1、考向预测名词性从句是英语中比较复杂的结构，既涉及词汇的用法，也涉及句法结构，是整个高中阶段英语学习的重点和难点之一。在学习名词性从句时，应注意从以下几个方面入手：一、要熟悉句子的各种成分，尤其是主语、宾语、表语、同位语的特点。二、要掌握引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词的分类及用法，以及 that，if，whether 的用法区别。三、要注意名词性从句中的特殊情况，例如：that 的省略，语序问题，时态问题，语气问题。四、要注意疑问连接词 what，when，where 等引导名词性从句不表示疑问的情况。五、要注意 whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，whe
2、rever 等引导从句的用法。特别需要注意的是要掌握 it 替代从句的用法。知识与技巧的梳理名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状 语从句的辨析等。高考对名词性从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力，特别是将名词性从句与强调句、定语从句、状语从句等结合起来考查。考点 1 主语从句引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词 that，whet
3、her; 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever；连接副词 when, where, why, how 等。1.连接词 that， whether 引导That the college will take in more new students this year is true.今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance.他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。特别提示(1)if
4、 不能引导主语从句。(2)形式主语 it 替代主语从句。常见的 it 替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：AIt+系动词+形容词+that 从句。如：专题十 名词性从句It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。BIt+ 系动词 +名词+that 从句。如：It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。C. It + be + v.ed 形式+that 从句。如：It is announ
5、ced that the plan has been successfully carried out.据宣布计划已经顺利实施。2.连接代词引导What we cant get seems better than what we already have.我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。Who the letter was from is still unknown这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。3.连接副词引导How acupuncture reduc
6、es and relieves pain is unclear针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。Why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。【典例】Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever【答案】C【解析】题目考查主语从句。helps 是谓语， “_ you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句。在主语从句中，do 后缺少宾语，
7、表示“任何事情”，因此用 whatever 引导，故选 C。考点 2 宾语从句引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词 that，whether, if 等，连接代词 what, whose, who, whatever, whichever, whoever 等，连接副词 when, where, why, how 等。1.连接词 that, whether, if 引导I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help.我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。I dont know if/whether he still lives here a
8、fter so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。特别提示1.whether/if 都意为 “是否”。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用 if，但以下情况中，只能用 whether。(1)与 or not 紧接连用时。如：Let me know whether or not you can come请让我知道你是否能来。(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如：We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。2.连接代词和连接副词引导。连接代词有 what，who, whose, what
9、ever, whichever, whoever 等，连接副词有when, where, why, how 等。如：She asked me whose handwriting was the best in class.她问我班上谁的书法最好。Ill just say whatever comes into my mind.我想到什么就说什么。Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗？Ive been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more
10、 interesting我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更有趣。3宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me when we could set out the next day他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?4宾语从句的时态(1)当主语的谓语动词是一般现在时，其宾语从句的时态是任何适当的时态。如：She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday.她说她周一至周五上班。 （从句是一般现在时）She says(that)she w
11、ill leave a message on his desk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。 （从句是一般将来时）She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon他说昨天下午没有课。( 从句是一般过去时)He said that he was going to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。
12、 （从句时过去将来时）He said that they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会。 （从句是过去进行时）（3）当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it。老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound他说光比声音传播得快。【典例】We choose this hotel
