1、Section Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary(1)Language Pointsstate n.状态；状况；情形；国家；州；邦；政府 vt.(书面或在演讲中)陈述；表明(教材 P2)Antarctica holds 90% of the worlds ice，and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state，of course.南极洲拥有世界上 90%的冰，当然其大部分的淡水(70%)都处于冰冻状态。(1)in a state of/in a. state 处于的状态in state 正式
2、地；隆重地be in/get into a state 处于/陷入激动或紧张的情绪中(2)statement n. 声明；陈述The old town built in 1796 is still in a good state.建于 1796 年的这座古塔现在仍然完好。The police asked me to make a statement (state)警方要求我写一份供述。adapt v.(使)适应；(使)适合；改编；改写(教材 P2)Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife，which has adapted to its extreme condit
3、ions.但南极洲仍然栖息着很多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。(1)adapt to 适应(2)adapt oneself to sth. 使自己适应或习惯于某事adapt sth.for sth. 把改编为adapt from 根据改编或改写(3)adaptation n. 适应；改写本(4)adaptable adj. 能适应的，可修改的She adapted herself quickly to the new climate.她很快地适应了这种新气候。This film was adapted (adapt) from a novel written by a famou
4、s writer.这部电影是根据一位著名作家写的一部小说改编的。The author is going to adapt his play for television.作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。 be made up of 由组成(教材 P2)The rest of the plants are made up of mosses，algae and lichen.其他的植物也就是一些苔藓、海藻以及地衣。be made from. 由制成(从制成物中看不出原材料 )be made of. 由制成(从制成物中可看出原材料 )be made in. 在某地生产(制造 )be made int
5、o. 把制成The desk is made of wood.这张桌子是用木头做的。The shoes my father bought for me in America turned out to have been made in China.我爸爸在美国给我买的鞋后来发现是中国造的。Glass can be made into many kinds of beautiful things.玻璃能制成许多种漂亮的物品。trap vt.储存，留存；使陷入困境；设圈套 n. 圈套；陷阱；困境(教材 P2)Gases and minerals，in the form of volcanic d
6、ust trapped in the ice，can tell us a lot about what the worlds climate was like in past ages.这些以火山灰的形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。(1)lay/set a trap 设圈套fall into a trap 落入圈套(2)be trapped in 陷入(困境)(3)trap sb.into(doing) sth. 设圈套诱使某人做某事She was trapped in the burning house.她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。The two me
7、n trapped (trap) in the buring car were in danger.被困在着火的车里的那两个人有危险。I was trapped into telling(tell) the police all I knew.我中计了，把所知道的一切全都告诉了警察。balance vt.使平衡；权衡 n. 天平；平衡(教材 P3)But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced
8、the land in the north.但是两千多年以前，古希腊的地理学家就相信地球南边会存在一大块陆地来与北边的陆地保持平衡。(1)keep natures balance 保持自然界的平衡keep ones balance 保持平衡lose ones balance 失去平衡(2)balance against 与进行权衡balance sth.on sth. 通过某物使某物保持平衡(3)balanced adj. 平稳的，安定的，和谐的keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食The girl lost her balance and fell off the bala
9、nce beam.小女孩失去了平衡，从平衡木上摔了下来。We should have a healthy and balanced(balance) diet.我们应该有健康和均衡的饮食。You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.你必须权衡于住在大城市的利与弊。.语境填词1As a famous ，Columbus the South Pacific and his made Oceania known to the world.(explore)2The hunte
10、rs often set some in the forest，so many animals will in them.(trap)3The author the novel for radio last year，but I think the did not capture the spirit of the novel.(adapt)4On you should have a diet.(balance) 【导学号：62192000】5I was impressed at the of her knowledge.(deep)【答案】 1.explorer ；explored；expl
11、oration 2traps ；be trapped 3.adapted；adaptation 4.balance；balanced 5.deeply；depth.选词填空set foot on，on average，in particular，stand out，be made up of，adapt to，close to， in the form of1Her red hair made her quite in the crowd.2The new students are very slow to the rules.3They work 10 hours a day 4No man
12、 has ever that rocky island.5What places do you want to see ？【答案】 1.stand out 2.adapt to 3.on average 4.set foot on 5.in particular(教材 P2)Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land.直到 18 世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯 库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。【句式
13、分析】 这是一个倒装句，其正常语序为：The British explorer James Cook didnt cross the Antarctic Circle until the late 18th century, but he never saw land.在 not.until 句型中，当 not until 引导的时间状语(从句)置于句首时，主句须用部分倒装，即将助动词/系动词/情态动词放在主语之前。(1)not.until/till. “直到才”该句型通常与非延续性动词连用，强调主句所发出的动作或情景一直到 until/till 所表示的时间才发生。(2)until/till
14、 用于肯定句中，主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，表示这一动作或状态一直延续到 until/till 所表示的时间为止。(3)not.until 的强调句型： It is/was not until.that.Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.直到他经历了真正的困难，他才意识到我们对家人的爱的重要性。He watched TV until/till midnight last night.他昨晚看电视一直看到半夜。I had n
15、ot realized the thing was so serious until/till he told me about it.It was not until he told me about it that I realized this thing was serious.(改为强调句)直到他告诉我，我才意识到这件事有多么严重。完成句子1那人在街上走着，胳膊下夹着一本书。The man was walking in the street， 2由于不知道她的地址，我们没法和她联系。 【导学号：62192001】，we couldnt get in touch with her.3直
16、到妈妈回来她才睡觉。Not until her mother came back 【答案】 1.with a book under his arm 2.Not knowing her address 3.did she go to bedGases and minerals，in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice，can tell us a lot about what the worlds climate was like in past ages.【分析】 in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice 是一个介词短语作定语，修饰 gases and minerals，可以把它改成一句非限制性定语从句：which are in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice.trapped in the ice 是ed 形式作定语的情况，修饰 volcanic dust。what the worlds climate was like in past ages 作介词about 的宾语。【翻译】这些以火山灰的形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。
