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2、8-647-7001(Fax) TheMathWorks,Inc. 3 Apple Hill Drive Natick, MA 01760-2098 Forcontactinformationaboutworldwideoffices,seetheMathWorksWebsite. MATLAB Creating Graphical User Interfaces COPYRIGHT 20002013 by The MathWorks, Inc. Thesoftwaredescribedinthisdocumentisfurnishedunderalicenseagreement. Theso
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8、ore U.S. patents. Please see for more information.Revision History November 2000 Online Only New for MATLAB 6.0 (Release 12) June 2001 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 6.1 (Release 12.1) July 2002 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 6.6 (Release 13) June 2004 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.0 (Release 14
9、) October 2004 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.0.1 (Release14SP1) March 2005 Online Only Revisedfor MATLAB 7.0.4 (Release 14SP2) September 2005 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.1 (Release 14SP3) March 2006 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.2 (Release 2006a) May 2006 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.
10、2 September 2006 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.3 (Release 2006b) March 2007 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.4 (Release 2007a) September 2007 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.5 (Release 2007b) March 2008 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.6 (Release 2008a) October 2008 Online Only Revised for MATLA
11、B 7.7 (Release 2008b) March 2009 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.8 (Release 2009a) September 2009 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.9 (Release 2009b) March 2010 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.10 (Release 2010a) September 2010 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.11 (Release 2010b) April 2011 Online On
12、ly Revised for MATLAB 7.12 (Release 2011a) September 2011 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.13 (Release 2011b) March 2012 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 7.14 (Release 2012a) September 2012 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 8.0 (Release 2012b) March 2013 Online Only Revised for MATLAB 8.1 (Release 2013a)
13、Contents IntroductiontoCreatingGUIs AboutGUIsinMATLABSoftware 1 WhatIsaGUI? 1-2 HowDoesaGUIWork? . 1-4 WhereDoIStart? 1-6 WaystoBuildMATLABGUIs . 1-8 HowtoCreateaGUIwithGUIDE 2 IntroductiontoGUIDE . 2-2 WhatIsGUIDE? 2-2 OpeningGUIDE 2-2 GettingHelpinGUIDE 2-4 LayingOutaGUIDEGUI 2-5 ProgrammingaGUIDE
14、GUI 2-5 AbouttheSimpleGUIDEGUI . 2-6 LayOuttheSimpleGUIinGUIDE 2-8 OpenaNewGUIintheGUIDELayoutEditor 2-8 SettheGUIFigureSizeinGUIDE . 2-11 AddComponentstotheSimpleGUIDEGUI . 2-12 SavetheGUILayout . 2-22 vCodetheSimpleGUIDEGUIBehavior 2-24 AddCodetotheSimpleGUIDEGUI 2-24 GenerateDatatoPlot 2-24 CodeP
15、op-UpMenuBehavior 2-26 CodePushButtonBehavior . 2-28 OpenandRuntheSimpleGUIDEGUI . 2-31 HowtoCreateaSimpleGUIProgrammatically 3 AbouttheSimpleProgrammaticGUI 3-2 CreatetheSimpleProgrammaticGUICodeFile 3-4 LayOuttheSimpleProgrammaticGUI 3-6 CreateaFigureforaProgrammaticGUI 3-6 AddComponentstoaProgram
16、maticGUI 3-6 CodetheSimpleProgrammaticGUI . 3-10 ProgramthePop-UpMenu 3-10 ProgramthePushButtons 3-11 ProgramCallbacksfortheSimpleGUIComponents . 3-11 InitializetheSimpleProgrammaticGUI . 3-12 TheCompletedSimpleProgrammaticGUICodeFile 3-15 UsetheCompletedSimpleProgrammaticGUI . 3-19 OpenandRuntheGUI
