人文知识初级备考.doc

1、 人文知识初级备考-三份标准题分析结果和扩展演示英语国家概况1） 首都和主要城市：首都已经考了澳，加，新，英和美的首都很简单，不会再考首都了。而且小国主要考首都，但是像 Sydney，Montreal，Auckland 等小国除首都外最有名的城市也可能考，需要查背资料。（用金山词霸查，最后挑最主要的，记中文即可）如：Sydney：1） A city of southeast Australia on an inlet of the Tasman Sea. The largest city in Australia, it is the countrys chief port and main

2、cultural and financial center. Metropolitan area population, 3,358,550.悉尼：澳大利亚东南部一城市，位于塔斯曼海入海口处是澳大利亚最大的城市，也是该国的重要海港和主要的文化和金融中心，市区人口 3,358,5502）A city of Nova Scotia, Canada, on eastern Cape Breton Island. It is a commercial and industrial center. Population, 29,444.悉尼（或泽锡德尼）：加拿大新斯科舍省一城市，位于布雷顿角岛的东部是商

3、业和工业中心人口 29,444大国主要考地理位置和主要城市，主要城市已经考了英国和美国的 Huston 和Edinburgh，这两个不会再考了，但是 Boston. Baltimore. Philadelphia 等名城下次很可能考，需要查背资料（用金山词霸查，最后记中文即可）如：Boston ：The capital and largest city of Massachusetts, in the eastern part of the state on Boston Bay, an arm of Massachusetts Bay. Founded in the 17th century

4、, it was a leading center of agitation against England in the 18th century and a stronghold of abolitionist thought in the 19th century. Today it is a major commercial, financial, and educational hub. Population, 574,283. 波士顿：美国马萨诸塞州首府和最大城市，位于该州的东部，马萨诸塞湾的一个海湾波士顿湾上。建于 17 世纪，是 18 世纪反对英国暴动的领导中心和 19 世纪废

5、奴思想的强烈支持者。现在是一个主要的商业、金融和教育中心。人口 574,283英美文学1） 作家简介作家简介考题中的作家都是非常出名的，一般的教材都会搜录介绍，而且用金山词霸都可以查到，所以我们可以先把三份题中没有考过的作家，分国别，年代，流派等进行归类整理。工具可以用教材或金山词霸等。但是注意，有些英语专业词汇需要记忆。如： 英 美playwrightpoetnovelistessayist如：William Wordsworth：British poet whose most important collection, Lyrical Ballads (1798), published j

6、ointly with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped establish romanticism in England. He was appointed poet laureate in 1843. 华兹华斯，威廉：(1770-1850) 英国诗人，其最重要的全集抒情歌谣 （1798 年）同塞缪尔泰勒柯尔斯基合作出版，为建立英格兰诗歌的浪漫主义风格做出了贡献。他于 1843 年被授予桂冠诗人。注意：市面上的很多教材，参考书把难度加深了很多，如果发现出的题太偏，可以不用归纳。判断依据是金山词霸：（茅风华指南 p86 no.10 ）Sinclair Lewis

7、不用归纳但是：Eugene ONeill 需要：American playwright. Among his works areMourning Becomes Electra (1931) and Long Days Journey into Night (produced 1956). He won the 1936 Nobel Prize for literature. 奥尼尔，尤金格莱斯顿：(1888-1953) 美国戏剧家，其作品有呻吟中奋起 (1931年）和 直到夜晚的漫长一天 （写于 1956 年） 。获得 1936 年诺贝尔文学奖。T.S. Eloit 不用，因为考过了Will

8、iam Faulkner 需要American writer who set many of his works, such as the novelsThe Sound and the Fury (1929) and The Unvanquished (1938), in the imaginary Yoknapatawpha County, a microcosm of the postbellum South, in which he explored the decay of traditional Southern values. He won the 1949 Nobel Priz

9、e for literature. 福克纳，威廉：(1897-1962) 美国作家，他的许多作品，如小说喧嚣与骚动 （1929年）和 不可战胜 （1938 年） ，都以战后南方的缩影虚构的约克波塔弗郡为背景，揭示了南方传统价值观的衰败。1949 年他获诺贝尔文学奖。英语语言学1） 基本概念基本概念目前为止只考了 Phonology Syntax，所以大家还需要知道：The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics. (普通语言学)The study of sounds, which are used in

10、linguistic communication, is called phonetics. （语音学）The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. （音系学）The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words are called morphology. （形态学）The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form se

11、ntences is called syntax. （句法学）The study of meaning in language is called semantics. （语义学）The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics. （语用学）The study of language with reference to society is called socio-linguistics. （社会语言学）The study of language with reference to the working of mind

12、is called psycho-linguistics. （心理语言学）The study of applications (as the recovery of speech ability) is generally known as applied linguistics. （应用语言学） But in a narrow sense, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second language.Other related branches include anthropological linguistics, （人类语言学） neurological linguistics, （神经语言学） mathematical linguistics, （数字语言学）and computational linguistics. （计算机语言学）Olive 提醒大家：请大家以此为模板，先把三份题分析好，再进行系统的三科看书，考前先看初级备考，相信命中率更高，加油：）