1、Unit 4 Pygmalion导语 皮格马利翁效应指的是人的情感和观念会不同程度地受到别人下意识的影响。人们会不自觉地接受自己喜欢、钦佩、信任和崇拜的人的影响和暗示。而这种暗示，正是让你梦想成真的基石之一。Pygmalion EffectA team can do as well as you and the team think they can.This idea is known as“the selffulfilling prophecy”When you believe the team can perform well，in some strange and magical wa
2、y they can.And similarly, when you believe they cant perform well, they cant.The selffulfilling prophecy is also known as the Pygmalion Effect.This comes from a story by Ovid about Pygmalion, who created an ivory statue of his ideal woman.And he immediately fell in love with it.He begged the goddess
3、 to breathe life into the statue and make her his own.She granted Pygmalion his wish, the statue came to life and the couple married and lived happily ever after.The story was also the basis of George Bernard Shaws play “Pygmalion”In Shaws play, Professor Henry Higgins claims he can turn a Cockney f
4、lower girl, Eliza Doolittle, into a duchess.But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins friend Pickering，it isnt what she learns or does that determines whether she will become a duchess，but how shes treated.“You see，really and truly, apart from the things anyone can pick up, the difference between
5、a lady and a flower girl is not how she behaves but how shes treated.I shall always be a flower girl to Professor Higgins, because he always treats me as a flower girl, and always will, but I know I can be a lady to you because you always treat me as a lady，and always will.”The implication of the Py
6、gmalion Effect for leaders and managers is massive.It means that the performance of your team depends less on them than it does on you.The performance you get from people is no more or less than what you expect: which means you must always expect the best.As Goethe said， “Treat a man as he is and he
7、 will remain as he is.Treat a man as he can and should be and he will become as he can and should be.”词海拾贝1prophecy n预言2implication n运用3massive adj.巨大的问题思考判断正(T) 误(F)。1George Bernard Shaws play “Pygmalion” is based on the story about Pygmalion.( )2Pygmalion Effect can be used in many aspects.( )答案：1
8、.T 2.T.为单词选择正确的释义1professor A腰；腰部；腰围2thief B长袜3ambassador C抢劫；盗窃；剥夺4authentic D奶油；面霜5rob E妥协；折中6stocking F大使，使节7cream G教授8waist H小偷；贼9disgusting I令人反感的；令人厌恶的10compromise J真实的；真正的；可信的；可靠的答案：1G 2H 3F 4J 5C 6B 7D 8A 9I 10 E.根据所给汉语提示写出单词1_ n适应 (性)；改编本2_ adj.经典的；第一流的 n经典著作3_ n情节；阴谋4_ vi.吹口哨；发出汽笛声 n口哨声；汽笛
9、声5_ adj.毛纺的；纯毛的6_ adj.不舒服的；不安的；不自在的7_ n皮夹；钱包8_ adj.光辉灿烂的；杰出的；才华横溢的9_ vt.显露出(本来面目)；背叛10_ adj.(位置或地位)较高的；级别较高的11_ adv.适当地；恰当地12_ n一把；少量13_ n身份；地位；职位14_ adj.优秀的；较高的；上级的 n上级；长官15_ adj.破旧的；寒酸的16_ adj.可怕的；恐怖的17_ vt.俯视；忽视；不理会18_ vi. a play or film that uses singing and dancing in the story13_：(sports) the
10、chief official (such as in boxing or American football) who is expected to ensure fair play14_：a business or place where you send clothes，sheets，etc for washing and ironing15_：weep or cry with short quick breaths16_：the set of letters used in writing any language， especially when arranged in order答案
11、：1.mistaken 2.classify 3.remark 4.condemn5acquaintance 6.fortune 7.hesitate 8.outcome9troublesome 10.extraordinary 11.antique12musical 13.referee 14.laundry 15.sob16alphabet.选用正确短语的适当形式完成句子make ones acquaintance；generally speaking；in terms of；in need of；fade out ；once more；show in1_ money，hes quite
12、rich， but not in terms of happiness.2_，giving is more pleasant than taking.3I _ through a friends introduction at a party and we fell in love with each other soon.4The crowds had all gone home and the street was quiet _5They made every effort to save the crops _ water on this dry land.6The idea seem
13、ed to _ and the club was never formed.7The host and hostess _ their guests _ the party room.答案：1.In terms of 2.Generally speaking3made his/her acquaintance 4.once more5in need of 6.fade out 7.showed in课文表层理解.判断正(T)误(F)1Eliza greeted to the gentleman in order to beg some money from him.( )2Eliza bega
14、n to cry because she thought Professor Higgins would arrest him.( )3Professor Higgins believed that he could judge a person by his manners.( )4From the text，we can infer that Professor Higgins is a man who is greedy.( )答案：1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F.读课文，完成表格Character Positionin society Evidence in the playEliza
