1、COMAUS Most Applicable SAFETY ConceptsRisk Assessment and Management风险评估管理Management of risk is a continue process and the cornerstone of all the SAFETY Elements. We continuously identify the hazards and assess the risks associated with our activities . In addition, we take appropriate action to man
2、age the risks and thus prevent or reduce the impact of potential incidents.风险管理是一个持续的过程， 是所有安全要素的基础。我们会对与我们工作相关的风险和危险进行持续的确认和评估。除此之外，我们还会采取适当的措施来管理风险以预防或减少潜在的事故的影响。This is accomplished with engineering and designs that will reduce risk to our workers, the environment, and our assets. Also through de
3、velopment of Method Statements , Job Hazard Analyhsis (JHA), Project Safety Reviews (PSR), pre-tour meetings and discussions of simultaneous operarations. In addition ,this includes ensuring the proper use of personal protective equipment for all tasks .People, training and behaviors人、培训和行为Peoples b
4、ehavior is critical to COMAUs success; therefore,our workforce is carefully trained.All personnel will be properly trained and competent to perform their tasks.人的行为是柯马成功的关键，因此，我们会对员工进行认真的培训。所有的员工都会有合适的培训机会，以便能够胜任他们要承担的工作。The complete training requirements vary depending on the job that will be perfo
5、rmed or the roles and responsibility of everyone on our location to stop any job if they feel it is not safe.柯马的每一个员工都应该熟悉其工作的安全要求。本手册只是给出了工作活动中一个整体的安全概念。更为重要的是，对于遇到的任何不安全的行为，我们每一个人都有义务和责任去停止并帮助其纠正。Energy isolation 能源隔离Permit to work 工作许可证Working at heights 高处作业Machinery safety 机械安全Housekeeping 文明施工
6、Drive safety 行车安全p.p.e 劳动防护用品office safety-dos and donts 办公室安全Energy isolation 能源隔离The servicing ,maintenance, pre-commission and dcommissioning of all machines ,equipments,electrical circuits,compressors etc in which the unexpected star-up or the release of stored energy could cause injury to emplo
7、yees.所有机器、设备、电路、压缩机等的维修、保养、预调试和调试工作中，机械无意中的启动或所储藏能源的释放都会对人员造成伤害。If an activity-such as lubricating , cleaning, un-jamming and testing of the equipment/machines-takes place, the empkoyee performing the work may be subjected to hazards that are not encountered as part of the lubricating, cleaning,un-j
8、amming and testing the equipment operation itself . workers engaged in thes operations are covered by lockout/tagout when any of the following conditions occurs.进行某项操作，比如对机器/设备进行润滑、清洁、拆卸和试验时，操作者就可能处于并非该工作本身所造成的危险中。进行上述操作时， 如果出现下述情况，就需要应用锁定/标签规定。The employee must either remove or bypass machine guard
9、s or other safety devices ,resulting in exposure to hazards at the point of operation.必须拆除机器护罩或其他安全设施，或将其旁通，导致操作点处于危险之中。The employee is required to place any part of his or her body in contact wih the point of operation of the operational machine or piece of equipment ;or 需要将他们的身体部位与所操作的机器或设备的操作点相接触
10、；或者In the above situations, the equipment must be de-energized and locks or tage must be applied to the energy-isolation devices.在上述情况下，需要却断设备能量源，在断电设备上设置锁定或设置标签。In addition, when tasks-such as setting equipment up ,and/or making significant adjustments to machines-, employees perfoming such tasks a
11、re required to lock out or tag out if they can be injured by unexpected energization of the equipment .另外，如进行设备安装或大量机组调校工作，在有可能被设备意外放电/能源释放伤害时，从事该工作的人员均要求将设备锁定或设置标签。Before lockout or tag out devices are removed and energy is restored to the machine or equipment ,the authorized employee(s) must make
12、sure that the whole machine conditions in place ,unrealated materials and personnel are clear from the this area ,all interested parties infomed.在拆除锁定或标签和机组或设备送电/恢复能量供应之前，授权员工确认整个机器状况良好，无关的材料的人员已经撤离，相关人员已经通知到。The locks or tags are removed only by those employees who attached them .(In he very few in
13、stances when this is not possible ,the device may be removed by the others, provided that he or she strictly adheres to the specific procedured outlined in site safety practice.)锁定或标签只能由设置它的员工拆除（只有很少且当上述行为不可能时，可以由其他人拆除，条件是他或她严格遵守具体的现场操作程序。 ）Permit to work 工作许可证All critical operations will be under t
