1、Part I Water Supply and Drainage Engineering offers a particular challenge because almost every process of wastewater treatment that is designed and built by engineers is unique. 给排水工程提出了特殊的挑战，因为由工程师设计建造的每个废水处理工艺几乎都是唯一的。 Be strict to the examination and approval of the new projects in Huaihe River b
2、asin, and carry out the environment influence assessment system. The projects which are not in accord with the Tenth-Five year plan should not be approved. 严格淮河流域新建项目的审批，实行环境影响评价制度，不符合十五淮河流域水污染防治工作计划的一律不得审批。 Once a project has been identified, the next step is a preliminary or feasibility study to c
3、onsider in detail the implementation of alternatives, together with approximate costs. For example, water system study alternatives for a region might include：(1) possible service areas and combinations; (2) a well-water supply with water softening and iron removal; (3) an upland lake or reservoir w
4、ith multipurpose uses requiring land question, water rights, and a conventional water treatment plant. 确定项目后首先需开展的工作是进行前期和可行性研究，其内容包括考虑实施备选方案的各个环节和估算大致的费用。例如，对某一地区水系统的去研究包括：（1）可能的服务范围及单位；（2）配有水质软化和除铁系统的水井供水系统；（3）需通过征地获取的一个高位湖泊或水库，水的使用权及一个常规水处理厂。 The geographic location of some heavily populated citi
5、es, such as Los Angeles and Mexico City, makes them particularly susceptible to frequent air stagnation and pollution. 像人口非常稠密的洛杉矶和墨西哥城这样地理位置的城市，特别易受空气流动停滞和污染物增加的影响。 Theoretically, devolatilized tar, being hydrophobic, remains on the local surface in the pressured aqueous environment, producing a un
6、iform coating that seals the micro porous limits moisture reapportion。 理论上，经脱挥发酚作用得到的焦油是疏水的，在高压的液相中仍然留在煤的表面，形成一层均匀的油膜，从而封住了煤中的微孔，所以减少了煤对水分的重新吸收。 The end-products, i.e., alcohols and acids, from those reactions will enter the microorganism and be metabolized by oxidation reaction catalyzed by endo-en
7、zymes. 通过这些反应，最终产品即乙醇和酸进入微生物体内并经胞内酶催化剂氧化而代谢。 Only through interaction between industry, scientists, and government regulators will true solutions be finally realized. 只有通过工业界、科学家和政府部门的共同努力，才能最终得到解决。 The equipment employed in the commercial test is shown schematically in Fig.5. 本次工业试验中所用设备的简图如图 5 所示。
8、 The experiment is an absolute necessity in determining the best sludge recycle ratio. 对确定最佳污泥回流比而言，这次实验是绝对必要的 Scientific researchers have made a careful study of characteristics of these activated sludge. 科研人员仔细地研究了这些活性污泥的特性。 The test results are in good agreement with those obtained by theoretical
9、 deduction. 实验结果与理论推导完全一致。 Dust and other particles matter in the air provide nuclei around which condensation takes place, forming droplet and thereby playing a role in snowfall and rainfall patterns. 在空气中以尘粒和其他颗粒物为核心发生了水滴的凝聚，进而对降雪和降雨的发生起到了一定的作用。 Also there has been a concreted effort to modernize
10、and increase space, facilities, equipment, and supporting materials used in science teaching. 而且，大家协同努力，从而扩大了场地、发展了机构、增添了设备和科学教育用的辅助材料，并使之现代化。 They are quite content with the data obtained from the experiment. 他们对试验中（获得）的数据非常满意。 If there are no heat-treatment, meals can not be made so hard. （如果）没有热处
11、理，金属就不会变得如此坚硬。 Different kinds of matter have different properties. 不同（种类）物质具有不同的特性。 Whatever the approach, it must be remembered that energy is required to lift water or to pump it through a filter. 无论采用哪种方法，必须记住，提升水或用泵将水输送通过滤床都需要能量。 It is believed that the automobile is blamed for such problems as
12、 urban area expansion and wasteful land use, congestion and slum conditions in the central areas, and air and noise pollution. 有人认为汽车造成一系列问题，如城市膨胀、土地浪费、市区拥挤、油污遍地以及空气和噪声污染等。 The main premise underlying pollution prevention is that it makes far more sense for a generator not to produce waste than to d
13、evelop extensive treatment schemes to ensure that the waste poses no threat to the quality of the environment. 污染治理的根本前提是，是污染的生产者不再产生污染物要比制定详尽的、防止废弃物降低环境质量的质量计划有意义得多。 To meet these new requirements, many of the existing secondary treatment facilities will have to be retrofitted and new advanced wast
14、ewater-treatment facilities will have to be constructed. 为了满足这些新的需要，必须要更新现有的许多二级处理设施，同时必须建造一些新的高级废水处理设施。水解酸化SBR 工艺处理果汁废水的研究摘 要：采用水解酸化-SBR 工艺，对浓缩果汁生产废水处理进行了试验研究。结果表明：当进水 COD 浓度为 35005000 mg/L， pH 为 6.57.5，在水解酸化池水力停留时间为 8 h，SBR 反应池 MLSS 浓度为 35004 000 mg/L，进水15min，曝气 7h，沉淀 1 h，出水 15min 的条件下，出水 COD 去除率保
15、持在 97%以上， SS 去除率达 93%以上。且以水解酸化作为预处理单元可去除果汁废水中的 SS 达 78%以上，为后续 SBR 工艺的稳定运行创造有利条件，提高组合工艺的整体效果。关键词： 果汁废水 水解酸化 SBR COD SSStudy on treatment of syrup wastewater with hydrolysis acidification-SBR technologyAbstract：An experimental study on syrup wastewater treatment with hydrolysis acidification-SBR techn
