1、 高考写作一 非谓语动词与从句的转换 知识讲解知识点 1：不定式（短语）与从句的关系1.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。(1).To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That Im able to help you) (2).He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.)(3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea.(= It is said that
2、Bush has decided to attack North Korea.)2.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句(1).We still dont know when and where to build a school.(宾语)(=when and where we should build a school)(2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补)(=that he should go and see)(3).He thought it a great pity not to have invite
3、d her. .(宾语) (=That he hadnt invited her.)3.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(=that they should leave)(2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding.(=that they can get a good understanding)4.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作定语.，相当于一个定语从句(1
4、).The question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Beijing.(=that is shortly to open in Beijing)(2).All dead, I was the only one to grow up. (=that grew up)5.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作目的结果状语.，相当于一个目的结果状语从句(1).He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(=in order/so th
5、at) (2).The lady was so excited as not to say a word.(=so excited that she couldnt)6.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作原因状语.，相当于一个原因状语从句(1).I trembled to think of being punished by the boss.(=because I though of being punished by the boss)(2).We were disappointed to have lost the game.(=that we have lost the game)知识
6、点 2：动名词（短语）与从句的关系1.【考查点】：动名词（短语）在句中作主语，相当于一个主语从句(1).Your going away (=That you went away) made the professor angry. (2).Marys not being made monitor (=That Mary was not made monitor ) made us sad.被动的动名词在句中作主语时一般不能省(3).Being called a fool(=That he was called a fool) hurt Bob badly.2.【考查点】：动名词（短语）再句中作
7、宾语或宾补语，相当于一个宾语从句(1).I remember being taken to Beijing(=that I was taken to Beijing) when I was five.(2).He admitted having married Mary to a soldier(=that he had married Mary to a soldier).3.【考查点】：动名词（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My duty is serving the people heart and soul. =(that Ill serve the people h
8、eart and soul).(2).The problem is his not having prepared his lessons for the exam.=（that he hasnt prepared his lessons for the exam）.(3).The difficulty is Marys being caught between the two trees.=（that Mary is caught between the two trees）.4.【考查点】： 介词动名词（短语） ，相当于一个从句(1).He was afraid of being scol
9、ded by his mistake.(=that he was)(2).He was astonished at her knowing you.(=that she knew you)(3).We heard the news of our team having won.(=that our team had won)知识点 3：分词（短语）与从句的关系1.【考查点】：分词（短语）作定语，相当于一个定语从句(1).The hospital was an old building built in 1931(=that was built in 1931).(2).Do you know
10、the girl standing over there(=who is standing over there)?(3).The man speaking to us the other day(= who spoke to us the other day) has gone to Japan.2.【考查点】：分词独立结构，相当于一个状语从句，其中伴随状语多与并列句转换(1).Weather permitting, well have the match tomorrow.(=If weather permits)(2).The dark clouds having disappeared
11、, the sun shone again.(=When the dark clouds had disappeared)(3).The monitor being illwed better put the meting off.(=As the monitor was ill)(4).Other things being equal(=If other things are equal), Id buy the black dress.(5).Given more time(=If we were given more time), we could have done it better
12、.(6).He came back, his hands tied to his back(=his hands were tied to his back).3.【考查点】：分词短语，相当于一个状语从句(1).On arriving(=As soon as I arrive) there, Ill telephone you.（时间）(2).(While)waiting(=While I was waiting )for the bus, I caught sight of her （时间）(3).Educated(=As he was educated ) by the party, he
13、 became a great fighter.（原因）(4).Not having received(=Because I hadnt received an answer, I wrote to him again.（原因）(5).(If) given(=If we had been given )enough time, e could have done it better.（条件）(6).(Though) having made(=Though he had made) great achievements, he didnt pride.(让步)4.【考查点】：分词短语作状语，可表
14、伴随，结果，相当于 and 的并列句，也可和 with 转换(1).He died, leaving his daughter much money.(=and left)(2).The teacher entered the lab, followed by our students.(=and he was followed by our students =with us following him=and we followed him)5.【考查点】：分词短语在句中作宾语或宾语补足语，相当于一个宾语从句(1).He found the windows broken.(=He foun
15、d that the windows were broken.)(2).I felt my heart beating fast at the news of bomb explosion.(=I felt that my heart was besting fast at the news of bomb explosion)知识点 4：特殊转换1.【考查点】：动名词复合结构相当于从句(1).Sophias having seen them(=That Sophia had seen them) didnt surprised us.(2).I cant bear his (him) sta
16、ying up so late(=that he stays up so late).(3).We encourage students living in the school(=that students live in the school).(4).What was disappointing was our not being able to go for a picnic (that we were not able to go for a picnic).2.【考查点】： there+being+其他成分(1).There being nothing to do, we play
17、ed games.(=Because there was nothing to do) (原因)(2).They closed the store, there being no customers.(=Because ther was no customers) (原因)四、例题精析【例题 1】Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _ a good college.A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered【答案】B 【解析】容易误选 A。有的同学一看到空格前的
18、情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 enter。其实正确答案应是 B。此句为省略句，即在 could 后省略了动词 do，若把句子补完整应为 Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语 (to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。【例题2】He knows nothing about it, so he cant help _ any of your work.A
19、. doing B. to do C. being doing D. to be done【答案】B【解析】容易误选 A，根据 cant help doing sth 这一结构推出。其实答案应选 B。比较以下结构：cant help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事【例题 3】The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not making D.