14、he control of a permit to work system authorized by the site .all permit requests must be made in designed period prior to woek commencing .所有关键作业行为均必须处于现场授权作业许可证制度的控制下。各种作业许可证都必须在作业开始之前指定的时间内提出申请。Critical operations critical operations include hot works, electrical work ,excavations ,use of radioac
15、tive and explosive material , lifting operations over 50 tons are using 2 cranes and any orher operatios which might be identified during the progress of the project that need to be covered under the permit to work system .关键作业- 关键作业包括动火作业、电气作业、开掘、放射性和易爆炸材料的使用、使用二台吊机吊起五十吨以上的设备以及项目进行过程中其他适用作业许可证制度的各类
16、作业。Routine operations will not be covered by permit to work .常规作业不需要办理作业许可证。Routine operations operations in areas solely designated for operations will not require permit to work wcen though critical operations are carried out. For example a work shop or grit blasting area where hot work is conside
17、red normal operation will not require permit to work .howe ver these activities must be covered under other ssps or special procedure for the area . any other work that is not covered under the areas procedure will require a permit to work.常规作业- 这是指那些在专属区域进行的、但不需要取得作业许可证就可以施工的作业（即使是关键作业） 。例如在喷钢砂处理区域
18、，动火作业是“常规操作” ，所以就不必申请作业许可证。但是， 在这些区域进行作业时，必须接受其它现场安全规定或适用该区域的特殊程序的控制。超出区域程序范围的任何作业，必须申请并获得作业许可实施。If for any reason work controlled by a permit has to be suspended then the permit will immediately be returned dto the approving authority woho will acknowledge the fact and co-ordinate the return of all
19、 permits to the permit office.如果由于各种原因，原来受许可证控制的某项作业不得不战士停止，则应该将许可证立即返还批准部门，再由其向许可证办公室通报真相，并将各种许可证退还给许可证办公室。It is important to make sure that one activity under a permit to work does not create danger for another ongoing activity .在根据作业许可证进行某项作业时，必须确保不对其它正在进行的工作构成威胁。这一点是非常重要。Permit to work certifica
20、tes required will generally cover the following areas.一般情况下，在下列场合作业需要事先申请作业许可证。Hot work ,i.e.welding,flame cutting, grinding动火作业，例如，焊接、火焰切割和磨削等Electrical work 电器作业Excabations 开挖Work involving the use of dangerour substances i.e. radioactive material and explosives使用危险材料的作业，如放射性材料和易爆炸材料。Lifting opera
21、tions over 80 tons or using two cranes.八十吨以上的起吊作业，或两台吊机并进行作业Any dother activities required by client客户要求的许可证作业。Working at height高空作业Comau will take suitable and sufficient steps to prevent persons from falling . requirements are given where a person is liable to fall two meters or more requires that
22、 suitable and effective measures be taken to prevent any person falling a distance likely to cause personal injury.柯马将采取适当而充分的措施，防止人员坠落。当作业高于 2 米人员可能坠落时，必须采取合适而有效的措施，防止坠落对人员造成伤害。Working at heights of 2 meters (6 feet) or higher aabove the ground cannot proceed unless:在高于地面 2 米（6 英尺）或更高的地方作业时必须遵守以下规定
23、：A fixed platform is used with guard or hand rails , verified by a competent person(s) or 使用带有护栏或扶手的固定作业平台，并由专人检查，或。 。 。Fall arrest equipment is used that is capable of supporting at least a 2275 kg (5000 ibs) static load per person and has :使用防坠落装置，它必须足以承受至少每人 2275 公斤（5000 磅）的静负荷，并且有：A proper ancho
24、r mounted , preferably overhead 一个正确的锚固装置，最好安装在顶部；Full body harness using double latch self locking snap hoock at eaxh connection系上全身安全带，在每个接位有双碰锁，自锁挂钩。Synthetic fiber lanyards 合成纤维素；Fall arrest equipment will limit free fail to 2 meters ( 6 feet ) or less防坠落装置应该将自由下落高度控制在 2 米（6 英尺）或更低的距离以内A visual
25、inspection of the fall arrest equipmenty and system is completed and any equipment that is damaged or has been activated is taken out of service.完成防坠落装置和系统外观检查。任何损坏的或已使用过的设备必须停止使用。Persons are competent to perform the work 工作人员能够胜任工作Managers are required risks from working at heights and adopt workin
