1、解剖结构（2014.10）1. 股前内侧区、小腿前外侧区psoas Iliacus 髂腰肌sartorius 缝匠肌quadriceps femoris 股四头肌rectus femoris 股直肌vastus medialis 股内侧肌vastus lateralis 股外侧肌vastus intermedius 股中间肌patellar ligament 髌韧带pectineus 耻骨肌adductor longus 长收肌adductor brevis 短收肌adductor magnus 大收肌gracilis 股薄肌great saphenous v. 大隐静脉femoral a.
2、股动脉deep femoral a. 股深动脉femoral v. 股静脉femoral n. 股神经saphenous n. 隐神经obturator n. 闭孔神经tibialis anterior 胫骨前肌extensor hallucis longus 母 长伸肌extensor digitorum longus 趾长伸肌peroneus longus 腓骨长肌 peroneus brevis 腓骨短肌 anterior tibial a. 胫前动脉eeep peroneal n. 腓深神经superficial peroneal n. 腓浅神经2. 臀区、股后区、小腿后区gluteu
3、s maximus 臀大肌gluteus medius 臀中肌gluteus minimus 臀小肌piriformis 梨状肌obturator internus 闭孔内肌 quadratus femoris 股方肌biceps femoris 股二头肌semitendinosus 半腱肌semimembranosus 半膜肌gastrocnemius 腓肠肌soleus 比目鱼肌tendo calcaneus 跟腱flexor digitorum longus 趾长屈肌tendon of fllexor digitorum longus 趾长屈肌腱tibialis posterior 胫骨
4、后肌tendon of tibialis posterior 胫骨后肌腱flexor hallucis longus 母 长屈肌tendon of flexor hallucis longus 母 长屈肌腱suprapiriform foramen 梨状肌上孔infrapiriform foramen 梨状肌下孔malleolar canal 踝管sciatic n. 坐骨神经superior gluteal n. 臀上神经inferior gluteal n. 臀下神经pudendal nerve 阴部神经tibial n. 胫神经common peroneal n. 腓总神经superio
5、r gluteal blood vessels 臀上血管inferior gluteal blood vessels 臀下血管internal pudendal artery 阴部内动脉popliteal v. 腘静脉popliteal a. 腘动脉small saphenous v. 小隐静脉posterior tibial a. and v. 胫后动、静脉3. 胸前区、腋区、臂前区、前臂前区胸前区、腋区pectoralis major 胸大肌pectoralis minor 胸小肌serratus anterior 前锯肌axillary a. 腋动脉thoracoacromial a.
6、胸肩峰动脉lateral thoracic a. 胸外侧动脉subscapular a. 肩胛下动脉throcodorsal a. 胸背动脉circumflex scapular a. 旋肩胛动脉posterior humeral circumflex a. 旋肱后动脉axillary vein 腋静脉long thoracic n. 胸长神经lateral cord of brachial plexus 臂丛外侧束musculocutaneous n. 肌皮神经lateral root of median n. 正中神经外侧根medial cord of brachial plexus 臂丛
7、内侧束medial root of median n. 正中神经内侧根median n. 正中神经ulnar n. 尺神经posterior cord of brachial plexus 臂丛后束radial n. 桡神经axillary n. 腋神经thoracodorsal n. 胸背神经臂前区cephalic v. 头静脉basilic v. 贵要静脉median cubital v. 肘正中静脉biceps brachii 肱二头肌coracobrachialis 喙肱肌brachialis 肱肌musculocutaneous n. 肌皮神经brachial a. 肱动脉profu
8、nda brachii a. 肱深动脉前臂前区brachioradialis 肱桡肌pronator teres 旋前圆肌flexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈肌palmaris longus 掌长肌flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌flexor digitorum superficialis 指浅屈肌flexor digitorum profundus 指深屈肌flexor pollicis longus 拇长屈肌pronator quadratus 旋前方肌ulnar n. 尺神经superficial branch of radial n. 桡神经浅支me
9、dian n. 正中神经ulnar a. 尺动脉radial a. 桡动脉 4. 背部浅层、肩胛区、臂后区、前臂后区trapezius 斜方肌levator scapulae 肩胛提肌rhomboideus 菱形肌latissimus dorsi 背阔肌thoracolumbar fascia 胸腰筋膜deltoid 三角肌supraspinatus 冈上肌infraspinatus 冈下肌teres minor 小圆肌teres major 大圆肌triceps brachii 肱三头肌suprascapular a. 肩胛上动脉posterior humeral circumflex a.