16、ology was carried out. The results showed that when the COD of influent was 3 5005 000mg/L and the pH of influent was 6.57.5, COD and SS removal rates of the wastewater were over 97% and 93% through the combined technology, the optimal HRT of hydrolysis acidification was 8h, the optimal MLSS concent
17、ration of SBR was about3 5004 000 mg/L, the times for inflow, aeration, settlement and outflow were 15 min, 7 h, 1 h and15 min, respectively. The experimental so demonstrated that the SS was removed mostly through the hydrolysis acidification process (more than 78% ), which can create a suitable con
18、dition for the subsequent SBR process and enhance the efficiency of the combined technology.Key words：syrup wastewater; hydrolysis acidification; SBR; COD; SSUnit 11. Put the following into Chinese life expectancy 预期寿命，平均寿命，耐用期限 poverty-stricken 贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的 smog-laden air 阴霾天气，烟雾弥漫的天空，烟雾缭绕的空气 global
19、 conditions 全球状况 haves and have-nots 富人和穷人 savanna 热带大草原、稀树平原 predator 食肉动物，捕食者 environmental disruptions 环境破坏2. Put the following into English 农药 pesticide 化肥 chemical fertilizer 有机废物 organic wastes 微生物 microorganism/microbe 衰减 attenuation 阻滞的 retardant/blocking 稀释 dilution 添加剂 additive 合成塑料 synthe
20、tic plastic 再生 regenerationUnit 21. Put the following into Chinese soil erosion 土壤侵蚀 photochemical smog 光化学烟雾 thermal inversions 逆温 exacerbate the pollution 加重污染 households 家庭 pulp and paper 造纸业，纸浆与纸张 tanned products 鞣制品 deforestation 毁林 disablement 残废2. Put the following into English 重金属 heavy meta
21、l 有机溶剂 organic solvent 国际贸易 international trade 增长率 growth rate 一氧化碳 carbon monoxide 氧化氮 nitrogen oxide 石棉 asbestos 水银 mercury 钙 calcium 悬浮颗粒 suspended particle3. Give the synonyms for the following words toxic poisonous treatment disposal pollutant contaminant carcinogenic cancerigenic impact affec
22、t waste liquid sewage despite although agricultural geoponicUnit 32. Put the following into Chinese waste reduction/waste minimization 废物减量化/ 废物最小化 in-process 进行中 housekeeping 维持管理 equipment modification landfills 改性填埋场 biodegradable solvents 有机溶剂 volatile chemicals 挥发性化学物质 management commitment 管理委
23、员会、管理层承诺Unit 41. Put the following into Chinese precision and accuracy 准确度和精确度 bulk collection 大量收集 matrix material 基质材料 analytical sequence 分析序列 multivariate statistics 多元统计 interactive effect 互动效应 insofar 在.范围内 overall analytical scheme 总体分析方案2.Put the following into English 灵敏度 sensitivity 采样 sam
24、ple collection sampling 真实时间 real time 样品预处理 sample pretreatment 稳定性 stability 曲线拟合 curve fitting 吸附 adsorb adsorption 累积 accumulate 分析评价 analytical evaluation 物理分离 physical separation 因次图 dimensional graph 标准方差 standard deviationUnit 51. Put the following into Chinese primary pollutant 一次污染物 second
25、ary pollutant 二次污染物 air stagnation 空气流动停滞 nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮（N 2O） nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮（NO 2） soot 烟灰、煤烟 dust 灰尘、尘土、尘埃 smog 烟雾 ozone 臭氧 herbicide 除草剂 pesticide 杀虫剂2. Put the following into English 正常浓度 normal concentration 严重污染的 serous polluted 决定因素 determining factor 光化学氧化物 photochemical oxide 液体
26、微滴 liquid droplet 放射性物质 radioactive substance 不完全氧化 incomplete combustion 含硫的 sulfur containing 风化 wind erosion 汽车尾气 automobile exhaustUnit 62. Put the following into English 温室效应 greenhouse effect 有 CO2 引起的 caused by CO2 世界碳预算 world carbon budget 天气的自然波动 natural fluctuations in climate 全球变暖 global
27、warming 厌氧的 anaerobic 甲烷 methane 臭氧层 ozone layer 气候模型 climatic model 腐烂 decayUnit 73. Put the following into English 出口 outlet 多管高效旋风分离器 multitude high-efficiency cyclone 合成纤维 synthetic fabric 捕集效率 collection efficiency 机械洗涤 mechanical scrubbing 压力降 pressure drop 焚化炉 incinerator 气体离子 gas ion 捕集板 col
28、lection surface 炭黑 carbon blackUnit 82. Put the following into Chinese VOC 挥发性有机物 APC 空气污染控制 regulatory program 监管程序 financial support 财政支持 operating cost 运行费用，操作成本 biodegradable capacity 生物降解能力 environmental media 环境介质 biological 生物的 technologies 技术 inorganic air pollutants 无机空气污染物P14 翻译在第三世界的城市，如在北美洲，可以看到一个熟悉的化学污染物名单：重金属（包括铅、汞、镉、铬及其它们的化合物） ，氮和硫的氧化物，一氧化碳，石油烃，悬浮微粒、多氯联苯、硝酸盐、氰化物和砷，以及各种有机溶剂和石棉。其中一些或某些其它工业和企事业单位废弃物被分为“危险的”或“有毒的” ，这是因为加工、贮存、运输和处置这些废弃物时需要特殊处理，从而避免与人类接触和污染环境。尽管原料生产、金属焊接、石油、造纸业、交通运输、电气设备、皮革和鞣产品都能产生大量的危险废弃物，但是绝大部分废弃物还是来自化学工业。
