1、高考题型规范练(二十四)高考题型规范练第 94 页 选修 8 Module 5:阅读理解专项练.阅读理解(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 30 分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AShopping is one of the best ways to relax after a stressful week.Nothing is more satisfying than finding a perfect itemand when Im bored with shopping for clothes I move on to make-up a
2、nd shoes.I never shop in salesthe reason the items havent sold at full price is usually because they are badly made or horrible colours.BlancaI hate shopping and it bores me enormously.I really cannot understand such a useless and expensive habit.I only shop for clothes when I cant get out of it and
3、 when I do,I make sure I buy good quality and as much as I can afford,to put off having to go again for as long as possible.I have friends who will spend a whole day going from shop to shop trying on lots of different clothes and not buying anything.Thats really stupid.PamI cant see the point in spe
4、nding a lot of money on clothes,when they are so much cheaper abroad.I do most of my shopping when I go on holiday,and get great clothes for half the price.I love finding bargains!I also buy a lot in sales.The clothes may be out of fashion a bit,but theyre of good quality,and if you wait long enough
5、,they come back into fashion!MeghanI personally still spend half of my wage on clothes.I usually only wear something three times before I throw it in the back of my wardrobe (衣橱).I never wear a party dress more than once.If I lost my job and couldnt afford to buy lots of clothes,I would never be abl
6、e to go out of the house again.Shelly【语篇导读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个人对购物的不同看法。1.What does Pam focus on when shopping for clothes?A.Price. B.Brand.C.Pattern. D.Quality.答案 D解析 细节理解题。由第二部分的“when I do,I make sure I buy good quality”可知,讨厌购物的 Pam 买衣服更注重质量。2.Who is a bargain hunter?A.Blanca. B.Pam.C.Meghan. D.Shelly.
7、答案 C解析 细节理解题。由第三部分的“I love finding bargains!I also buy a lot in sales.”可知,Meghan 是个专拣便宜货的购物者。3.Which of the following can best describe Shelly?A.She has no taste for clothes.B.She is addicted to shopping.C.She is always leading the fashion.D.She goes shopping only when necessary.答案 B解析 推理判断题。由最后一部分
8、Shelly 描述自己“I personally still spend half of my wage on clothes.If I lost my job and couldnt afford to buy lots of clothes,I would never be able to go out of the house again.”可知 ,Shelly 是个购物狂。BBorn in Cyrene (which is now Shahhat,Libya),Eratosthenes (276 BCE195 BCE) spent his time studying a wide va
9、riety of subjects under a lot of teachers,including the Greek poet Callimachus.After leaving Callimachus,he spent the next several years studying in Athens,where he furthered his knowledge of the world around him.Eratosthenes was known as having a great deal of knowledge in a great number of differe
10、nt fields of study,but not doing the best in any one of them.He did work in astronomy,mathematics,geography,history,and poetry,and also worked as a theatre critic in his spare time.He became known by the name “Beta” (the second letter of the Greek alphabet) because it was told that he was “second be
11、st in the world at everything”.Eratosthenes would go on to become director of the Great Library for over four decades,from 245 BCE to just before the beginning of the second century BCE.Eratosthenes is most famous for a measurement that he made,for he was the first to measure the size of the earth t
12、hrough direct means.He performed a simple experiment and used basic mathematics to find the size of our home planet.The circumference (圆周) of the earth,he determined,was about 39,250 km (24,390 miles)the real distance is 40,075 km (24,901 miles)!And lets not forget that he didnt have the fancy instr
13、uments that geographers have today.Famous for his studies of the earth,he is often called the “Father of Geography”.In a now-lost work titled Geographika ,the contents of which are known because of references (参考) from following books still in existence,he took a global view of the world.With its ti
14、tle,he invented a new wordgeography.In his book,he divided the planet into climate zones and listed the names and locations of 400 cities.Setting aside mythological and traditional views of lands,he used written descriptions of wars and observations by travelers to try to find distances between plac
15、es.【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。文章介绍了古希腊科学家埃拉托色尼,他曾经较为准确地推算出了地球的周长。4.Why was Eratosthenes given the name “Beta”?A.Because he loved the letter best.B.Because he was a very modest person.C.Because he often used the letter in his works.D.Because he knew quite a lot but not the most.答案 D解析 细节理解题。由第二段中的“not doing the be
16、st in any one of them”和“known by the name Beta.because it was told that he was second best in the world at everything”可知,埃拉托色尼被称作 Beta 是因为他虽知识广博但却没有一门学科是最精通的。5.What did Eratosthenes do for most of his life?A.He was a poet. B.He was a teacher.C.He was a librarian. D.He was an engineer.答案 C解析 细节理解题。由第
