1、1. BASIC PHRASES God morgenGood MorningHallo / God dagHello / Good DayGod kveldGood EveningGod nattGood NightHa det braGoodbyeHei / Ha detHi / ByeVr s snill Please(Tusen) TakkThank you (very much)Ingen rsak / Vr s godDont mention it / Youre welcomeJa / NeiYes / NoHerr / Fru / FrkenMister / MissesVel
2、kommen!Welcome! Hvordan har du det?How are you?Hvordan gr det?How its going?Bra / DrligGood / BadHva heter du?Whats your name? Jeg heter.My name is. (I am called.)Hyggelig treffe deg!Pleased to meet you!Hvor kommer du fra?Where are you from? Jeg er fra.Im from.UnnskyldExcuse me / Sorry Hvor bor du?W
3、here do you live? Jeg bor i.I live in.Jeg vil gjerne ha. / Jeg skulle gjerne hatt.I would like.Hvor gammel er du?How old are you? Jeg er _ r (gammel).I am _ years (old). Jeg vet ikke.I dont know.Snakker du norsk?Do you speak Norwegian?Jeg snakker engelsk.I speak English.Snakk langsomtSpeak slowlysve
4、nsk, dansk, fransk, italiensk, spansk, tysk, hollndsk, rysk, japanskSwedish, Danish, French, Italian, Spanish, German, Dutch, Russian, JapaneseHva heter . p norsk?How do you say . in Norwegian?Forstr du?Do you understand?Jeg forstr ikke.I dont understand.Vr s snill gjenta / Vennligst gjentaPlease re
5、peatHva er dette?What is this?Hvor er . ?Where is . ?Hvor mye koster dette?How much does this cost?Jeg er sulten Jeg er trst Jeg er trettIm hungry Im thirsty Im tiredJeg er sykIm sickJeg tror ikke detI dont think soKom inn / hitCome in / hereTa plassHave a seat.Stans! / Stopp! Stop!Straks!Immediatel
6、y! / Soon! Jeg har gtt meg bortIm lostHjelp!Help!Fare!Danger! Pass p!Watch out!Vent litt!Wait a minute!Hvor langt er det?How far is it?Det var synd.Thats too bad!Velbekomme!Have a good meal!Skl!Cheers! (toast)Lykke til!Good luck!Jeg elsker deg.I love you.Jeg savner deg.I miss you.2. PRONUNCIATION No
7、rwegian letter(s) English soundd silent at end of word; and in -ld, -nd, -rdig eeeg ayh silent before consonants, such as in hv-j, gj, hj yuh, as in yeskj, tj sh, but softer and more palatalized (as in German)sj, skj shsl shlki, ky, kei, ky sh, but softer and more palatalized (as in German)ski, sky,
8、 skei, sky shgi, gy, gei, gy yuhg + other vowels guhsk + other vowels sk-egn, -egl, -gn g is silentng nasalized, as in singer and not finger ah as in cat ay, but with lips rounded aw as in saw3. ALPHABET a ahh k kaw u oohb bay l el v vayc say m em w dobbel-vehd day n en x ekse ay o ooh y ew (lips ro
9、unded) f ef p pay z setg gay q koo ah (as in cat)h haw r air ay (lips rounded)i ee s ess awj yod t tay4. NOUNS however, the t is silent in the definite article -et attached to the noun. (For feminine nouns, the indefinite article is ei and the definite article that is attached to the noun is -a. In
10、theory, this gender does still exist in Bokml, but in practice, it is rarely used and the feminine nouns are inflected like masculine nouns, i.e. add -en instead of -a for the definite form.) Articles En words (masculine) Et words (neuter)Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definiteen fisk a fish fisken
11、the fish et vindu a window vinduet the windowen baker a baker bakeren the baker et barn a child barnet the childen hage a garden hagen the garden et hus a house huset the houseDemonstrative Adjectivesmasculine denne dressen this suit den dressen that suitneuter dette skjerfet this scarf det skjerfet
12、 that scarfplural disse skoene these shoes de skoene those shoesNotice that the noun that follows a demonstrative adjective must have the definite article attached to it. (The feminine form of demonstratives is identical to the masculine; denne and den.)6. SUBJECT hun skal ha = she will have; etc.8.
