1、You Are What You think,Do you see the glass as half-full rather than half-empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut, not upon the hole? Suddenly these cliches are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking.,仔细检查,炸面包圈,陈词滥调,A fast-growing body of research-104 st
2、udies so far, involving some 1,5000people is proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness.“ if we could teach people to think positively
3、,“ says psychologist Craig A. Anderson of Rice university in Houston,“ it would be like inoculating them against these mental ills.,相反的,为接种,“you abilities count ,”explains psychologist Michael F.Scheier of Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh,“ but the belief that you can succeed affects the sam
4、e challenges and disappointments in very different ways.,Take, for example, your job. In a major study psychologist Martin E.P.Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania and his colleague Peter Schulman surveyed sales representatives at the Metropolitan Life Insurances sold 37 percent more insurance
5、 than did the negative-thinkers. Of newly hired representatives, optimists sold 20percent more.,代表,保险,Impressed, the company hired 100 people who had failed the standard industry test but had scored high on optimism these people who might never have been hired, sold 10 percent more insurance than di
6、d the average representative.,n. 产业；工业；勤勉,How did they do it? the secret to an optimists success, according to Seligman, is in his“ explanatory style.“ when things go wrong the pessimist tends to blame himself.” Im no good at this,“ he says “i always fail.” the optimist looks for other explanations.
7、 He blames the weather the phone connection, even the other person. that customer was in a bad mood, he thinks. When things go right, the optimist takes credit while the pessimist thinks success is due to luck.,解释的,电话线路,Negative or positive, it was a self-fulfilling prophecy. “if people feel hopeles
8、s,“ says Anderson,“ they dont bother to acquire the skills they need to succeed.”,让自己满意的,预言,acquire,助记 quire(问，求)acquire 取得学到；inquire 询问，调查；require 要求，需要 语境we must cherish（珍惜）experience acquired at the cost of blood. 我们必须珍惜用鲜血换来的经验。,acquire,辨异acquire obtain gain acquire 指学问 技术等较抽象的东西 obtain 指经过很长时间或
9、很大努力 取得的东西 Gain 的含义obtain 更进一层 翻译为 赢得 It took her nine years to acquire the ability to use English and about two years to obtain the permission to study abroad. Now fifteen years has passed and its indeed not easy for her to gain the honor in a foreign country.,A sense of control, according to Ander
10、son, is the real test for success. The optimist feels in control of his own life. If things are going badly, he acts quickly looking for solutions, forming a new plan of action, and reaching out for advice. The pessimist feels like a toy of fate. Since he assumes nothing can be done.,命运的玩具,Optimists
11、 may think they are better than the facts would justify-and sometimes thats what keeps them from getting sick. In a long-term study, researchers examined the health histories of a group of Harvard graduates, all of whom were in the top half of their class and in fine physical condition. Yet some wer
12、e positive thinkers, and some negative twenty years later, there were more middle age diseases among the pessimists than the optimists.,证明正当,Many studies suggest that the pessimists feeling of helplessness undermines the bodys natural defenses, the immune system. Dr.Christopher Peterson of the Unive
13、rsity of Michigan has found that the pessimist doesnt take good care of himself. Feeling passive and unable to dodge lifes blows, he expects ill health and other misfortunes, no matter what he does. He eats unhealthy food, avoids exercise, ignores the doctor, has another drink.,vt. 破坏,n. 无能为力,n. 防卫,
14、adj. 免疫的,打击,不幸,dodge,dodge v.1.躲闪2.逃避义务 n.1.躲闪2.伎俩3.逃避 语境The reporters gathered around him, but he dodged their questions.记者们聚集在他的周围，但他避开了他们的提问。 Those were dodges he used to escape taxation. 那些是他用以逃税的诡计 搭配dodge about 东躲西闪,Most people are a mix of optimism and pessimism, but are inclined in one direc
15、tion or the other . It is a pattern of thinking learned from early childhood, says Seligman. It grows out of thousands of cautions or encouragement, negative statements or positive ones. Too many “donts“ and warnings of danger can make a child feel incompetent, fearful-and pessimistic,趋向,模式,警告,无能力的,
16、incline,vi. 倾斜；倾向 vt. 使倾斜；使倾向于 n. 倾斜；斜面；斜坡 助记clin倾斜decline下降；incline（使）倾斜 语境His attitude did not incline me to help him.他的态度使我不想帮助他。 She inclined her head in prayer.她低下头祈祷。 They walked down a steep incline. 他们走下了一个陡峭的斜坡。 be clines to be apt to tend to be likely to,倾向于,As they grow, children experien
17、ce small triumphs, such as learning to tie shoelaces. Parents can help turn these successes into a sense of control, and that breeds optimism.,成功,系鞋带,滋生，引起,triumph,n. 胜利，凯旋；欢欣 vi. 获得胜利，成功 语境Our win the college team was a great triumph. 我们战胜大学队真是伟大的胜利。 搭配triumph over 战胜 I believe that love is the gre
18、atest thing in the world; that it alone can overcome hate; that right can and will triumph over might.我相信爱是世界上最强大的事物，只有爱能压倒恨；而且相信正义能够且最终会战胜强权。 辨异triumph victory triumph 指借喻性的胜利 指军事上的胜利用victory而不用triumph,Pessimism is a hard habit to break but it can be done. In a series of studies Dr.Carol Dweck of t
19、he University of Illinois has been working with children in the early grades of school. As she helps students to change the explanations for their failures-from“ I must be dumb“ to “I didnt study hard enough”-their academic performance improves.,一连串,哑的,学术上的,dumb,1.哑的 2.沉默寡言的 3.无声的 4.傻的 聋 deaf 哑 dumb
20、 瞎 blind 瘸 lame Good husbands ought to be deaf; good wives to be dumb. 好丈夫应该装聋，好妻子应该作哑。 语境He was struck dumb with horror.他被吓得说不出话来。 Thats a dumb way to open a bottle.用那种方法打开瓶子可真笨。,academic,adj. 学术的 n. 大学生 助记academician 院士，学会会员 辨异academic, professor, teacher, lecturer, tutor A professor is a senior u
21、niversity academic(大学教师), not an ordinary teacher. University and college teacher are usually called lecturers or tutors. （导师）,So, if youre a pessimist, theres reason for optimism. You can change. Heres how, says Steve Hollon, a psychologist at Vanderbilt University： Pay careful attention to your th
22、oughts when bad things happen. Write down the first thing that comes to mind, without any changes or corrections.,Now try an experiment. Do something thats contrary to any negative reactions. Lets say something has gone wrong at work . Do you think, I hate my job, but I could never get a better one?
23、 act as if that werent so. Send out resumes go to interviews. Investigate both training and job possibilities.,个人简历,调查,interview,n.v.面试 采访view 看助记派生：interviewee 面试者interviewer 面试官 语境your interview for the job is tomorrow. 你的求职面试在明天。 The newspaper reporters interviewed the Minister. 报界记者采访了部长。,interv
24、iew 相见,preview 先看,review 再看,Keep track of what happens. Were your first thoughts right or wrong?“ if your thoughts are holding you back, change them,“ says hollow. “its trial and error, no guarantees, but give yourself a chance .” Positive thinking leads to positive action-and reaction. What you expect from the world, the evidence suggests, is what youre likely to get.,了解情况 掌握的线索,试验；审讯,保证,可能,