13、 because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge.A. that B. which C. what D. how【答案】C 【解析】考查宾语从句。half of _ it used to charge是$20 的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20。另外，of 后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语。所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的 charge 后面缺少宾语，所以用 what 来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句的宾语，故选 C。考点 3 表语从句常用连接词 that, whether;连接代
14、词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever;连接副词 when, where, how, why 引导。1.连接词引导The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed.他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。The question remains whether they will be able to help us问题还是他们能否帮我们。2连接代词和连接副词引导The problem is who will take charge o
15、f this shop问题是谁将接管这家店铺。That is when I realized the importance of journalism那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。特别提示（1）as/as if/as though 引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词的后面，如：seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel 等。如：It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听上去好像有人在敲门。At that time, it seemed as though I couldnt think of the righ
16、t word.当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。（2）当主句的主语是 reason 时，表语从句一般由 that 引导，这种用法常见于句型 The reason whyis that.如：The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他来得晚是因为起床晚了。【典例】The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A. what B. that C. whether D. why【答案】B【解析】句意：雨季最令人愉
17、悦的就是人们可以完完全全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is 后跟从句作表语，即表语从句。表语从句不缺少主语，谓语和宾语，因此用 that, that 只起引导作用，故选 B。考点 4 同位语从句同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有 idea，fact，news，hope，belief ，thought，doubt ， promise，suggestion，order 等。1通常用连词 that 引导同位语从句，that 无词义，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如：They expressed the hope that we
18、would go and visit Shanghai again他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。I have no idea that she quit her present job.我不知道她辞掉了现在的工作。Given me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.你答应我，今天晚上会来参加我们的聚会。2.同位语从句还可以用 whether, when, where, why, how 等引导，如：The student ask me the question whether the book was worth
19、 reading.学生问了我这个问题：这本书是否值得一读。I have no idea why he was excited at that time我不知道当时他激动的原因。 【典例】The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.A. whether B. that C. which D. what 【答案】B【解析】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说 suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思
20、都是完整的。用 that 引导，that 不作成分，只是起着连接作用。故选B。限时训练 （45 分钟）经典常规题一、语法填空1.【2018.全国卷】Im not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.【答案】 which【解题思路】考查宾语从句。设空处后出给了范围，在 me 和 the female gorilla 间进行选择，可译为“哪一个”，用 which。2.【2018.浙江卷 11 月】It is possible 63 caffein
21、e may cause birth defects in humans, too.【答案】that【解题思路】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it 为形式主语，that 从句为真正的主语。二、单项填空3.【2018.江苏】21. By boat is the only way to get here, which is we arrived.A. where B. when C. why D. how【答案】D【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意:我们到达那儿的唯一方式是坐船。根据句子中的 by boat 可知从句需要方式状语来引导，故选择 D。4.【2018.天津】9.The
22、 gold medal will be awarded to _ wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever【答案】C【解题思路】考查宾语从句引导词的辨析。根据句子成分划分可知“_ wins the first place in the bicycle race”为介词 to 后面的宾语从句，而在宾语从句中缺少指代人的主语成分，故选 whoever。whomever 不能作从句中的主语，wherever 表示“无论哪里” ，whatever 只能指物，表示“无论什
23、么” 。5.【2018.北京】11.Without his support, we wouldnt be_ we are now.A. how B. when C. where D. why【答案】C【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意为“没有他的支持，我们就不会是我们现在的样子。 ”how 表方式；when表时间；where 表地点；why 表原因。所以选 C。6.【2018.北京】15.This is _ my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. how B. which C. tha
24、t D. what【答案】D【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意为“这就是我的父亲教给我的，面对问题总是要往最好的想。 ”be 动词后面是表语从句，然后根据表语从句做题原则，从句缺少宾语，所以选连接代词 what。7.【2017北京】23. Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever【答案】B【解题思路】A. whatever 任何事；B. whoever 任何人；C. whomever
