1、陈小佳 Email：xjchenwhut。,Bridge Engineering,桥 梁 工 程,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,About this course: 关于本课程The course concerns the bridge design and its construction 本课程是研究桥梁设计和桥梁施工方法的学科The relation between the course and former courses 本课程与以前所学课程的关系 ： Construction material 建筑材料 Mat
2、erial Mechanics材料力学 Structural Mechanics结构力学 Principle of structure design结构设计原理Some necessary reference 必备的参考资料 行业标准，公路工程技术标准（TJG B01-2003) 行业标准，公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范（TJG D62-2004),Bridge Engineering 桥 梁 工 程,BRIDGE ENGRG PART I,Chapter 1 Introduction,Development of the Bridge Engineering 桥梁的发展Evolve
3、ment of the Materials材料的演变Progress on the Theory理论的发展Advancement on the Technique 技术的进步,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Development of the Bridge Engineering - Evolvement of the Materials,出土壁画中描述的木结构桥梁 桥梁各部分清晰可辨，结构井然有序,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,The wood br
4、idge preserved in China 国内尚保存的木结构桥梁 Corridor Bridge in Tai Shun, Zhejiang 浙江泰顺廊桥,Evolvement of the Materials 材料的演变,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,古罗马时期的石桥 半圆拱的杰作。 各方石材之间均为干砌，石材加工之精细，令人惊叹。,Evolvement of the Materials 材料的演变,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,世界著名石拱桥
5、赵州桥（或名安济桥） 历经1400年，创造了多项世界奇迹,Evolvement of the Materials 材料的演变,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Evolvement of the Materials 材料的演变,中国江浙一带优美的石拱桥 和环境协调 统一的产物,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Evolvement of the Materials 材料的演变,The first Iron Bridge in the world near Te
6、lfordin Shropshire, built in 1779,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Evolvement of the Materials 材料的演变,The times of high capability / performance materials 高性能材料的时代 Steel: high strength and low relaxation Concrete : high strength and good workability,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRO
7、DUCED BY：X J CHEN,Development of the Bridge Engineering - Progress on the Theory,材料的飞速发展和应用，推动了理论的研究，使得设计理论日趋成熟。Empirical design method 经验设计法 Allowance stress method 允许应力法 k Ultimate state design method 极限状态设计法 S(rgG; rqQ) rdR(Rg/rg; Rc/rc),SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Developm
8、ent of the Bridge Engineering - Advancement on the Technique,Transportation / Lifting capacity / Setting 施工技术的发展早期体现在运输、起重和安装方面。福建漳州虎渡桥（1240年），总长340 m，最大跨的石梁长23.7m，高1.9m，就利用了潮水涨落来进行浮运架设，这是人类利用自然力量来进行桥梁施工。 现在的浮吊起重能力可达14000kN，运输的方式根据不同情况，可以从陆（地）、海（水上）、空三个方面进行。现代桥梁施工技术还体现在桥梁的施工控制方面，桥梁在施工阶段往往是最脆弱的，也就是我们
9、常比拟为桥梁的成长期，需要特别的保护；不仅仅是安全， 还包括线形控制等。,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Modern bridges,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Development of the Bridge Engineering,Longest bridge across the sea 世界第一长跨大桥日本明石大桥,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Development
10、of the Bridge Engineering,What is Bridge ?,A bridge is defined as the structure that surmounts an obstacle, such as a river or declivity and is used as a passageway for pedestrian, motor or rail traffic. New Encyclopedia Britannia桥梁定义为跨越河流、山谷等障碍物并被用来作为行人、汽车或列车的通道的结构物。,Can an aqueduct be thought as a
11、 bridge? 渡槽是否为桥梁呢？,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Classification of the Bridge and its Constitutes 桥梁的基本组成与分类,The main types of bridge structure 桥梁的主要类型Beam bridge 梁式桥 Arch bridge拱式桥Rigid-frame bridge刚架桥Cable-stayed bridge & Suspension bridge 索承桥 （包括斜拉桥和悬索桥）Combination bridge of