17、 . 3-19 vi ContentsCreateGUIs withGUIDE What Is GUIDE? 4 GUIDE:GettingStarted 4-2 GUILayout 4-2 GUIProgramming . 4-2 GUIDEToolsSummary . 4-3 GUIDEPreferencesandOptions 5 GUIDEPreferences 5-2 SetPreferences . 5-2 ConfirmationPreferences . 5-2 BackwardCompatibilityPreference 5-4 AllOtherPreferences 5-
18、6 GUIOptions . 5-9 TheGUIOptionsDialogBox 5-9 ResizeBehavior . 5-10 Command-LineAccessibility 5-11 GenerateFIG-FileandMATLABFile . 5-12 GenerateFIG-FileOnly 5-15 LayOutaGUIDEGUI 6 DesignaGUI 6-2 StartGUIDE 6-4 viiSelectaGUITemplate . 6-5 AccesstheTemplates 6-5 TemplateDescriptions . 6-6 SettheGUISiz
19、e . 6-14 MaximizetheLayoutArea 6-17 AddComponentstotheGUI 6-18 AvailableComponents . 6-19 AWorkingGUIwithManyComponents . 6-22 AddComponentstotheGUIDELayoutArea . 6-30 UserInterfaceControls . 6-37 PanelsandButtonGroups 6-55 Axes 6-61 Table . 6-65 ActiveXComponent 6-76 Copy,Paste,andArrangeComponents
20、 6-78 LocateandMoveComponents . 6-82 ResizeComponents 6-85 AlignComponents . 6-88 AlignObjectsTool . 6-88 PropertyInspector . 6-91 GridandRulers . 6-95 Guide Lines 6-95 SetTabOrder . 6-97 CreateMenusinaGUIDEGUI 6-100 MenusfortheMenuBar 6-101 ContextMenus . 6-112 Toolbar . 6-120 CreateToolbarswithGUI
21、DE 6-120 EditingToolIcons . 6-129 ViewtheObjectHierarchy . 6-134 DesigningforCross-PlatformCompatibility . 6-135 DefaultSystemFont . 6-135 viii ContentsStandardBackgroundColor . 6-136 Cross-PlatformCompatibleUnits 6-137 Saveand RunaGUIDEGUI 7 NameaGUIandItsFiles . 7-2 TheGUIFiles 7-2 FileandGUINames
22、 . 7-3 RenameGUIsandGUIFiles 7-3 SaveaGUIDEGUI . 7-4 WaystoSaveaGUI . 7-4 SaveaNewGUI 7-5 SaveanExistingGUI 7-8 ExportaGUIDEGUItoaCodeFile 7-9 RunaGUIDEGUI . 7-10 ExecuteGUICode . 7-10 FromtheGUIDELayoutEditor . 7-10 FromtheCommandLine . 7-11 FromAnyMATLABCodeFile . 7-11 FromaTestScript 7-12 Program
23、mingaGUIDEGUI 8 WorkingwithCallbacksinGUIDE 8-2 ProgrammingGUIsCreatedUsingGUIDE 8-2 WhatIsaCallback? . 8-2 KindsofCallbacks . 8-2 FilesGeneratedbyGUIDE . 8-7 CodeFilesandFIG-Files . 8-7 GUICodeFileStructure 8-8 ixAdding Callback Templates to an Existing GUI Code File . 8-9 AboutGUIDE-GeneratedCallb
24、acks 8-9 DefaultCallbackPropertiesinGUIDE . 8-11 SettingCallbackPropertiesAutomatically . 8-11 DeletingCallbacksfromaGUICodeFile 8-15 CustomizingCallbacksinGUIDE . 8-16 GUIDECallbackTemplates . 8-16 CallbackNamesandSignaturesinGUIDE 8-17 GUIDECallbackArguments 8-21 ChangingCallbacksAssignedbyGUIDE 8
25、-23 InitializeaGUIDEGUI . 8-26 OpeningFunction . 8-26 OutputFunction 8-29 AddCodeforComponentsinCallbacks 8-31 PushButton 8-31 ToggleButton 8-32 RadioButton . 8-33 CheckBox . 8-34 EditText 8-34 Table . 8-36 Slider . 8-37 ListBox . 8-37 Pop-UpMenu . 8-38 Panel . 8-39 ButtonGroup . 8-43 Axes 8-46 Acti
26、veXControl . 8-50 MenuItem . 8-60 ExamplesofGUIDEGUIs . 8-64 x ContentsManaging and Sharing Application Data in GUIDE 9 DataManagementinaGUIDEGUI 9-2 DataManagementMechanism Summary 9-2 NestedFunctions . 9-4 UserDataProperty 9-4 Application Data 9-5 GUIData 9-7 ExamplesofSharingDataAmongaGUIsCallbac
27、ks 9-10 MakingMultipleGUIsWorkTogether . 9-21 Data-SharingTechniques . 9-21 Example Manipulating a Modal Dialog Box for User Input . 9-22 Example Individual GUIDE GUIs Cooperating as Icon ManipulationTools 9-30 Examples of GUIDE GUIs 10 ModalDialogBox(GUIDE) . 10-2 AbouttheExample 10-2 SetUptheClose