25、 任何人；D. whichever 无论哪个。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除 A 和 D，因为需要做主语，只能用主格代词 who，故选 B。8.【2017北京】26. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _she was heading.A. why B. where C. how D. when【答案】B【解题思路】句意：Jane 漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语境可知此处表地点，
26、故选 B。9.【2017江苏】26. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge.A. that B. which C. what D. how【答案】C【解题思路】 “half of _ it used to charge”是$20 的同位语，即原来的价格的一半是现在的$20。另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句。宾语从句中的 charge 后面缺少宾语，所以用what 来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句中的宾语。故
27、选 C。10.【2017天津】4. She asked me _ _ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.A. when B. where C. whether D. what【答案】C【解题思路】句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。根据句意，故选 C。 11.【2016北京】24. Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. W
28、herever【答案】C【解题思路】helps 是谓语， “ you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do 后缺少宾语，表示：“任何事情” ，因此 whatever 引导，故选 C。12.【2016北京】29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A. what B. that C. whether D. why【答案】B【解题思路】句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is 后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语，
29、谓语和宾语，因此用 that，that 只起引导作用，故选 B。 13.【2016江苏】21.It is often the case _anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.why B. what C.as D. that【答案】D【解题思路】考查主语从句。本句中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词 that 引导的主语从句，连接词 that在本句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已，不能省略。连接副词 why 要在句中做状语，连接代词 what通常在句中做主语、宾语或表语等；as 通常不引导名词性从句。句意：对于那些心存
30、希望的人一切皆可能是事实。故 D 正确。14.【2016天津】11. The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.A. whether B. that C. which D. what 【答案】B【解题思路】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion 的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用 that 引导，that 不作成分，只是起着连接的作用，故选 B。 高频易错题1. 【江苏省五
31、校 2019 届高三 12 月联考】That preserved historic village connected to downtown by a highway is _ many office workers spend their weekends.Awhat Bhow Cwhere Dwhy【答案】C【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意：那条由高速公路连接市中心的历史悠久的村庄是许多上班族周末的去处。结合句意可知此处是 where 引导的表语从句，故选 C。2 【南京市盐城市 2019 届高三年级第一次模拟】Never turn down a job because you think
32、 its too small. You dont know _ it can lead.Ahow Bwhere Cwhether Dwhat【答案】B【解题思路】考查名词性从句。句意为：不要因为觉得工作太小就拒绝它，你不知道它能引向何方。know 后面接了宾语从句，lead 是不及物动词，后面不缺成分，故用副词引导从句，根据句意，选 B。3 【2019 年江苏省扬州市高三英语期末考试】I am impressed with Chinas commitment to its climate goals, evidenced by the fact we are sure of _ China h
33、as met its 2020 targets three years ahead of schedule.Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhere【答案】A【解题思路】考查同位语从句。句意：中国对气候目标的承诺令我印象深刻，事实证明了这一点，中国提前三年完成了 2020 年的目标。此处为同位语从句，从句成分完整，所以用 that 解释说明 the fact 的内容，只起连接作用，无实义，故 A 项正确。4 【天津市第一中学 2019 届高三上学期第三次月考】Save your apology for you really make everything a mess.Aunless
34、 Bonce Cwhen Dthough【答案】C【解题思路】考查宾语从句。A. unless 除非；B. once 一旦；C. when 当时候；D. though 尽管。句意：把你的道歉留到当你真的把事情搞得一团糟的时候吧。此处是介词 for 后面 when 引导的宾语从句。故选 C。5 【黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学 2019 届高三上学期期末】It was the belief _ he could find his “root” in Africa _ made Alex Haley decide to go to Gambia.Athat; where Bwhere; that C
35、that; that Dhow; which【答案】C【解题思路】考查连词辨析。根据句子结构及成分可知，本句主干是强调句型：It is +被强调部分+that +其它部分；第一空处引导 belief 的同位语从句，从句成分齐全，应使用只起连接作用的代词 that 引导；第二空处则应是强调句中的 that。句意：是 Alex Haley 能在非洲找到他的根的想法使他决定去赞比亚。故 C 选项正确。6 【江苏省五校 2019 届高三 12 月联考】That preserved historic village connected to downtown by a highway is _ many
36、 office workers spend their weekends.Awhat Bhow Cwhere Dwhy【答案】C【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意：那条由高速公路连接市中心的历史悠久的村庄是许多上班族周末的去处。结合句意可知此处是 where 引导的表语从句，故选 C。7 【江苏省南京市六校联合体 2019 届高三上学期 12 月联考】I really dont know _ she gets by on such a modest salary.Awhat Bwhy Chow Dthat【答案】C【解题思路】考查宾语从句。句意：我真不知道她靠这么微薄的工资是怎么生活的。此处是 h