15、Doolittle Lower classBehavior：be 1._ to people of high class.Language：calls gentleman 2_ and “cap in”，which is a 3._.ColonelPickering 4._classBehavior：5._ to lower class；polite to the same or upper class.Language：prepared to begin a 6._ with Henry，whom he does not know；7._ praise to him.ProfessorHig
16、gins Upper classBehavior：generally 8._and polite；but 9._ Eliza.Language：calls Eliza “10._” and Pickering“my dear man”(an equal and friend).答案：1.respectful 2.sir pliment 4.Middle5rude 6.conversation 7.generous with8confident 9.ignores 10.you silly girl课文深层理解.阅读 P2930 的 Reading 部分，选择最佳答案1What was the
17、girls spoken English like?AShe spoke standard English.B She didnt speak standard English.CShe spoke official English.2Why did the girl begin to cry?AShe thought that the man might be a policeman.B She felt hungry but she had nothing to eat.CShe was wet in the rain.3What did Higgins take down on his
18、notebook?AHe wrote down what the girl said.B He wanted to tell the police what he had seen.CHe took down the weather.4Where was the girl from?AShe was from the west end of Wales.B She was from the west end of Scotland.CShe was from the west end of London.5Once educated to speak properly，the girl can
19、 do the following things EXCEPT_Aacting as a duchessB going on selling flowersCworking as a shop assistant答案：1.B 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.B.领会下列句子所用的句型并尝试译成汉语1Do you know the story? If not，look at the pictures and the captions below them and try to work out the story and tell it to your partner._2What if I was
20、?_3Generally speaking，people are more polite to those who they think are of a higher social class._4But，sir，(proudly) once educated to speak properly，that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassadors garden party._答案：1你知道这个故事吗？如果不知道，请看图画和图画下面的说明，然后尽量想出这个故事，说给你的伙伴( 听听) 。
21、2如果我是又怎么样呢？3一般来说，人们对那些他们认为属于较高社会阶层的人更礼貌一些。4不过，先生，(高傲地)一旦有人教她把英语说好了，那个女孩就可以在三个月以内冒充公爵夫人出席大使主办的花园晚会了。.课文缩写Act One of Pygmalion tells us how the main characters of this play， Eliza Doolittle，Professor Higgins and Colonel Pickering had their 1._ meetings while 2._ from a heavy rain outside a theatre in
22、London，England in 1914.Eliza Doolittle was a poor flower girl.When she tried to sell her flowers to a gentleman，her 3._ English caught Professor Higgins attention.Professor Higgins，an expert in 4._，could place a person by his/her remarks.He convinced that the 5._ of a persons English decides his/her
23、 social position.In his opinion，once educated to speak 6._，Eliza Doolittle could pass herself off in three months as a 7._ at an ambassadors garden party and perhaps she could even work as 8._ or a shop assistant.Colonel Pickering，an officer in the army，who had studied many 9._ dialects himself，came
24、 to England to make the 10._ of Professor Higgins.答案：1.fateful 2.sheltering/hiding 3.terrible4phonetics 5.quality 6.properly 7.duchess8a ladys maid 9.Indian 10.acquaintance如何写日记日记就是把自己一天生活、工作或学习中的所见、所闻、所做、所感用文字记录下来。日记或周记写法非常简单，第一行顶格开始写月、日、星期，第一行末尾写天气情况，第二行起即为正文，格式与书信一致。日记多用过去时态，以第一人称行文，内容可详可略。一般来说，记
25、录下来当日发生的事即可，最好再写点自己的看法或感受。日记一般要求写清日期及天气。如要强调写日记的地点，则可将地点写在日期的后面。总之，要抓住要点，意思清楚，表达流畅，人称多用第一人称I 或 we，时态则用过去时、现在完成时或用一般现在时。正文一般直接切入主题。写作积累(一) 话题词汇表达天气的词汇：clear/fine/sunny 晴天的rainy 下雨的snowy 下雪的windy 有风的cloudy 多云的overcast 阴天的表达心情的词汇：blue/down/depressed 忧郁的，情绪低落的sorry/sad 难过的happy 高兴的excited 兴奋的lighthearte
26、d 心情欢快的heavyhearted 心情沉重的bored 无聊的mad/angry 生气的，恼怒的desperate 绝望的surprised 惊奇的troubled/bothered 困扰的exhausted/tired 疲劳的confused 迷惑的afraid/frightened 害怕的optimistic 乐观的(二) 常用句式1Today my friends and I went to.2This trip impressed me deeply.3It was an unforgettable day in my life.4We are proud to make con
27、tributions to our society.5I will never forget what happened on that day.假定你是李华。请根据写作要点用英语写一篇周记，记述你周末帮助家人做家务的一次经历。写作要点：1做家务的理由；2做家务的过程；3你的感受。注意：1.词数不少于 100；2开头部分已写好，不计入总词数；3不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。October 14th，2018，SundaySunnyI am an 18 yearold middle school student._范文点评范文 点评October 14th，2018，SundaySunnyI am
28、 an 18 yearold middle school student.I have been busy with my 开门见山，直入主题。 “I have been busy with my study and seldom help my parents with the study and seldom help my parents with the housework.Feeling quite sorry for that，I begin to think about what to do to help them.Last Sunday，when my parents wen
29、t out， I suddenly got an ideawhy not give the rooms a thorough cleaning？Firstly， I collected all the books，newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture. After that，I swept and mopped the floor.At this very moment，my parents came
