1、写作第一单元总结Unit 1 Paragraph WritingUnit Objectives? 1. become familiar with the organizational structure of a paragraph? 2. know how to write a good topic sentence and select supporting details to achieve unity? 3. be able to use various devices to achieve coherenceWhat is a good paragraph? Paragraphs:
2、 smaller units of a longer piece of writing? A good paragraph is a group of sentences that support and develop a single idea.? In other words, a paragraph expands upon a core idea stated in its topic sentence.? And in this unit, we are going to study how to write well-organized paragraphs.Topic Sent
3、ence? Topic sentence: a sentence that names the topic of the paragraph and contains a controlling idea. E.g. Riding a bicycle gives me much pleasure. I had a terrible morning today.Features of a good topic sentence? 1. It is a complete sentence.? 2. It contains both a topic and a controlling idea.?
4、3. It is neither too general nor too specific.? 4. It tells the reader what to expect in the paragraph.The spelling of the word centre in British English is different from that in American English? Comment: too specific? Improvement: British English is different from American English in spelling.Dif
5、ferent countries with different customs? Comment: This is not a sentence, but a fragment.? Improvement: Different countries have different customs.The local food is terrible? Comment: too general, too emotional? Improvement: The local food is tasteless and greasy.Organizational StructureA paragraph
6、consists of three main parts:? The topic sentence: Introduces the topic sentence and the controlling idea of the paragraph. ?beginning, end or middle? The supporting sentences: Support or develop the controlling idea.? The concluding sentence: Wind up the whole paragraph by restating the topic sente
7、nce or draw an inference.A good paragraph should achieve? Unity? Coherence (make things move in a more natural and sensible way)Unity? The essential quality of a good paragraph? A well-written paragraph has only one point to make, and every sentence in the paragraph develops or supports that idea.?
8、Unnecessary details or unexpected directions should be avoided.Coherence? Ideas? Content? The form of expression Thoughts: orderly and never abrupt Between ideas: no gaps or confusing leapsFour Basic Techniques to achieve coherence? Repetition of key words and phrases? Transitional signals? Use of p
9、ronouns (their, they ,it)? Repetitions of sentence patterns Transitional signals? To link ideas together second, next, third, besides, finally, moreover, furthermore, in addition, and? To indicate time after, later, first, next, then, afterward, from then on, meanwhile, now, until, while? To give ex
10、amples such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate? To show similarity likewise, also, in the same way, similarly, too, in the same manner? To show contrast but, although, however, in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, whereas, while, yet? To show causation Because, as, sinc
11、e, due to, for, for this reason, now that, owing to? To show consequence Therefore, as a result, consequently, thus, accordingly? To emphasize or restate Above all, after all, in fact, particularly, that is, namely, in other words, especially indeed, as a matter of fact, no doubt? To conclude a poin
12、t To sum up, to summarize, to conclude, in a word, in conclusion, in brief, in short, in summaryConclusion? A good paragraph: a group of sentences to support a single idea.? Topic sentence = topic + controlling idea Not be too general, specific or emotional? Unity and coherenceHomework? Discuss with
13、 each other over the advantages and disadvantages of having a mobile phone. Then pick out a few ideas, reorganize them and write one paragraph on the advantages or on the disadvantages of having a mobile phone.? Ask one classmate to edit your writing and make some comments on the topic sentence, unity, and coherence, etc.