20、do not make【答案】B【解析】容易误选 C，受题干中的逗号的影响，认为是现在分词表结果的用法。其实答案应选 B，句中的逗号相当于连词 and 或 but，not to make it more difficult 是对逗号前的不定式 to make life easier 的补充说明。此句的意思是“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，而不是使生活变得更困难 “。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语 purpose 的内容。五、课堂运用【基础】1. Mrs. White showed her student some old maps _from the library. A. to bor
21、row B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing 【答案】C【解析】解析：此题考察非谓语动词做定语。非谓语动词做定语，首先判断动词与所修饰名词的主动还是被动关系，borrow 和 maps 是被动关系，被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种：to be done 表示动作将要发生，being done 表示动作正在发生，done 表示动作已经完成，根据句意 borrow 的动作已经完成，因此选择 C。句意：怀特夫人向学生们展示了从图书馆借来的一些老地图。2. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken s
22、ome money out of the bank_ presents for my dad. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought 【答案】B【解析】解析：动词不定式的一般式作目的状语。 “买礼物” 发生在“从银行取了一些钱 ”后，所以 D 不可以选。 句意：父亲节将要到来，为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。3.Though _ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome。 A. surprise B was surprised C. surprised D. being surpri
23、sed 【答案】C【解析】解析：省略结构和非谓语动词考查。补完整为：Though he was surprised，跟后面句子的主语一致，可以省略主语和系动词。【巩固】1. He had wonderful childhood, _with his mother to all corners of the word A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling 【答案】D【解析】解析：主语(he)与动词 travel 之间存在主动关系，故用 traveling 作伴随状语。2.Its no use_ over spilt milk.A.cry
24、B.crying C.that you cry D.for you to cry【答案】B【解析】It is no good (use ) doing sth.该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，形式主语。主句中的表语可以是 no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )。3.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. to be tied B. being tied C. tied D. having tied【答案】C【解析】容易误选 B。最佳答案为
25、 C。从意义上看，hands 与 tie 的关系应属被动关系，故排除 D。在 A、B、C 三个选项中，选项 A 比较容易排除，因为不定式表示将来意义，在此与语境不符。现将B 和 C 作一比较： B 为现在分词的被动式，它表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表进行，也就是说 his hands being tied 的实际意思是“他的手正在被捆住“，这显然与语境不符。而 C 为过去分词，它也表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态，此句中的 with his hands tied behind his back 可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳答案为 C。【拔高】1.Onc
26、e your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life.A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying【答案】D【解析】几个干扰项均有可能误选。最佳答案为 D。由于空格后出现了 constantly 这一副词，这就说明不能选 B 或 C，因为 B、C 均为名词，不能受副词 constantly 的修饰。A 和 D 均是可能的，因为其中有动词 fly。但若选 A，you fly 是一个主谓结构，与其后的谓语 will be 相冲突，所以只能选 D，即动名
27、词 flying 在此用作主语。2. Not only should you get used _ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention _ your work well.A. to work, to do B. to working, to doing C. to work, to doing D. to working, to do【答案】B【解析】容易误选 A，认为两个空白处均应填不定式。正确答案为 B，因为 get used to 与 pay attention to 这两个结构中的 to 均为介词
28、，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不能动词原形。3.Both of my parents insisted _ a computer for me, but I dont think it is necessary.A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D. in buying【答案】C 【解析】容易误选 B，误认为 insist 后不能接不定式，但可以接动名词。答案应选 C。其实，动词 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，因为 insist 通常用作不及物动词；若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词 on 或 upon，即用于 insist on upon (doing) sth；但它有时的确也可用作及物动词，不过其宾语通常只能是 that 从句，而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。课程小结本节课主要围绕写作一非谓语动词和从句的转换来讲解的，通过本课的学习要求学生除了掌握相关知识点，还能理论结合实际，能灵活运用和举一反三。课下要求学生多做题，多思考。近年中考对语法点的考查往往是与语境相结合，因此，同学在做题时要结合语境来分析题目，灵活地运用语法知识。
