1、1授课学案学生姓名： 授课教师： 颜丹丹 班主任： 科目： 初三英语 上课时间： 2016 年 月 日 时 时跟踪上次授课情况上次授课回顾 完全掌握 基本掌握 部分掌握 没有掌握作业完成情况 全部完成 基本完成 部分完成 没有完成本次授课内容授课标题 过去完成时学习目标 1.通过与一般过去时的比较，导入过去完成时的概念。 2.使学生正确理解和掌握过去完成时的概念结构和用法。重点难点 过去完成时的用法。授课内容【专题导入】原句：An apple a day, keeps the doctor away. ate an appleslept-|- |-|-Had eaten an apple sl
2、ept now定从：I had eaten an apple before I slept. (After I had eaten an apple, I slept.)【考点梳理】一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时（past perfect tense）表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。它是一个相对的时态，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。-|- |-|-那时以前 那时 现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，它的否定句是在 had 后边加not，变一般疑问句是把 had 提前。其中 had
3、通用于各种人称。E.g. I had reached the station before 9：00 oclock.I had not reached the station before 9：00 oclock.Had you reached the station before 9：00 oclock？（思考如何回答）二、用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 这个过去的时间状语有 by, 2by the time of ,等介词短语或者是 when，before ，after 等引导的从句。如： 由 by, by the end of, by then 等引导的状语
4、从句。By the time they arrived, the bus had left.翻译：昨夜十点钟之前他已经上床睡觉了。 He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night. 由 when，before ，after 等引导的从句。They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教师) 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去完成时。 ，表示在谈话或产生某种想法之前发
5、生的事情。 例如：He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。She wondered who had left the door open. 她想知道是谁没关门。I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。2、表示 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与 for 或 since 等连用.如:She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.I had been at the bus
6、 stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了 20 分钟。 三、过去完成时-语法判定根据“标志”由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： by ， by the end of ，by then, 或者 when，after， before 等引导的状语从句。以及句子中会出现的 already,just,once 等词语。也会有 for或 sinceI met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other
7、 since he went to Beijing.注意：我们不一定非得用过去完成时表示过去先发生的事件，因为有时句意非常清楚。before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。例如： After he had finished his homework, he went to bed./After I finished my work, I went home.After he closed the door, he left the classroom.动作的顺序往往十分
8、清楚时，我们通常用一般过去时表示依次发生的事件。例如：I got out of the taxi, paid the fare, tipped the driver and dashed into the station.【经典例题】31. He _ in Shanghai University for four years before he _ Beijing.A. studied, had gone B. had studied, wentC. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone解析：“他去北京之前在上大学学习了 4 年 “。在上海学习的
9、动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选 B。2.The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, left B. were writing, has leftC. had written, had left D. were writing, had left答案 D。 “把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中 when 代表时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于”这一背景下，
10、when 所引导的动作正在发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。3. Xiao Pei said she _ Hainan for 3 months.A. has been in B. had been in C. had been to D. had gone to解析：“小培说她去了海南三个月 “。have been to 和 have gone to 都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的 had been in. 应选 B.（教师版打印，学生版解析不打印）【举一反三】一、单选1 When Li Ming hurried home， he found that his mother _alr
11、eady_to hospital.A has； been sent B had； sent C has； sent D had； been sent2 We _five English songs by the end of last term.A had learned B learned C have learned D will have learned3 Han Mei told me she _lunch， so she was very hungry.A has had B hasnt have C have had D hadnt had4 By the end of 1976，
12、 many buildings _built in the city.A have been B have C had been D will5 She _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home.A has left； comes B had left； would come C had left； came D left； had come46 He said that it was at least ten years since I _a good drink.A had enjoyed B wa
13、s enjoying C have enjoyed D have been enjoying7 The meeting _when Mr. Wang _to school.A has begun； getB has been on；getC had begun；gotD had been on；got（答案：1D 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 C） 【回顾与反思】做题时常见错误如下：一、had 形式易写错例：例：He hads （ have） gone home when I got to his office.答案：had解析：have/has 的过去式都为 had， had
14、在过去完成时中也是助动词，不能再有单三人称的变化。二、易与现在完成时弄混例：He asked what I have （ have） said.答案：had解析：现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果。而过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果。三、易与一般过去时弄混例：She lived （live ） in New York for eight years before he came to China.答案：had lived解析：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 而过去完成时主要体现过去发生的两动作先后有别，即比过去发生的某动作还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的是过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般
15、过去时。 5课后作业学生姓名： 授课教师： 颜丹丹 班主任： 科目： 初三英语 上课时间： 2016 年 月 日 时 时跟踪上次授课情况上次授课回顾 完全掌握 基本掌握 部分掌握 没有掌握作业完成情况 全部完成 基本完成 部分完成 没有完成本次授课内容授课标题 过去完成时学习目标 1.通过与一般过去时的比较，导入过去完成时的概念。 2.使学生正确理解和掌握过去完成时的概念结构和用法。重点难点 过去完成时的用法。一. 单项选择1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. w
16、here had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot o
17、f D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has h
18、idden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for B.