28、ConfirmationDialogBox . 10-2 SetUpaGUIwithaCloseButton 10-3 RuntheCloseConfirmationGUI. 10-5 HowtheCloseConfirmationGUIsWork . 10-5 GUI for Manipulating Data That Persists Across MATLABSessions(GUIDE) . 10-7 AbouttheExample 10-7 CallingSyntax 10-8 MAT-fileValidation . 10-9 GUIBehavior 10-11 OverallG
29、UICharacteristics . 10-18 xiGUIThatAcceptsInputDataandPlotsinMultipleAxes (GUIDE) 10-23 AbouttheExample 10-23 MultipleAxesGUI Design 10-25 ValidateGUIInputasNumbers . 10-27 PlotPushButtonBehavior 10-31 GUIforPresentingDatainMultiple,Synchronized Displays(GUIDE) 10-35 AboutMultiple,SynchronizedDispla
30、ysExample 10-35 RecreatetheGUI 10-37 InteractiveListBox(GUIDE) . 10-53 AbouttheExample 10-53 ImplementtheListBoxGUI 10-54 GUIforPlottingWorkspaceVariables(GUIDE) 10-60 AbouttheExample 10-60 ReadWorkspaceVariables 10-61 ReadSelectionsfromListBox . 10-62 GUItoSetSimulinkModelParameters(GUIDE) . 10-65
31、AbouttheExample 10-65 HowtoUsetheSimulinkParametersGUI. 10-66 RuntheGUI . 10-68 ProgramtheSliderandEditTextComponents . 10-69 RuntheSimulationfromtheGUI 10-71 RemoveResultsfromListBox . 10-73 PlotResultsData . 10-74 TheGUIHelpButton 10-76 ClosetheGUI 10-76 TheListBoxCallbackandCreateFunction 10-77 G
32、UI for Interactive Data Exploration via Graphics AnimationControlledbySliders(GUIDE) . 10-79 AbouttheExample 10-79 Designthe3-DGlobeGUI 10-80 GraphicsTechniquesUsedinthe3-DGlobeGUI 10-86 GUIDataDisplaythatRefreshesatSetTimeIntervals (GUIDE) 10-91 xii ContentsAbouttheExample 10-91 HowtheGUIImplements
33、theTimer 10-93 CreateGUIsProgrammatically Lay Out a Programmatic GUI 11 DesignaProgrammaticGUI 11-2 CreateandRunaProgrammaticGUI 11-4 FileOrganization . 11-4 FileTemplate 11-4 RuntheGUI . 11-5 CreateFiguresforProgrammaticGUIs 11-6 AddComponentstoaProgrammaticGUI 11-9 TypesofGUIComponents 11-9 AddUse
34、rInterfaceControlstoaProgrammaticGUI . 11-13 AddPanelsandButtonGroups 11-32 AddAxes 11-38 AddActiveXControls 11-41 ComposeandCodeGUIswithInteractiveTools 11-42 SetPositionsofComponentsInteractively . 11-43 AlignComponents . 11-53 SetColorsInteractively 11-60 SetFontCharacteristicsInteractively . 11-
35、62 SetTabOrderinaProgrammaticGUI . 11-65 HowTabbingWorks . 11-65 DefaultTabOrder . 11-65 ChangetheTabOrder . 11-68 CreateMenusforaProgrammaticGUI 11-70 AddMenuBarMenus 11-70 xiiiAddContextMenustoaProgrammaticGUI . 11-76 CreateToolbarsforProgrammaticGUIs . 11-83 UsetheuitoolbarFunction 11-83 Commonly
36、UsedProperties . 11-83 Toolbars . 11-84 DisplayandModifytheStandardToolbar . 11-87 Design Programmatic GUIs for Cross-Platform Compatibility . 11-89 DefaultSystemFont . 11-89 StandardBackgroundColor . 11-90 Cross-PlatformCompatibleUnits 11-91 Code a ProgrammaticGUI 12 OrganizeaProgrammaticGUIFile 12
37、-2 InitializeaProgrammaticGUI 12-3 Examples 12-4 WriteCodeforCallbacks . 12-7 WhatIsaCallback? . 12-7 KindsofCallbacks . 12-8 SpecifyCallbacksinFunctionCalls . 12-11 Examples: ProgramGUIComponents . 12-20 ProgramUserInterfaceControls . 12-20 ProgramPanelsandButtonGroups 12-28 ProgramAxes 12-31 Progr
38、amActiveXControls 12-34 ProgramMenuItems 12-34 ProgramToolbarTools . 12-37 ExamplesofProgrammaticGUIs 12-43 xiv ContentsManageApplication-DefinedData 13 DataManagementinaProgrammaticGUI . 13-2 DataManagementMechanism Summary 13-2 NestedFunctions . 13-4 UserDataProperty 13-5 Application Data 13-6 GUI