30、 back and were quite surprised to see all the rooms tidy and floors shining.My mother gave me a hug and I could see satisfaction in her eyes.Tired as I was，I never felt so happy.housework.”紧承第一句话，切入准确，自然引入正题我整天忙于学习，很少帮助父母做家务。现在分词短语作状语，表示原因，增加了文章亮点。Firstly 一词使用准确。Then 表示接着“擦家具” ，顺序明了。After that 使文章结构
31、连接紧凑，过渡自然。Tired as I was 倒装句的使用，体现了作者驾驭语言的能力，增加“高分”元素假如你是一名中学生，今天放假出去玩，巧遇几个外国大学生来你的城市旅游。请写一篇日记，记录你志愿为他们指路，陪他们游玩的过程以及你的感受。注意：1.词数：100 左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。October 1st，2018，SundaySunny_答案：One possible version：October 1st，2018，SundaysunnyThis morning I planned to go shopping.On my way there，I was singing
32、 and jumping.Suddenly，some foreigners appeared and asked me how they could go to Wanda Plaza.After I told them how to go there，they felt a little puzzled.So I decided to be a volunteer.When we passed by some beautiful buildings，I introduced them.As a result，they felt very happy.After we arrived ther
33、e，I showed them some Chinese arts and crafts，such as papercut.They were glad to buy them and thanked me.When I went home I felt tired but happy，because I helped others and let them know about China further.A 级 基础过关.单句语法填空在句中空白处填上适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1He is such a person_(betray) his country for m
34、oney.2He made a _(fortunate) by selling fried chicken in the market.3The dictionary is_no use.I dont want to buy it.4The chair is so hard that it feels_(comfort) to sit on.5They bought up pieces of old furniture and passed off them_valuable antiques.6Poor education condemned young people_low paid jo
35、bs.7He never hesitated_(accept) the invitation to stay with us.8I was mistaken about it.I thought you were responsible and thats_I scolded you.Please forgive me.9Im afraid I cant find anything_value in the book.10Beethoven is my favourite musician.I regard him as superior_other musicians.答案：1.betray
36、ing 2.fortune 3.of 4.uncomfortable5as 6.to 7.to accept 8.why 9.of 10.to.话题微写作将下列句子翻译成英语并连成一段意义完整、语言流畅的小短文(80 词左右 )。1我是在街上结识他的。(make ones acquaintance)2他说他急需用钱，想向我借 2 000 元钱。(in need of)3一般来说，刚刚认识就向对方借钱是不礼貌的。(generally speaking)4在钱的方面，我一点儿也不富裕。(in terms of)5因此，我犹豫了，心想他要是个骗子那该怎么办呢。(hesitate； what if)6
37、他接着说有个人冒充他妻子的一个朋友骗了他所有的钱。(pass.off as.)7这才使他沦落到这个地步。(condemn)8听到这儿，我觉得误解他了。(mistaken)9但我采取了折中的办法，给了他 1 000 元。(compromise)10回到家，妻子对我今天所做的事未做任何评论。(remark)_答案：I made his acquaintance in the street and he said he was in great need of money and wanted to borrow 2，000 yuan from me.Generally speaking，it is
38、 impolite to ask for money on first acquaintance.Besides， Im not rich at all in terms of money，so I hesitated， wondering what if he was a liar.He added that one person passed off as one of his wifes friends and cheated him into giving her all his money，which condemned him to this point.Hearing this，
39、I felt I was mistaken about him.But I made a compromise on the amount of money he asked and gave him 1，000 yuan.My wife made no remark on what I did today when I got home.B 级 能力提升.阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B 、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。Success is often measured by the ability to overcome adversity.But it is often
40、 the belief of others that gives us the courage to try.JK.Rowling, author of the Harry Potter book series, began writing at age 6.In her biography, she remembers with great fondness when her good friendSean became the first person to encourage her and help her build the confidence that one day she w
41、ould be a very good writer.“He was the first person with whom I really discussed my serious ambition to be a writer.He was also the only person who thought I was bound to be a success at it, which meant much more to me than I ever told him at the time.”Though there were many difficulties, Rowling co
42、ntinued her writing, particularly fantasy stories.But it wasnt until 1990 that she first came up with the idea about Harry Potter.As she recalls, it was on a long train journey from London to Manchester that the idea of Harry Potter simply fell into my head.To my great disappointment, I didnt have a pen with me, and I was too shy to ask anybody if I could borrow one.I think, now, that this was probably a good thing, because I simply sat and thought, for four (delayed