37、ow 引导的宾语从句，故选 C。8 【江苏省新草桥中学 2019 届高三上学期 12 月月考】-How do you think I can make up with Tom?-Put aside _you disagree and try to find _ you have in common.Awhat; what Bwhat; where Cwhere; what Dwhat; whether【答案】C【解题思路】考查宾语从句。句意：你认为我可以和汤姆合好吗？把你们的分歧放置一边，尽量找到你们的共同之处。在第一个宾语从句中 disagree 为不及物动词，用 where 表抽象地点。在
38、第二个宾语从句中，have 缺宾语，havein common. 有共同之处，所以填 what 做宾语同时做从句引导词，故选 C。9 【江苏省海安高级中学 2019 届高三 12 月月考】Confidence helps you to take a leap of faith when it comes to going after _it is that you truly desire.Awhy Bwhat Cwhere Dhow【答案】B【解题思路】考查宾语从句。句意：当涉及到追求你真正想要的事物的时候，信心能够让你充满自信。句中what 引导宾语从句，并在句中做动词 desire 的宾
39、语。ACD 三项都是副词，不能做动词的宾语。故 B 项正确。10 【江苏省江都中学、华罗庚中学等 13 校 2019 届高三上学期 12 月联合调研】It is a different world but one _ offers huge challenges to ambitious young people interested in _ our universe works.Awhich; what Bwhich; why Cthat; how Dthat; that【答案】C【解题思路】考查定语从句和宾语从句。句意：这是一个不同的世界，但对我们的宇宙如何运作感兴趣的有志青年来说，这是
40、一个巨大的挑战，分析句子结构可知，第一空为定语从句，先行词为 one，应该用 that 来引导并在从句中作主语，第二空为宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，应该用 how 表示“如何” ，故 C 项正确。11 【江苏省镇江市 2019 届高三上学期期中考试】Stephen Hawkings crowning achievement was his prediction in the 1970s _ black holes can emit energy, despite the classical view that nothing can escape their gravity.Awhen Bw
41、hat Chow Dthat【答案】D【解题思路】考查同位语从句。句意：Stephen Hawking 最大的成就是在 20 世纪 70 年代预测宇宙黑洞能够发出能量，而传统观点认为任何事物都无法逃避重力。句中 that 引导同位语从句解释名词 prediction 的内容，that 在句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词。故 D 项正确。12 【2019 届江苏省扬州市高三英语期中考试】 “When I take a step back and look at_ we are today, as compared to a year ago,” he says, “the numbers in
42、dicate that our economy is becoming better.”Awhen Bwhere Cwhy Dwhat【答案】B【解题思路】考查名词性从句。本句中 where 可以表示“ 地点“ 概念，还可以表示“场合“、“ 形势“、“情况“ 等概念。引导宾语从句 where we are today，做动词短语 look at 的宾语。 句意：当我后退一步来看我们的今天的情况，这些数字表示我们的数据与一年前相比进步了。故 B 项正确。13 【2019 届江苏省无锡市高三英语期中考试】Advertising often functions as an indicator for
43、 society considers to be socially acceptable and desirable at the time.Awhat Bwhether Chow Dwhich【答案】A【解题思路】考查介词的宾语从句。句意：广告常常作为一种标志，说明当时社会认为什么是可接受和可取的。此处 for 后面是一个介词的宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，从句的谓语动词 considers 缺少谓语，故答案为A。14 【江苏省徐州市 2019 届高三上学期期中考试】All the mistakes I ever made in my life were _ I wanted to say “N
44、o” and said “Yes”.Ahow Bthat C whether Dwhen【答案】D【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意：在我的人生中所犯的所以错误都是当我想要说“不” ，却说了“是” 。句中 when 引导表语从句，在句中充当时间状语。AC 项与句意不符， that 在名词性从句中不做成分，故 D 项正确。15 【天津市七校（静海一中，杨村中学，宝坻一中，大港一中等)2019 届高三上学期期中联考】It is generally believed that communication skills are becoming _ it takes to be a good doctor
45、.Athat Bwhat Cwhether Dhow【答案】B【解题思路】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：人们普遍认为，沟通技巧正逐渐成为一名好医生的必备条件。在名词性从句中，that 无意义且在从句中不作任何成分；what“什么；的东西” ，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。whether“是否” ，在从句中不作任何成分；how“怎样” ，在从句中作方式状语。 “_it takes to be a good doctor”是表语从句，从句中缺少 takes 的宾语，故用 what 来引导。故选 B。16 【天津市第一中学 2019 届高三上学期第二次月考】He wanted to know made
46、her change her mind at the last minute.Awhat was it that Bthat it was what Cwhat it was that Dthat what it was【答案】C【解题思路】考查宾语从句中的强调句。句意：他想知道是什么使她在最后一刻改变了主意。动词 know 后面是 what 引导的宾语从句，且作从句的主语，从句中是一个强调句型，强调宾语从句的主语 what，故选C。精准预测题一、语法填空【浙江杭州 2019 届上学期高三英语模拟卷八】Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in a tiny v
47、illage of Perachora. One of Marys prize _36_ (possess) was a little white lamb which her husband had given her, She kept it_37_(tie) to a tree in a field. One evening, however, the lamb was missing. The rope had been cut, so it was obvious that the lamb had been stolen.When Dimitri came in from the
48、fields, his wife told him_38_had happened. Dimitri at once set out to find the thief. After telling several of his friends about the theft, Dimitri found out that his neighbour, A1eko, had suddenly acquired a new lamb. Dimitri_39_(immediate) went to Alekos house and angrily accused him_40_stealing the lamb. He told him he had better retu
