somethingthat even Khama was reluctant to do.“The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially whenthey see something new,“ he says.“That, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be adangerous mixture. If they sense yo
26、u have food, for example, they wont be shy about comingright up to you for something to eat. Theyre actually quite sociable creatures around humans,but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious (凶恶的).Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen.”The research con
27、firmed many things that were already known. As expected, honeybadgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared andavoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised,however, by the animals fondness for local melons, probably becau
28、se of their high watercontent. Previously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements fromits prey (猎物). The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgersoccasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results fr
29、omprevious research, including the fact that female badgers never socialised with each other.Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover largedistances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 squarekilometres. Although they seem happy to sh
30、are these territories with other males, there areA reduce traffic jamsB spend more moneyC drive aroundD travel regularlyE go by busF encourage more private carsoccasional fights over an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressivetowards each other as they are towards other species.A
31、s the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chanceto get up close to them without being the subject of the animals curiosity - or their suddenaggression. The badgers eating patterns, which had been disrupted, returned to normal. It alsoallowed the team to observe
32、more closely some of the other creatures that form workingassociations with the honey badger, as these seemed to adopt the badgers relaxed attitudewhen near humans.41 Why did the wildlife experts visit the Kalahari Desert?A To find where honey badgers live.B To observe how honey badgers behave.C To
33、catch some honey badgers for food.D To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.42 What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?A They show interest in things they are not familiar with.B They are always looking for food.C They do not enjoy human company.D It is common for them to attack pe
34、ople.43 What did the team find out about honey badgers?A There were some creatures they did not eat.B They were afraid of poisonous creatures.C They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.D Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.44 Which of the following is a typical feature of male
35、badgers?A They dont run very quickly.B They hunt over a very large area.C They defend their territory from other badgers.D They are more aggressive than females.45 What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?A They lost interest in people.B They became less aggressive towards oth
36、er creatures.C They started eating more.D Other animals started working with them.第二篇 WhysoManychildrenIn many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia, the population is growing fast. Thereason for this is simple: Women in these countries have a high birth ratefrom 3. 0 to 7.0children per wom
37、an. The majority of these women are poor, without the food or resources to carefor their families. Why do they have many so children? Why dont they limit the size of theirfamilies? The answer may be that they often have no choice. There are several reasons for this.One reason is economic. In a tradi
38、tional agricultural economy, large families are helpful.Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of theparents in old age. In an industrial economy, the situation is different. Many children do not help afamily; instead, they are an expense. Thus, industr
39、ialization has generally brought down the birthrate. This was the case in Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the earlypart of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate.After World War II, Italy s economy was rapidly moder
40、nized and industrialized. By the end of thecentury, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, the world s lowest.However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. SaudiArabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has one of the
41、highest percapita incomes in the world. Nevertheless, it also has a very high birth rate (7. 0). Mexico andIndonesia, on the other hand, are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but theyhave recently reduced their population growth.Clearly, other factors are involved. The most import
42、ant of these is the condition of women. Ahigh birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women.This would explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditional culture gives womenlittle education or independence and few possibilities outside the ho
43、me. On the other hand, theimproved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birthrates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education andopportunities for women.Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may
44、want to limit their familiesbut have no way to do so. In countries where governments have made birth control easilyavailable and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down. This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka,and India, as well as in Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, wom
45、en havealso been provided with health care and help in planning their families. These trends show that aneffective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economicconditions36 In a traditional agricultural economy, a large family_.A can be an advantageB may limit income
46、C isnt necessaryD is expensive37 When countries become industrialized, _.A families often become largerB the birth rate generally goes downC women usually decide not to have a familyD the population generally grows rapidly38 Italy today is an example of an_.A agricultural country with a high birth r
47、ateB agricultural country with a low birth rateC industrialized country with a low birth rateD industrialized country with a high birth rate39 Saudi Arabia is mentioned because it shows that_.A the most important factor influencing birth rate is the economyB factors other than the economy influence
48、birth rateC women who have a high income usually have few children D the birth rate depends on per capita income40 In Mexico, as in Thailand and Indonesia, the government_.A is not concerned about the status of womenB has tried to industrialize the country rapidlyC does not allow women to work outsi
49、de the homeD has tried to improve the condition of women第三篇 MakingaLossIstheHeightofFashionGiven that a good year in the haute couture ( 高级定制女装) business is one whereyou lose even more money than usual, the prevailing mood in Paris last week wassensational. The big-name designers were falling over themselves to boast of how manyoutfits they had sold at below cost price, and how this proved that the fashion business washealthier than ever. Jean-Paul Gaultier reported record sales, “bu