10、 旋肱后动脉deep brachial a. 肱深动脉accessory n. 副神经suprascapular n. 肩胛上神经axillary n. 腋神经radial n. 桡神经deep branch of the radial n. 桡神经深支extensor carpi radialis longus 桡侧腕长伸肌extensor carpi radialis brevis 桡侧腕短伸肌extensor digitorum 指伸肌extensor digiti minimi 小指伸肌extensor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕伸肌supinator 旋后肌abductor
11、pollicis longus 拇长展肌extensor pollicis brevis 拇短伸肌extensor pollicis longus 拇长伸肌extensor indicis 示指伸肌5. 头面部facial a. 面动脉facial v. 面静脉superficial temporal a. and v. 颞浅动、静脉branches of trigeminal n. 三叉神经的分支auriculotemporal n. 耳颞神经supratrochlear n. 滑车上神经supraorbital n. 眶上神经mental n. 颏神经parotid gland 腮腺par
12、otid duct 腮腺导管branches of facial n. 面神经的分支temporal branches 颞支zygomatic branches 颧支buccal branches 颊支marginal mandibular branch 下颌缘支cervical branch 颈支hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝cavernous sinus 海绵窦transverse sinus 横窦sigmoid sinus 乙状窦superior sagittal sinus 上矢状窦cerebral falx 大脑镰tentorum of cerebellum 小脑幕cer
13、ebellar internal carotid artery 颈内动脉vertebral artery 椎动脉basilar artery 基底动脉cerebral arterial circle 大脑动脉环trigeminal ganglion 三叉神经节olfactory n. 嗅神经optic n. 视神经optic chiasma 视交叉occulmotor n. 动眼神经trochlear n. 滑车神经abducent n.展神经internal acoustic pore 内耳门facial n 面神经vestibulocochlear n 前庭蜗神经jugular foram
14、en 颈静脉孔glossopharyngeal n 舌咽神经vagus n. 迷走神经accessory n. 副神经hypoglossal n. 舌下神经6. 颈部sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌sternohyoid 胸骨舌骨肌sternothyroid 胸骨甲状肌thyrohyoid 甲状舌骨肌omohyoid 肩胛舌骨肌scalenus anterior 前斜角肌scalenus medius 中斜角肌scalenus posterior 后斜角肌common carotid a. 颈总动脉subclavian a. 右锁骨下动脉internal carotid a.
15、 颈内动脉external carotid a. 颈外动脉superior thyroid a. 甲状腺上动脉subclavian a. 锁骨下动脉vertebral a. 椎动脉internal thoracic a. 胸廓内动脉thyrocervical trunk 甲状颈干inferior thyroid a. 甲状腺下动脉external jugular vein 颈外静脉internal jugular v. 颈内静脉 subclavian v. 锁骨下静脉thoracic duct 胸导管right lymphatic duct 右淋巴导管lesser occipital n. 枕
16、小神经great auricular n. 耳大神经transverse nerve of neck 颈横神经supraclavicular n. 锁骨上神经phrenic n. 膈神经ansa cervicalis 颈袢accesory n. 副神经vagus n. 迷走神经internal branch of superior laryngeal n. 喉上神经内支external branch of superior laryngeal n. 喉上神经外支recurrent laryngeal nerves 喉返神经hypoglossal n. 舌下神经cervical part of
17、sympathetic trunk 颈交感干submandibular gland 下颌下腺thyroid gland 甲状腺7. 胸部intercostales externi 肋间外肌intercostales interni 肋间内肌posterior intercostal a. 肋间后动脉intercostal n. 肋间神经internal thoracic a. 胸廓内动脉central tendon 中心腱aortic hiatus 主动脉裂孔esophageal hiatus 食管裂孔vena cava foramen 腔静脉孔costodiaphragmatic reces
18、s 肋膈隐窝left brachiocephelic v. 左头臂静脉right brachiocephelic v. 右头臂静脉superior vena cava 上腔静脉aortic arch 主动脉弓thoracic aorta 胸主动脉brachiocephalic trunk 头臂干left common carotid a. 左颈总动脉left subclavian a. 左锁骨下动脉left phrenic n. 左膈神经right phrenic nerves 右膈神经left vagus n. 左迷走神经right vagus n. 右迷走神经left recurrent
19、n. 左喉返神经arterial ligament 动脉韧带trachea 气管pericardium 心包esophagus 食管thoracic aorta 胸导管azygos veins 奇静脉thoracic sympathetic trunk 胸交感干greater splanchnic n. 内脏大神经lung 肺apex of lung 肺尖base of lung 肺底hilum of lung 肺门root of lung 肺根 cardiac notch 左肺心切迹lingual in left lung 左肺小舌oblique fissure of left lung 左
20、肺斜裂oblique fissure of right lung 右肺斜裂horizontal fissure of right lung 右肺水平裂superior lobe of right lung 右肺上叶middle lobe of right lung 右肺中叶inferior lobe of right lung 右肺下叶superior lobe of left lung 左肺上叶inferior lobe of left lung 左肺下叶heart 心fossa ovalis (right atrium) 卵圆窝supraventricular crest 室上嵴septo