12、different systems 组合体系桥,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Beam bridge 梁式桥 特点 ：竖向荷载下无水平反力，梁只承受剪力和弯矩。,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Classification of the Bridge and its Constitutes 桥梁的基本组成与分类,Arch bridge 拱式桥 特点 ：竖向荷载下有水平反力，能消除拱体部分弯矩，拱主要受压，可采用圬工或混凝土结构建造，对基础地质条件要求较高
13、。,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Classification of the Bridge and its Constitutes 桥梁的基本组成与分类,Rigid-frame bridge 刚架桥 特点 ：梁柱共同工作，桥下净空易保证，对跨线桥非常有利。,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Classification of the Bridge and its Constitutes 桥梁的基本组成与分类,Suspension bridge 悬索桥 特点
14、 ：构件受力明确，塔受压（弯）；索受拉；梁为弹性支撑连续梁。,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Classification of the Bridge and its Constitutes 桥梁的基本组成与分类,桥梁的主要类型 Cable-stayed bridge 斜拉桥 特点 ：与吊桥类似， 梁除受弯剪外，还受压。,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Classification of the Bridge and its Constitutes 桥梁的
15、基本组成与分类,按使用性质分为公路桥、公铁两用桥、人行桥等。 按跨径大小和多跨总长分为小桥、中桥、大桥、特大桥。,新的公路工程技术标准（JTG B01-2003) (2004-03-01实施） 对特大桥和大桥重新作了界定。,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Classification of the Bridge and its Constitutes 桥梁的基本组成与分类,按行车道位置分为上承式桥、中承式桥、下承式桥。 按使用年限可分为永久性桥、半永久性桥、临时桥。 按材料类型分为木桥、圬工桥、钢筋砼桥、预应力桥、钢桥。,S
16、CHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Classification of the Bridge and its Constitutes 桥梁的基本组成与分类,Bridge 桥 梁,Superstructure 上部结构,Substructure 下部结构,Bearing支座,Accessory附属设施,The main parts of the bridge桥梁的组成,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Classification of the Bridge and
17、 its Constitutes 桥梁的基本组成,桥梁的组成下部结构下部结构包括桥墩( pier )、桥台( abutment )和基础(foundation)。,上部结构,下部结构,桩基础,基础,墩,桥台,桥梁的组成上部结构上部结构俗称桥跨结构，是跨越障碍的主要承重结构，习惯上是指支座以上跨越桥孔的结构物总称,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Classification of the Bridge and its Constitutes 桥梁的基本组成,桥梁的组成bearing 支座支座（bearing)是根据设计要求允许
18、上部结构产生一定变位的传力装置。,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Classification of the Bridge and its Constitutes 桥梁的基本组成,桥梁的组成 Accessory 附属设施Including: 桥面铺装（bridge decking) 排水设施（drainage） 伸缩缝（expansion joint) 桥梁与路堤衔接处的桥头搭板(transition slab at bridge head) 锥形护坡(conical slope) 人行道(pavement) 路灯（lamp
19、 standard） 栏杆（guardrail） 缘石（kerb),SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Classification of the Bridge and its Constitutes 桥梁的基本组成,Terminology related with bridge engineering 桥梁的若干名词术语,Water lever 水位低水位（low water lever) ： 枯水季节的最低水位。 高水位（high water lever) ：洪峰季节河流中的最高水位。 设计洪水位（designed floo
20、d lever): 桥梁设计中按规定的设计洪水频率计算所得的高水位。 计算水位（calculated water lever): 设计洪水位加壅水和浪高得到的水位。 通航水位（navigable water lever): 在各级航道中能保持船舶正常航行时的水位。,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,与桥梁的布置有关的术语 净跨径（clear span) l0 总跨径（total span) l0 计算跨径（computed span) l 标准跨径 （standard span） lk 桥梁全长（total length of
21、 bridge) L 桥下净空（clearance of span) H 桥面净空（clearance above bridge floor) 桥梁建筑高度（construction height of bridge） h,L,l0,l,h,设计 水位,H,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Terminology related with bridge engineering 桥梁的若干名词术语,与桥梁的布置有关的术语净矢高（ clearance of rise) f0 计算矢高（computed rise) f 矢跨比（ r
22、ise-span ratio) f/l,l0,l,f0,f,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Terminology related with bridge engineering 桥梁的若干名词术语,墩 Pier,桥梁的组成: 下部结构及支座,BACK,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Terminology related with bridge engineering 桥梁的若干名词术语,桥梁的组成:下部结构桥台 Abutment,bridge seat,重力式桥台 Masonry abutment,轻型桥台 RC abutment,台帽 cap,背墙 back wall,BACK,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,Terminology related with bridge engineering 桥梁的若干名词术语,Review 本章回顾,桥梁的发展 桥梁的基本组成与分类 桥梁的若干名词术语,SCHOOL OF TRANSPORTATION, WUT PRODUCED BY：X J CHEN,