13、 USEFUL WORDS sometimes noen ganger / av og til already alleredealways alltid perhaps kanskjenever aldri both beggeoften ofte some noe(n)usually vanligvis again igjennow n between mellomand og a lot, many mye / mangebut men of course selvflgelig / sklartor eller a little littvery veldig / svrt not a
14、t all ikke i det hele tatt / slettes ikke / overhodet ikkehere her almost nestenthere der really? virkelig?with med it is det ereach other hverandre there is/are det finnes9. QUESTION WORDS Who hvem How hvordanWhat hva How much hvor myeWhy hvorfor How many hvor mangeWhen nr How long hvor lengeWhere
15、hvor Where from hvorfraWhich hvilken, hvilket, hvilke What kind of hva slags Hvilken is used with masculine nouns, hvilket is used with neuter nouns, and hvilke is used with plural nouns.10. CARDINAL et bltt hus - a blue house; svarte sokker - black socks16. TIME What time is it? Hva er klokken? now
16、 nIt is 2. Klokken er to. early tidlig6:20 tjue over seks earlier tidligerehalf past 3 halv fire soon snartquarter past 4 kvart over fire late sentquarter to 5 kvart p fem later senere10 past 11 ti over elleve in 10 minutes om ti minutter20 to 7 tjue p sju in 15 minutes om et kvarternoon middag in a
17、 half hour om en halvtimemidnight midnatt in an hour om en timein the morning om morgenen right now akkurat nin the evening om kvelden at once med en gangIts exactly. Den er nyaktig. immediately straksAbout/around 8. omtrent tte At 8. klokken tte17. WEATHER Hows the weather? Hvordan er vret? What te
18、mperature is it? Hvor mange grader er det?Its cold Det er kaldt Its foggy Det er tkeIts warm Det er varmt The fog is lifting Tken letnerIts beautiful Det er pent Its snowing Det snrIts bad Det er drlig Its raining Det regnerIts clearing Det lysner Its going to storm Det bli stormIts icy Det er isete
19、 Theres thunder Det tordnerIts windy Det blser Theres lightning Det lynerIts cloudy Det er overskyet Its freezing (cold as ice) Det er iskaldtIts humid/muggy Det er fuktig Its hailing Det hagler18. FAMILY Parents foreldre Niece nieseMother mor Nephew nevFather far Uncle onkelSon snn Aunt tanteDaught
20、er datter Boy guttBrother bror Girl jente, pikeSister sster Child / Baby barnGrandfather bestefar Adult voksenGrandmother bestemor Man mannGrandson barnebarn Woman kvinneGranddaughter barnebarn Friend (male) vennCousin (male) fetter Friend female) venninneCousin (female) kusine Some family words hav
21、e irregular indefinite plurals: mdre (mothers), fedre (fathers), snner (sons), dtre (daughters), brdre (brothers), and sstre (sisters)19. TO KNOW PEOPLE & FACTS kjenne - to know peoplevite - to know factspresent kjenner vetpast kjente visstefuture skal kjenne skal vite20. FORMATION OF PLURAL NOUNS M
22、asculine nouns generally add -er or -r to the indefinite singular noun to form the indefinite plural, and -ene or -ne to form the definite plural. The names of jobs ending in -er only add -e and -ne in these cases. Neuter nouns that are more than one syllable form plural nouns the same way as mascul
23、ine nouns. Neuter nouns that are only one syllable, however, add nothing to form the indefinite plural and either -ene or -a to form the definite plural. Singular Indefinite Plural Definite Pluralen fisk fisker some fish fiskene the fishesen hage hager some gardens hagene the gardensen baker bakere
24、some bakers bakerne the bakerset vindu vinduer some windows vinduene the windowset hus hus some houses husene the houseset barn barn some children barna the childrenIrregular plural nouns in Norwegian:Singular Irregular Indefinite Plural Singular = Indefinite Pluraland ender duck(s) angrep (n) attac
25、k(s)bok bker book(s) besok (n) visit(s)bonde bnder peasant(s) eventyr (n) tale(s), story(ies)fot ftter foot(feet) feil error(s), mistake(s)hnd hender hand(s) forhold circumstance(s)hndkle hndklr hand towel(s) hve (n) opportunity(ies)kne (n) knr knee(s) kreps crawfish(es)kraft krefter strength mus mo
26、use(s)ku kyr cow(s) mygg mosquito(es)natt netter night(s) sild herring(s)mann menn man(men) sko shoe(s)rand render edge(s) spiker nail(s)rot rtter root(s) ting thing(s)sted (n) steder place(s) vpen weapon(s)stang stenger bar(s) strand strender beach(es) tang tenger pincher(s) tann tenner tooth(teeth) tre trr tree(s) t tr toe(s) ye yne eye(s)