39、Data 13-8 ShareDataAmongaGUIsCallbacks 13-11 ShareDatawithNestedFunctions . 13-11 ShareDatawithUserData 13-15 ShareDatawithApplicationData 13-18 ShareDatawithGUIData 13-20 ManageCallbackExecution 14 CallbackSequencingandInterruption 14-2 ControlCallbackExecutionandInterruption . 14-2 ControlProgramE
40、xecutionUsingTimerObjects 14-11 ExamplesofGUIsCreatedProgrammatically 15 GUIwithAxes,Menu,andToolbar 15-2 TechniquesIllustratedintheExample 15-2 AbouttheExample 15-3 ViewtheExampleCode 15-4 GeneratetheGraphingCommandsandData . 15-4 CreatetheGUIandItsComponents 15-5 InitializetheGUI . 15-10 Definethe
41、Callbacks . 15-11 HelperFunction: PlotthePlotTypes . 15-15 xvGUIforPresentingDatainMultiple,Synchronized Displays 15-16 TechniquesIllustratedintheExample 15-16 AbouttheExample 15-16 ViewtheExampleCode 15-18 SetUpandInteractwiththeuitable 15-18 LocalFunctionSummaryfortheExample . 15-23 GUI for Manipu
42、lating Data that Persists Across MATLABSessions . 15-25 TechniquesIllustratedintheExample 15-25 AbouttheExample 15-26 ViewtheExampleCode 15-27 UsetheGUI 15-28 ProgramListMaster . 15-33 Addan“ImportfromFile”OptiontoListMaster 15-41 Adda“RenameList”OptiontoListMaster 15-41 GUIThatAcceptsProperty-Value
43、Pairs . 15-42 AbouttheExample 15-42 CopyandViewtheColorPaletteCode 15-45 LocalFunctionSummaryforColorPalette . 15-45 CodeFileOrganization . 15-46 GUIProgrammingTechniques . 15-47 SummaryofCallbacks . 15-49 Apps 16 FindApps . 16-2 ViewAppFileList . 16-3 BeforeInstalling 16-3 AfterInstalling . 16-3 Ru
44、n,Uninstall,Reinstall,andInstallApps . 16-5 RunApp . 16-5 InstallorReinstallApp . 16-5 UninstallApp 16-6 xvi ContentsInstallAppsinaSharedNetworkLocation 16-7 ChangeAppsInstallationFolder 16-8 Packaging GUIs as Apps 17 AppsOverview 17-2 WhatIsanApp? 17-2 WheretoGetApps 17-2 WhyCreateanApp? . 17-3 Bes
45、tPracticesandRequirementsforCreatinganApp . 17-4 PackageApps . 17-5 ModifyApps . 17-7 ShareApps 17-8 MATLABAppInstallerFilemlappinstall 17-9 DependencyAnalysis 17-10 Index xviixviii ContentsIntroduction to Creating GUIs Chapter 1, About GUIs in MATLAB Software (p. 1-1) Explains what a GUI is, how aG
46、UIworks,andhowtoget started creating a GUI. Chapter 2, How to Create a GUI with GUIDE (p. 2-1) Steps you through the process of creating a simple GUI using GUIDE. Chapter 3, How to Create a Simple GUI Programmatically (p. 3-1) Steps you through the process of creating a simple GUI programmatically.1
47、 About GUIs in MATLAB Software “What Is a GUI?” on page 1-2 “How Does a GUI Work?” on page 1-4 “Where Do I Start?” on page 1-6 “Ways to Build MATLAB GUIs” on page 1-81 About GUIs in MATLAB Software What Is a GUI? A graphical user interface (GUI) is a graphical display in one or more windowscontainin
48、gcontrols,calledcomponents,thatenableausertoperform interactive tasks. The user of the GUI does not have to create a script or type commandsatthecommandline toaccomplish the tasks. Unlikecoding programs to accomplish tasks, the user of a GUI need not understand the details of how the tasks are perfo
49、rmed. GUI components can include menus, toolbars, push buttons, radio buttons, list boxes, and slidersjust to name a few. GUIs created using MATLAB tools can also perform any type of computation, read and write data files, communicatewithotherGUIs,anddisplaydataastablesorasplots. The following figure illustrates a simple GUI that you can easily build yourself. The GUI con
