1、相对稳定得有 case point degree news situation activity fact reception在近几年的高考中，关系副词 where 引导的定语从句一直是一个重要考点，其中一些先行词不同于一般的地点名词，但也要用关系副词 Where 引导定语从句又是一个难点，本文就此进行了一些总结，供大家参考。 关键词 关系副词 where 抽象地点名词 先行词 定语从句 判断方法 一般来说，当定语从句的先行词是表示具体地点名词时，其引导词用关系副词where。但很多情况下，where 所指代的先行词并不表示一个具体的地点，这时对关系词的选择很容易造成误选。 一、下面就几种情况
2、示例说明一下： 1.定语从句的先行词是 point You reach a point where medicine cant help.你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。 The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in.危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。 We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们到了必须改一改的地步。 2.定语从句的先行词是 case There are cases where the word“”mighty”
3、isused as aIl adverb.在一些情况下，mi 曲 ty 一词可用作副词。 today,weU discuss a number of casesswhere beginners of English fail to use the language properly.今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题 3.定语从句的先行词是 activity Those successful deaf dancers think thatdancing is an activi 够 where sight matters aremorethanhearing.那些失聪的成功舞蹈
4、演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。4.定语从句的先行词是 situation He got into a situation where it is hard todecide what is right and wrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 If you risk something important，you causeit to be in a dangerous situa tion where you mightlose it.你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。5.定语从句的先行词是 position Its put me
5、 in a position where I cant af-ford to take the job.这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。 6.定语从句的先行词是 relationship Remember that the best relationship is onewhere your love for each other is great.要记住：人与人之间关爱的这种关系才是最好的关系。 从上面六组例句中，我们可以发现，即使先行词不是表示地点的名词，定语从句也能够用关系副词 where 来引导。 其例句中的特殊先行词一般可这样理解：point“达到程度”，case“在情形之下”，
6、activity“在活动范围中”，situation“在境地”，position“在情况下或在境地”，relationship“在关系中” 。 二、判断是否使用 where 来引导定语从句 那么在先行词不表示地点的情况下，如何判断是否使用 where 来引导定语从句?由上文给出的例句可知，含有抽象地点意义的名词能用关系副词 where 来引导，并且在每个例句中“定语从句不缺主语和宾语,where 在从句中充当的是状语”。由此，当先行词不表示地点时，使用 where 引导定语从句可这样判断： 首先，判断定语从句的结构：定语从句应该不缺少主语和宾语，而是缺少状语。 其次，观察先行词：先行词是除了时
7、间名词(在这种情况下会用 when)和原因名词(在这种情况下会用 why)以外的其他任何名词。第二个条件之所以成立，是因为定语从句中的状语成分一般就是由 when、where 和 why 等三个引导词来引导的。 再如：English is a“fixed-word-order”lan-guage where each phrase has a fixed position.句意是：英语是一种“词序固定” 的语言，这种语言的特点就是每个短语都有固定的位置。 首先，我们来判断定语从句“each phrasehas a fixed position”的结构：该从句并不缺少主语和宾语，但是缺少状语。其
8、次，我们来看先行词：先行词是 fixed-word-order language，它既不表示时间，也不表示原因。由此可知，此处用 where 来指代先行词，表示“在词序固定这样的语言中”。 可见，用关系副词 where 引导定语从句时，先行词可以是表示具体地点的名词，也可能是含有抽象地点意义的名词。下面是一些考例供大家巩固练习。 1. We re just trying to reach a point_bothsides will sit down together and talk. (2006 山东) A. where B. that C. when D. which 2. After
9、graduation she reached a point in her ca-reer_she she needed to decide what to do. A. that B. what C. which D. where 3. Those successful deaf dancers think that dan-cing is an activity_sight matters more than hear-ing. A. when B. whose C. which D. where 4. today, wc will discuss a number cases_begin
10、ners of English fail to use the language properly. A. which B. as C. why D. where 5. Later in this chapter cases will be introducedto readers_consumer complaints have resultedin changes in the law. A. where B. when C. who D. which 6. It s helpful to put children in a situation_they can scc themselve
11、s differently. A. that B. when C. which D. wher 7. What do you think of teaching, Bob. I think it fun and challenging. It is a job_you arc doing something serious but interest-ing. A. where B. which C. when D. that 8. She ll never forget her stay there_shefound her son who had gone missing two years
12、 before. A. that B. which “ C. where D. when 9. I have reached a point in my life_I amsupposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. whywhere 抽象地点2010-06-22 23:59Zakka means “various things“ in Japanese and it refers to an attitude in life where one tries to find beauty in the mun
13、dane.从这一句来分析这个 where 后的从句修饰什么，并且为什么要用 where 呢?case, point,position,stage,state口语中 place,room 等为先行词时，where 可省略Where 引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词 一、where 定语从句修饰抽象名词 point You reach a point where medicine cant help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。 The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管
14、理人叫来不可的地步。 We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。 注：有时 point 也可以是具体的地点： Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设 AB 线与 CD 线的相交点为E。 The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在 A15 与 M1 交叉的十字路口。 二、where 定语从句修饰抽象名词 case There are cases where the wo
15、rd “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty 一词可用作副词。 Today, well discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。 三、where 定语从句修饰抽象名词 activity Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more
16、 than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。 四、where 定语从句修饰抽象名词 situation He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它
17、的危险境地。五、where 定语从句修饰抽象名词 position Its put me in a position where I cant afford to take the job. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。a flock of sheepa flock of birdsa pack of dogs/wolvesa herd of cowsa herd/team of horsesa swarm of insectsa colony/army of antsa school of fisha gaggle of geesea cloud of gnatsa nest of
18、micea den of snakesa gang of turkeysa pod of whalesa murder of crowsadapt: 指人或物在原有情况下作某些改变以适应新的环境或不同的条件，强调改变的目的和重要性。adjust: 与 adapt 含义很接近，但 adjust 所改变的幅度要小一些，侧重过程，主要用于调整角度、高度、光点等。conform: 多指与某模式或规则相符，也引申指改变习惯等以适应新的环境。accommodate: 书面用词，指以外部条件标准改变自己或某事以求得适应，着重改变或调节的有利。suit: 指适合要求，从而使人满意愉快。fit: 含义广，指人或物适合或适应某一目的或用途。