26、g practices that will reduce the likelihood of the potential consequences . a risk assessment is to be carried out and all considerations about the falling objects and people falling should be taken.要求经理们对高空作业的风险进行评估，采取适当的工作措施，降低潜在危险发生的可能性。 作业之前应进行风险评估，并综合考虑各种可导致人员或者物体坠落因素。Every employee , working o
27、n an elevated surface at a height greater than 2m on which there is no well-done scaffold or permanent refinery platform , shall be securely fastened to an appropriate anchor point or field tie-off point by a personal fall arrest system at all times . this is a zero tolerance issue and applies to al
28、l personnel entering the comau project controlled areas.对于每个员工， 当他在 2 米以上高空作业时，如果没有使用完好的脚手架或者永久的精制平台，则必须采取人身坠落制动系统，使该员工一直牢固系在一个合适的锚接点或现场系挂点上。这是一个“零宽容”的问题，适用于在柯马现场的所有人员。 A safety lanyard shall be connected to an appropriate anchor point or field tie-off point at all times when transferring the person
29、al fall arrest system to another anchor point or field tie-off point . two safety lanyards are required to complete this process in the prescribed manner unless special devices specifically engineered for 100% tie-off are in place.如果要将个人高空坠落防护系统转移到另外的锚接点或现场系挂点，必须将安全系索始终连结到一个适合的锚接点或现场系挂点上。除非配备专门设计的用于
30、 100%连结的特种设备，否则完成上述过程需要二根安全系索。Failure to comply with the comau 100% fall protection policy will result in disciplinary action being taken违反柯马的 100%坠落保护政策将会受到处罚。Machinery safety 机械安全Nearly a quarter of recorded accidents at work are caused by dangerous machinery . most of them are the result of inade
31、quate guarding of moving parts on machine or bcoause effective guards and safety measures han=ve been tampered with .the purpose of machine guarding is to keep people and machines physically apart .在记录在案的生产事故中， 大约有四分之一的事故都是由危险的机械设备造成的。 而这其中大部分事故又都是因为没有机械的传动部件采取充分足够的防护措施及因为防护和安全措施不得力而引起的。机械设备防护的目的是为了
32、让人和机械实现身体隔离。All machinery and tools must be guarded properly. People who are responsible for acquiring, receiving and using machinery are responsibke to ensure the machine guarding requirement is met at all stages , in the cases of prime movee4rs (engine ,motors , or other appliance providing mech a
33、nical energy fronm stem , w2ater v, wind , electricity , etc) and of transmission machinery (belts, pulleys, shafts , clutches, coupings etc )danger is assumed所有设备机械和工具必须进行妥善防护。负责获取、接收和使用设备的人员应负责确保在各个阶段满足设备机械防护要素。 传动机械（传送带、滑轮、轴承、离合器、联接器等）的主要转动部件（机车、马达和其他利用蒸汽、水、风和电等获得动能的部件）均具危险。It is recognized that
34、sonmetime the moving parts of machinery need to be approached for legitimate reasons such as lubricating while conficts may be caused with the guard. So , it is quite necessary to set up and keep a safe system. The approaching to equipment because of lubricating /adjustment must be firstly taken int
35、o consideration. More important is to ensure that no exposed dangerous parts when the machine is being designed and installed.有些时候出某些必要原因如润滑等需要接近设备的转动部件，而设备维护可能会与这些作业相冲突。因此，有必要建立并维护一个安全体系。 应预先考虑到因需润滑和调整等原因而必须接近设备情况。机械设备的设计和安装必须合理可行，确保在进行操作时没有暴露在外的危险部件。If machines have a known propensity for throwing
36、 off potentially injurious bits (such as molten metal from a die-casting machine ) then a safe system of work must be in place. Part of the system under such circumstances wourkd have to include measures to prevent people from being injured by flying parts of whatever sort.如果确知机械设备有可能向外抛扔有伤害性的东西（如压铸
37、机会抛出熔化金属） ，此时，应采用安全工作系统。针对类似情况的安全系统必须采取防止人员受到飞散物等的伤害的措施。If the safety of a dangerous part of any machinery cannot, by reason of the nature of the operation, be secured by means of a fixed guard, the lae id deemed to choose a device that automatically prevents the operator from coming tinto contact w
