1、http:/ 例题例一、a、b 均为非零向量,则 |a+b| = |ab| 是 的 (C)A充分不必要条件 B必要不充分条件 C充要条件 D既不充分也不必要条件解:若|a+b| = |a b| |a+b|2 = |ab|2 |a|2 + 2ab + |b|2 = |a|2 2ab + |b|2 ab = 0 ab 例二、向量 a 与 b 夹角为 ,|a| = 2,|b| = 1,求| a+b|ab|的值。3解:|a+ b|2 = |a|2 + 2ab + |b|2 = 4 + 221cos + 1 = 73|a+ b| = , 同理:| ab|2 = 3, |ab| = |a+ b|ab| =
2、7 21例三、 ABCD 中, = a, = b, = c, = d,ABCDA且 ab = bc = cd = da,问 ABCD 是怎样的四边形?解:由题设:|a|b|cos B = |b|c|cosC = |c|d|cosD = |d|a|cosA|a| = |c| , | b| = |d| cosA = cosB = cosC = cosD = 0 ABCD 是矩形例四、 如图ABC 中, = c, = a, = b,则下列推导不正确的是(D)A若 a b 0 或68516851例六、i、j 是平面直角坐标系内 x 轴、y 轴正方向上的两个单位向量,且 = 4i + 2j, =3i +
3、 4j,ABC证明:ABC 是直角三角形,并求它的面积。解: = (4, 2), = (3, 4), 则 = (34, 42) = (1, 2), = (4, 2), BBA = (1)(4) + (2)2 = 0 C即ABC 是直角三角形| | = , | | = , 且B = 90, AB5242C5)(122S ABC = 1例七、用向量方法证明:菱形对角线互相垂直。证:设 = = a , = = bABDCBABCD 为菱形 |a| = |b| = (b + a)(b a) = b2 a2 = |b|2 |a|2 = 0 ACBD例八、已知 a、b 都是非零向量,且 a + 3b 与 7a 5b 垂直,a 4b 与 7a 2b 垂直,求 a 与 b 的夹角。解:由(a + 3b)(7a 5b) = 0 7a 2 + 16ab 15b2 = 0 (a 4b)(7a 2b) = 0 7a2 30ab + 8b2 = 0 两式相减:2ab = b 2代入或得:a 2 = b2设 a、b 的夹角为,则 cos = = 6021|baCA BDa b