17、二段中的“Eratosthenes would go on to become director of the Great Library for over four decades”可知,埃拉托色尼一生大部分时间都在管理图书。6.What kind of feeling does the author express in Paragraph 3?A.Admiration. B.Sympathy.C.Worry. D.Doubt.答案 A解析 推理判断题。第三段介绍了埃拉托色尼没有精确仪器但却测量出了与真实的圆周相差并不多的数值,故作者在此段表达了对埃拉托色尼的敬佩之情。7.What can
18、 we learn about Eratosthenes Geographika ?A. He told a lot of myths in it.B.He tried to use facts as its basis.C.It was based on a lot of old books.D.It was written as a geography textbook.答案 B解析 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“he used written descriptions of wars and observations by travelers to try to find distance
19、s between places”可知,埃拉托色尼撰写地理学概论的时候,努力以事实为基础。CIn beautiful rural Montana can be found the town of Livingston.Around half the students in the Livingston School District qualify for free or reduced-price lunches,according to local educator Rachael Jones,known as “Farmer Jones.” She is the director of
20、the Livingston Farm to School program,which uses the districts two greenhouses and four gardens to grow food that supplements school meals while offering kids hands-on lessons.Jones said,“In many places around the country,if you cant pay for your school meal,you dont eat.Well,here,we dont turn anyon
21、e away.”The towns school district and community members started the program eight years ago.Its part of the National Farm to School Network,which aims to increase access to local food and nutrition education across the country.Jones,who attended public school in Livingston as a kid,has headed up the
22、 local program since 2014.Farm to School enriches curriculum in all of the schools through garden lessons,cafeteria and kitchen lessons,and classroom lessons.Research has shown that healthy school meals can enhance academic performance,including improved test scores.Though the Farm to School program
23、 is not aimed solely at lower-income students,Jones said such kids are more likely to eat lunch provided by the school.Eventually she wants to get healthy,affordable meals on the plates of every child in Livingston.It is important for kids to understand where their food comes from.Thats a life-chang
24、ing experience for them.Jones said,“When I grew up a big force in my life was my grandma Ethel.She taught me from a really early age the value of growing your own food.I worked in her gardens with her,and somehow,through all of those experienceseating her tomatoes and canning pickles with herit real
25、ly built up my trust and knowledge in food systems.Im so thankful for her!”【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国蒙大拿州利文斯顿小镇的农场入校项目。该项目既解决了贫困学生的伙食问题,又给学生们提供了亲近自然、了解自然的机会。8.Who is “Farmer Jones” according to the text?A.A local farmer.B.A school president.C.A teacher in a local school.D.A student in a local school.答案 C解
26、析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“local educator Rachael Jones” 可知,Jones 是一名当地的老师。9.Why is the Livingston Farm to School program set?A.To offer students food and lessons.B.To help local farmers make a living.C.To provide part-time jobs for students.D.To improve local environmental protection.答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“to g
27、row food that supplements school meals while offering kids hands-on lessons”和第二段中的 “which aims to increase access to local food and nutrition education across the country”可知,该项目旨在为学生提供食物和课程。10.What can we know from Paragraph 3?A.The program was short of money.B.Students were facing health problems.C
28、.The program offered all students free meals.D.Students performed better in their studies than before.答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“healthy school meals can enhance academic performance,including improved test scores”可知,学生们的学业进步了。11.What makes Jones so confident in food system?A.Her grandmas suggestions.B.He
29、r childhood experiences.C.Her college education.D.Her healthy lifestyle.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中 Jones 说的话可知,Jones 对该农场入校项目的信心来源于自己童年时期与祖母一起在院子里种植农作物的经历。DAt the turn of the 20th century,Mary Anderson made history by inventing automobile windshield wipers (挡风玻璃雨刷器 ).In 1902,while riding a trolley bus in
30、New York City,she couldnt help noticing that the driver had to continually stop in order to wipe snow and ice from the windshield.Anderson thought that there had to be a better way.In 1903,she invented a swinging arm with a rubber blade(刮片) that swung back and forth,removing rain and snow from the w
31、indshield surface.Andersons model was different from todays models,though,because it was hand-activated by a lever(控制杆 ) from inside the car.Similar devices had been attempted in the past,but Andersons was the first to work and the first to be successfully patented.Interestingly,she could not sell t