21、marginal trabecula 隔缘肉柱papillary muscles 乳头肌chordae tendineae 腱索tricuspid valve 三尖瓣mitral valve 二尖瓣left coronary artery 左冠状动脉anterior interventricular branch 前室间支 right coronary artery 右冠状动脉posteror interventricular branch 后室间支valve of pulmonary trunk 肺动脉瓣aortic valve 主动脉瓣8. 腹部（1）腹前外侧壁obliquus exter
22、nus abdominis 腹外斜肌inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟管浅环obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌transversus abdominis 腹横肌inguinal falx 腹股沟镰rectus abdominis 腹直肌tendinous intersections 腱划anterior layer of sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘前层posterior layer of sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘后层arc
23、uate line 弓状线inferior epigastric a. 腹壁下动脉iliohypogastric n. 髂腹下神经spermatic cord 精索（2）腹膜和腹膜腔lessor omentum 小网膜omental foramen 网膜孔greater omentum 大网膜gastrosplenic ligament 胃脾韧带mesentery 小肠系膜mesoappendix 阑尾系膜transverse mesocolon 横结肠系膜sigmoid mesocolon 乙状结肠系膜rectovesical pouch 膀胱直肠陷凹rectouterine pouch 直
24、肠子宫陷凹vesicouterine pouch 膀胱子宫陷凹（3）结肠上区stomach 胃lesser curvature 胃小弯greater curvature 胃大弯angular incisure 角切迹cardiac incisure 贲门切迹cardiac part 胃贲门部fundus of stomach 胃底body of stomach 胃体pyloric part 胃幽门部duodenum 十二指肠superior part of duodenum 十二指肠上部descending part of duodenum 十二指肠降部major duodenal papil
25、la 十二指肠大乳头horizontal part of duodenum 十二指肠水平部ascending part of duodenum 十二指肠升部liver 肝falciform lig. of liver 肝镰状韧带ligamentum teres hepatic 肝圆韧带porta hepatic 肝门notch for ligamentum teres hepatis 肝圆韧带切迹notch for gallbladder 胆囊切迹gallbladder 胆囊fundus of gallbladder 胆囊底body of gallbladder 胆囊体neck of gall
26、bladder 胆囊颈cystic duct 胆囊管right and left hepatic ducts 左、右肝管common hepatic duct 肝总管common bile duct 胆总管spleen 脾splenic notch 脾切迹pancreas of pancreas 胰head of pancreas 胰头uncinate process 钩突neck of pancreas 胰颈body of pancreas 胰体tail of pancreas 胰尾celiac trunk 腹腔干left gastric a. 胃左动脉common hepatic a. 肝
27、总动脉proper hepatic a. 肝固有动脉right gastric a. 胃右动脉cystic a. 胆囊动脉gastroduodenal a. 胃十二指肠动脉right gastroepiploic a. 胃网膜右动脉splemic a. 脾动脉short gastric a. 胃短动脉left gastrioeploic a. 胃网膜左动脉hepatic portal v. 肝门静脉superior mesenteric v. 肠系膜上静脉splenic v. 脾静脉（4）结肠下区colic bands 结肠带haustra of colon 结肠袋epiploic appen
28、dices 肠脂垂cecum 盲肠ileocecal valve 回盲瓣vermiform appendix 阑尾ascending colon 升结肠transverse colon 横结肠descending colon 降结肠sigmoid colon 乙状结肠superior mesenteric a. 肠系膜上动脉jejunal and ileal a. 空、回肠动脉ileocolic a. 回结肠动脉right colic a. 右结肠动脉middle colic a. 中结肠动脉inferior mesenteric a. 肠系膜下动脉left colic a. 左结肠动脉sig
29、moid a. 乙状结肠动脉superior rectal a. 直肠上动脉inferior mesenteric v. 肠系膜下静脉（5）腹膜后隙inferior vena cava 下腔静脉renal v. 肾静脉right suprarenal v. 右肾上腺静脉abdominal aorta 腹主动脉renal a. 肾动脉kidney 肾renal cortex 肾皮质renal columns 肾柱renal medulla 肾髓质renal pyramids 肾锥体minor renal calices 肾小盏major renal calices 肾大盏renal pelvis
30、 肾盂abdominal part of ureter 输尿管腹部9. 盆部common iliac a. 髂总动脉common iliac v. 髂总静脉internal iliac a. 髂内动脉internal iliac v. 髂内静脉external iliac a. 髂外动脉external iliac v. 髂外静脉sacral plexus 骶丛uterine a. 子宫动脉obturator n. 闭孔神经pbturator a. 闭孔动脉rectum 直肠urinary bladder 膀胱ureter 输尿管prostate 前列腺seminal vesicle 精囊du
31、ctus deferens 输精管spermatic cord 精索testis 睾丸epididymis 附睾head of epididymis 附睾头body of epididymis 附睾体tail of epididymis 附睾尾ovary 卵巢suspensory ligament of ovary 卵巢悬韧带proper ligament of ovary 卵巢固有韧带uterine tubes 输卵管infundibulum of uterine tube 输卵管漏斗ampulla of uterine tube 输卵管壶腹isthmus of uterine tube 输卵管峡uterus 子宫fundus of uterus 子宫底body of uterus 子宫体neck of uterus 子宫颈broad ligament of uterus 子宫阔韧带round ligament of uterus 子宫圆韧带