19、in C. by D. at 10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten?A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He _ in the factory for three years before he joined t
20、he Army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work613. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed14. Ben hates playing _ violin, but he likes playing _ football.A. athe B. the the C. / the D. the/15. By the time he was 4, he _ a
21、lot of German words.A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns 16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom.A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left 17.They _ in Guangzhou since 2000.A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living18. The train from Beijing_ ten minutes ago.A.
22、 has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived19. The students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived.A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned20. Fergie_B_ the project in one hour.A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished21. The man _ his coa
23、t and went out.A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on22 My mother_ in that factory at the age of 18.A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works23. Dad _C_ while he _ TV.A .fell asleepwatch B. was falling asleepwatched C. fell asleepwas watching D. had fallen asleepwatched二.用动词的适
24、当形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we moved_ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _(die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _had run away_ (run away ) before the policemen arrived (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (
25、go) to bed.6. Paul (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call.7. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan _ (fail ) because we _ (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads (have) lunch when I _(get) to their house.11.When I _(arr
26、ive) at the station, he _(leave).12We _(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13. I （wait） he _(finish) his homework.14. We were surprised at what she _already _(do)15.She _didnt go_(not go) to Qingdao because she _ (go) there before.16. He _ (not tell) you the news yet.17. He said
27、 he _already_(give) the book to the teacher.718. I _(be) to Shanghai before. 19. She told me she _(be) to Sanya three times.20.She _(play) the guitar while her sister_(sing).三句型转换1I had sold the ticket when she came.（改否定句）2.She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改否定句）3.They began to climbed th
28、e mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.（否定）4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. （改一般疑问）5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.（改一般疑问）6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off. （改一般疑问）7He had broken his arm when I saw him.（对划线部分提问）8.When he had
29、read the note, he ate it. （对划线部分提问）9Jack didnt go to the cinema because he had seen the film. （对划线部分提问）10.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child. （对划线部分提问）11.She had written the book by the end of 1960. （对划线部分提问）12.We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. （用过去完成时连接两句）13.J
30、ims father mended the car. It was broken. （用过去完成时连接两句）14.We had our tests. Then we had a long holiday.( 用过去完成时连接两句)After we _, we _ 15.He showed us a picture. Then he showed us around the house. 用过去完成时连接两句)Before he _, he_四.完形填空Scientists study the world and learn about things using a process called
31、 the scientific method(方法). By asking important questions and 16 the answers, it is possible to make amazing discoveries! Sometimes a scientist is 17 to answer his own questions, but if he has taken good notes another scientist may come along later who is able to use new knowledge to answer it.8When
32、 you use the scientific method to 18 an experiment, you start by making observations(观察) about something that 19 you. Based on your observations, you make a hypothesis. This is using 20 you know to make a smart guess about what you think could happen. Then you are ready to begin your experiment. All
33、 21 your experiment you take down notes, which are 22 experiment date(资料). You are constantly making observations during this time. You may make discoveries that cause you to improve your experiment as you go. 23 , you conclude your experiment and begin to look over your notes to decide what it all
34、means. Based on what you have learned, you make a final statement about 24 your hypothesis was correct or not. You have to have reasons and evidence to support what you are saying.Using the scientific method can be difficult, but rewarding. Because all the steps are organized in a process, the 25 ar
35、e more valid(可信的). When you provide observations as evidence to support what you are saying, your ideas are more likely to be accepted.1. A. waiting for B. searching for C. worrying about D. complaining about2. A. unable B. sure C. ready D. surprised3. A. read B. refuse C. prevent D. conduct4. A. hu
36、rts B. represents C. interests D. attacks5. A. what B. when C. why D. which6. A. without B. including C. except D. during7. A. controlled B. arranged C. called D. carried8. A. Obviously B. Suddenly C. Finally D. Mostly9. A. whether B. what C. how D. when10. A. problem B. results C. services D. aims参
37、考答案一单选1-5ADCAA 6-10 DBDCB 11-15 DCDDA 16-20DCCBB 21-23ACC二.用动词的适当形式填空1. had painted. moved 2. had made . died 3. had studiedleft4. had run awayarrived5. had turned off went 6. went had made 7. said had read 8 failed had made 9. (had) finished left 10. were having/had had got 11. arrived had left 12
38、had learned 13. (had) finished 14. had done 15 didnt go had been 16. hasnt told 917 had given 18. have been 19. had been 20. was playing was singing三句型转换1、I did not have sold the ticket when she came.2、She didnt have sung a song to us before she danced.3、They did not begin to climbed the mountain af
39、ter they had bought all the food and drink.4、Had you been very hungry by 10:00 am?5、Had lucy already completed the project when I arrived.6、Had the plane taken off by the time he got to the airport?7、How was he when you saw him?8、What did he do when he had the note?9、Why did Jack not go to the cinem
40、a?10、How long did you have had the toys before you gave them to the child?11、What had she written by the end of 1960?12、We ate the dumplings after we had cooked them.13、The car had broken before Jims father manded it.14、had had hour teats had a long holiday15、had showed us around the house showed us a picture四、完形填空16.B 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.A 21.D 22.C 23.C 24.A 25.B