32、he rights to her invention.A Canadian company told her that drivers would find the movement of the arm too distracting.So even though Andersons windshield wipers became standard in cars after 1915,her invention did not make her much money.Anderson was not the only female inventor of her time.In fact
33、,women have been responsible for many practical inventions.Josephine Cochran,for example,declared,“If nobody else is going to invent a dishwashing machine,I will.” After receiving a patent on December 28,1886,she presented her working dishwasher at the 1893 Worlds Fair.At first not a huge success,th
34、e machine was used only by hotels and large restaurants.Household dishwashers did not become popular until the 1950s.Historically,women have held a minority of patents.In early U.S.history,social and legal barriers often discouraged women from patenting inventions.In Anderson and Cochrans time,women
35、 lacked the same legal rights as men,which forced many women to patent their inventions under their husbands or fathers names.It is unfortunate that the genius behind each of these inventions was not always rewarded or recognized,because these women helped to create the efficient world we take for g
36、ranted today.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了汽车挡风玻璃自动雨刷器的发明者 Mary Anderson 以及洗碗机的发明者 Josephine Cochran。12.Whats a feature of Andersons invention?A.It depended on electricity.B.It had to be controlled by hand.C.It was placed inside the car.D.It couldnt be used in the winter.答案 B解析 细节理解题。由第二段中的“it was hand-activate
37、d by a lever from inside the car”和“the movement of the arm too distracting”可知 ,Anderson 发明的汽车挡风玻璃雨刷器需要手动操作。13.What do we know about Anderson and Cochran?A.Both patented their inventions under others names.B.Both sold their inventions to Canadian companies.C.Both became very wealthy because of their
38、inventions.D.Both their inventions received a cold welcome at first.答案 D解析 推理判断题。由第二段可知,Anderson 虽然成功获得其发明的专利权,但却没权利售卖,故她没有因此而富有;再由第三段可知 ,Cochran 于 1886 年获得专利的发明洗碗机出现在 1893 年世界博览会上,但起初并不成功,过了半个多世纪后才变得家喻户晓。由此推断,这两位女发明家的发明起初并不被世人接受。14.Whats the authors attitude towards inventors like Anderson and Coch
39、ran?A.Surprised and hopeful.B.Curious but distrustful.C.Grateful but sympathetic.D.Critical and disappointed.答案 C解析 推理判断题。由文章末句可知,作者感激诸如 Anderson 和 Cochran 一样的女性发明家,因为她们的发明改变了世界,但又为她们没有获奖或得到世人的认可而表示同情。15.What would be the best title for the text?A.Women in HistoryB.Standards of InventionsC.Invention
40、s That Break BarriersD.Inventors Who Created the World答案 C解析 主旨大意题。由最后一段可知,历史上获得专利权的女性少之又少,因为那时诸多障碍阻止了女性获得专利权,她们缺乏和男性一样的权利,但 Anderson 和 Cochran 的专利发明却打破了这些障碍。C 项中 break barriers 更精准地总结了出自女性之手的发明打破了世界对女性的偏见。.七选五(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 10 分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Self-esteem means feeling
41、 good about yourself.You can do things to feel better about yourself.Here are some tips to raise your self-esteem:Be with people who treat you well.Some people act in ways that tear you down.Others lift you up by what they say and do.Learn to tell the difference.Choose friends who help you feel OK a
42、bout yourself.Find people you can be yourself with. 16 . Accept whats not perfect.Its always good to do the best you can. 17 ,you cant feel good about anything less.Accept your best.Let yourself feel good about that.Ask for help if you cant get past a need to be perfect. Focus on what goes well.Are
43、you so used to talking about problems that theyre all you see?Its easy to get caught up in whats wrong. 18 ,it just makes you feel bad.Next time,catch yourself when you complain about yourself or your day.Find something that went well instead. Give and help. 19 .Tutor a classmate,help clean up your
44、neighborhood,walk for a good cause.Help out at home or at school.Make it a habit to be kind and fair.Do things that make you proud of the kind of person you are.When you do things that make a difference your self-esteem will grow. Set goals and work toward them.If you want to feel good about yoursel
45、f,do things that are good for you.Maybe you want to eat a healthier diet,get more fit,or study better. 20 .Then make a plan for how to do it.Stick with your plan.Track your progress. A.Make a goalB.Say helpful things to yourselfC.Be that type of friend for othersD.But when you think you need to be p
46、erfectE.But unless you balance it with whats goodF.When you focus on whats good about yourselfG.Giving is one of the best ways to build self-esteem答案与解析【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了自尊的定义并给出了关于提高自尊心的几条建议。16.C 根据本段主题句可知,本段建议和那些对你好的人待在一起,应该找那些让你成为真正自我的朋友们。而你也要成为别人这样的朋友。故选 C 项。17.D 根据本段主题句可知, 本段主要建议接受不可能完美的事实。但如果你事事需要完美,那只能是自找没趣。关键词 perfect 也是暗示。故选 D 项。18.E 根据后半句“it just makes you feel bad”可知,E 项“如果不能平衡两者关系”符合语境。19.G 根据本段主题句“Give and help.”很容易找到 G 项话题符合语境。关键词 give 是答案提示。20.A 本段主要建议设立目标。所以 A 项 Make a goal 符合本段话题,也和后一句“Then make a plan for how to do it.”语境一致。