38、ith that dangerous part.如果设备的某一危险部件由于作业的特性导致无法利用固定防护来保证其安全性，应确保采用某一装置， 自动防止作业人员接触危险部件。Every operator of machinery is to be adequately trained to use the machine he works at . he is to be aware of the dangers ; how the guarding system woeks ; and theat any defect or malfunction needs to be regularly
39、checked for adjustment , to ensure that the guards do the job for which they were dstgned, and to see that they are not subject to a degree of wear and tear which prejudices their effectiveness.使用机械设备的每一个操作者必须接受作业设备相关的足够培训。他必须清楚设备操作的危险性，了解防护系统的工作原理。对设备进行定期检查，一旦发现任何缺陷和功能障碍，应立即进行调整，确保所有防护设计目的有效运转，并杜绝设
40、备进行严重磨损，以免影响其效果。Personal protective clothing and equipment required are not substitutes for effective engineering controls such as machine guarding, but can ptay an essential part in providing secondary protection to worker.个人防护衣和必要的装备并不能有效的代替工程控制如机械防护，但能为工人提供二级保护起到非常关键的作用。Equipment and tools must b
41、e inspected before each use to sesure all guarding are in place and sturdy condition. 设备和工具必须在使用进行检查，确保采取了所有防护措施应处于稳固状态。Housekeeping 文明施工Housekeeping is more than just sweepin the floor and wiping dust off machines and equipment, cleanliness is only a part of housekeeping. The most critical and most
42、 overlooked part of housekeeping is order. A work area is in order when there are no unnecessaru objects in the area and when all necessary items are in their proper places .文明施工不仅包括清洁地面和擦拭机械和设备， 整洁只是文明施工的一部分，最关键和最容易被忽略的文明施工是有序。有序指的是工作区域没有不必要的物料，所有必要的物料都在适当的地方。Bad housekeeping can lead to:不好的文明施工会导致
43、：Slips from slick or wet floors , platforms, and other walking and working and working surfaces滑倒；从滑的或者湿的地面上、平台上和其它行走和工作表面上。Tripping from objects or materials that are left in walkways and work areas.绊倒：被遗留在过道和工作区物体和材料绊倒。Falls into holes in waling and woeking surfaces ,uneven flooring,uncovered pits
44、 or drains, and boxes and pallets , and use of aisles for atoring materials and equipment.坠落：从行走和作业面的预留洞口， 不平坦的地面，未覆盖的下水井和下水道，代替平台的箱子和垫子等。Collisions caused by poorly stored materials , overhanging or protruding objects , non organized placement of paillets , and use of aisles for storing materials a
45、nd equipment .被不好的存贮的材料，悬挂物或者突出物碰撞，乱放工具， 和使用过道存贮材料和设备。Fire hazards 火灾危险Vehicle hazards 车辆危险Blocked access in emergency紧急通道被阻Good housekeeping can文明施工能够Eliminates accident and fire causes消除事故和火灾隐患Saves energy by eliminating the need to work “round ”congested areas and “eadwood ” stored in the work ar
46、ea.通过排除现场周围拥挤的环境和工作区域存贮的暂时不用的材料，节约能源。Provides the best use of space 合理利用空间Keeps inventory of materials to a minimum减少存货Helps control property damage控制财产损失Guarantees a good workplace appearance保证好的工作外观形象Encouranges better working habits 鼓励好的工作习惯Reflects an image of a well-run operation 体现良好的组织对象Reduc
47、es the amount of cleanup and janitorial work 减少清洁、清理的工作量Housekeeping rule文明施工规则整理（seiri）organization将必需物品与非必需品区分开，在岗位上不要放置必需以外的物品。Identify the necessaries and unnecessaries; do not keep the unnecessaries around your work place.整顿（seiton） neatness将必需物品放于任何人都能立即取到的状态。Keep the necessaries within the im
48、mediate reach of everybody.清扫（seiso） standardization将岗位变得无垃圾、无灰尘，干净整洁；设备保养得锃亮完好；创造一个一尘不染的环境。Keep your wok place free of rubbish and dust, clean and orderly; equipment well cleaned and maintained; keep a clear working environment.清洁（seiketsu）standardization将整理、整顿、清扫进行到底，并成为一种制度和习惯。Go on with organiza
49、tion , neatness, cleaning and form a good system and habit of that.修养（shitsuke）discipline and training对于规定了的事情，大家都按要求去执行。Everybody needs to put it into practice when a system is settled.Drive safety行车安全Vehicle safety applies to our vehicles /mobile equipment of comau company and with tracel from home to woek. It also applies when drving rental vehicle for company business.车辆安全应用于我们柯马公司从家开来工作的车辆/移动设备。它也可以应用于公司业务所租用的车辆。Basic rules for safe operation 安全驾驶的基本原则Avoid effects of fatigue . it is recognized that driver fatigue is a significant factor in accidents. Actions shoukd b
