1、考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 Unit 5一、 真题文章Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They admitted that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the average man. But they insisted that its immediate results during the period from 1750 to 185
2、0 were widespread poverty and misery for the bulk of the English population. By contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a completely agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, however, is generally thought to be wro
3、ng. Specialists in history and economics, have shown two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was marked by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace. 二、 译文直到不久以前，绝大部分历史学家对工业革命仍持批评的态度。他们承认，从长
4、期来看工业化大大地提高了普通人的生活水平。但是，他们坚持认为在 1750至 1850 年间，工业革命所造成的直接后果是给大多数英国民众带来了普遍的贫穷和困苦。相比之下，他们认为在那之前的一百年，即 1650至1750年，那时英国依旧还是个完全的农业国，但那是一个富裕繁荣的历史时期。然而，人们普遍认为这种观点是错误的。历史学和经济学方面的专家已经证明了两件事：从 1650年到 1750年期间以极度贫困为特征，而工业化显然没有使这种状况恶化；事实上却可能改善了绝大多数平民百姓的生活条件。三、 考研核心词汇industrialization / in7dQstriElai5zeiFn / n. 工业
5、化, 产业化例 bring about industrialization 实现工业化派生 industrialize / in5dQstriElaiz / vt. 使工业化 vi. 工业化average / 5AvEridV / n. 平均, 平均水平, 平均数, 海损adj. 一般的, 通常的, 平均的 vt. 平均为, 均分, 使平衡, 达到平均水平 vi. 买进, 卖出例 What is the average rainfall for August in your country?你们国家八月份的平均降雨量是多少?同义 fair, medium, middle, ordinary,
6、passable, usual反义 maximum / 5mAksimEm / n. 最大量, 最大限度, 极大adj. 最高的, 最多的, 最大极限的, minimum / 5minimEm / adj. 最小的, 最低的 n. 最小值, 最小化派生 averagely / 5AvEridVli / adv. 平均地 , 一般地固定搭配 law of averages 平均律； on (an) average 通常；按平均；widespread / 5waIdspred, -5spred / adj. 分布广泛的, 普遍的例 a widespread disease 一种流行病派生 wide
7、spreader / 5waid5spredE / 撒布装置misery / 5mizEri / n. 痛苦, 苦恼, 悲惨, 不幸, 穷困例 Misery loves company. 同病相怜。同义 distress反义 happiness / 5hApinis / n. 幸福, 快乐派生 miserable / 5mizErEbl / adj. 痛苦的, 悲惨的, 可怜preceding / pri(:)5si:diN / adj. 在前的, 前述的例 the preceding night 前一晚同义 previous, prior ,former 派生 precede / pri(:
8、)5si:d / v. 领先(于), 在.之前, 先于abundance / E5bQndEns / n. 丰富, 充裕, 丰富充裕例 The tree yields an abundance of fruit. 这树结果甚多。同义 plenty , profusion反义 lack / lAk / n. 缺乏, 短缺的东西 vt. 缺乏, 没有, 需要 vi. 缺乏, 没有派生 abundant / E5bQndEnt / adj. 丰富的, 充裕的, 丰富, 盛产, 富于 specialist / 5speFElIst / n. 专门医师, 专家例 a specialist in onco
9、logy 一个肿瘤科医生同义 expert派生 special / 5speFEl / n. 特派员, 专车, 专刊 adj. 特别的, 特殊的, 专门的, populace / 5pCpjulEs / n. 平民例 majority of the populace 绝大多数平民百姓四、 强化练习1. The _ age at first marriage in the USA has been inching upward; its now 26 for women and 27 for men. A. first B. average C. fundamental D. essence2.
10、 Kung Fu features abundant varieties and delicate skills and has become _physical exercises.A. valuable B. priceless C. widespread D. worthless3. Of the January sun; and not to think of any_ in the sound of the wind, in the sound of a few leaves.A. prick B. prestige C. pressure D. misery4. Rice may
11、reign supreme in Vietnamese cuisine (烹饪), but fish and seafood are not far behind in significance or _.A. abundance B. pretext C. pride D. pack5. _economic considerations are what the Chinese President termed “three evil forces“ - terrorism, extremism and separatism - which prompted the idea of a regional mechanism. A. Lessening B. Legal C. Preceding D. Dizzy答案： BCDAC
