1、Unit 3 Grammar and usage Non-restrictive attributive clauses,Goals,At the end of this lesson, youll be able to: (1)identify the restrictive(限制性定语从句)and the non- restrictive attributive clause(非限制性 定语从句); (2)understand the differences between them; (3)Know the functions(功能) of them; (4) use the two k
2、inds of attributive clause to give information about a person, a thing or a given situation.,The lady _ is sitting there is Taylor Swift. The lady _ she speaks is Taylor Swift.,who/that,Who is her?,to whom,Who is she?,Catherine, _ took weight-loss pills, now realizes that health is important.Catheri
3、ne, _ body is thin, still wants to lose some weight.,who,whose,YaoMing, _ is the tallest in the Chinese team, plays basketball in the Rockets. Football, _ is played in many countries, is popular with young people. Country music, _ hometown is Bristol, Tennessee, is pleasant to listen to.,who,which,w
4、hose,He has a sister, who is a musician. 他只有一个姐姐，她是音乐家。 He has a sister who is a musician. 他有一个是音乐家的姐姐。(他有几个姐姐),He borrowed all the books, which had pictures in them. 他借了所有的书，书里都有图画。 He borrowed all the books that had pictures in them. 他借了所有里面有图画的书。,In the class, there are 32 students, who are good
5、at maths. 这个班有32个学生，他们数学学得好。（班级人数就是32人） In the class, there are 32 students who are good at maths. 这个班有32个数学学得好的学生。（班级人数多于32人）,I met with a lot of difficulties which I had not expected. I met with a lot of difficulties, which I had not expected.,我遇到了许多没有料到的困难。,我遇到了许多困难，这点我没有料到。,Well put off the meet
6、ing till next week, _. (那时候我们就没有这么忙了) (when)Lily, _, achieved the highest score in the math test. (她一直很刻苦) (who),when we wont be so busy,who worked hard all the time,Mr Wang, _, is staying near my house. (昨天我们遇到他的) (whom) My brother, _ _, is an engineer. (他的房子正在油漆) (whose),whom we met yesterday,whos
7、e house is being painted,Theyll fly to Kunming, _ _, and then go on to Guilin. (他们将在那里呆两天) (where) Jim passed the driving test, _. (这让办公室里每个人很惊讶) (which) He agreed to the plan, _ _. (正如你预料的) (as),where they will stay for 2 days,which surprised everyone in the office,as you had expected,Jack, _, is l
8、eaving for Beijing. (你昨天和他谈了话) (whom) This museum, _ _，is under repair. (里面保存许多画) (which),with whom you talked yesterday,in which many paintings are kept,Can you find differences between the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause and Restrictive Attributive Clause?,No commas.,限制先行词的意义，若去掉剩余部分意思往往不完整,是先行
9、词的附加说明，若去掉，剩余部分意思仍完整,Therere commas.,常译成并列的分句,常译成前置定语,who/whom/that/ which/whose /when/where/why,“that” and “why” cant be used,一般为单个的词,可为单个的词，也可为句子,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：, “限定”是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句意思不完整或不明确；“非限定”只是附加说明，省去并不影响句意。, “限定”先行词指人作主语时可以用who/ that引导；“非限定”只能用who引导。“限定”指人作宾语时可以用who/that/ whom引导；“非
10、限定”只能用whom引导., “限定”先行词指物时可以用that/ which引导,“非限定”只能用which引导。, “限定”的关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略；“非限定”的关系词都不能省略。, “限定”的关系词只修饰先行词；“非限定”的关系词既可修饰一个先行词，也可是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分。, “限定” 译成中文时常置于中心词前；“非限定”则单独成句，在主句中间或后面。,Other Rules about Non-restrictive Attributive Clause,1. 在“which”引导的非限制性定语从句中，先行词既可以是一个名词或代词，也可以是句子的一部分，甚至整个句子
11、。,(1)My new car, which I bought several days ago, isnt running well. (2)Im taking some weight-loss pills, which are quite popular here. (3)He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. (4)He should grasp so many English words, which surprised me a lot.,Practice,翻译句子。 1. 他通过了考试，这使他非常
12、开心。 2. 足球是一项非常有趣的运动，全世界都踢足球。 Football,_, is played all over the world. 3. 他不得不在周日上班，这点他非常不喜欢。 He has to work on Sundays, _.,which is a very interesting sport,which he doesnt like,2. 非限制性定语从句可以用all/some/most/both/none/many of + whom/which 来表达先行词内容全部或一部分。,(1) Many people, some of whom are not overweig
13、ht, are going on a diet. (2) He has two sons, one of whom is a scientist. (3)She has two daughters, both of whom are teachers. (4)They asked me a lot of questions, many of which I couldnt answer.,Practice,根据中文意思完成句子。 1. 他深爱着他的父母，他们都对他很慈爱。 He loved his parents deeply, _ are very kind to him. 2. 世界上有七
14、大洲，最大的是亚洲。 There are 7 continents in the world, _ is Asia. 3. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _ has been proved. A. whom B. which C. what D. that,both of whom,the largest of which,_, the earth is round. (大家都知道) The earth is round, _ _. (过去人们不相信这件事),As
15、 is known to all,which people didnt believe in the old days,3. as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别,3. as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别, as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the sameas, suchas结构中。,_ I expected, youve learned a lot about non-restrictive attributive clauses in this class. Youve learned a lot about non-restrictive attributive clause
16、s in this class, _ makes me satisfied.,As,which,改错：As is known to all that YangJian is the tallest in our class., ,is,It is known to all that YangJian is the tallest in our class.,As is known to all that YangJian is the tallest in our class.,As is known to all that YangJian is the tallest in our cla
17、ss.,What,It is reported in the newspaper, Shenzhou VII landed safe, that excited the whole nation.,As_,_which,A terrible earthquake happened in Sichuan Province, as hadnt been expected. He didnt attend the lecture, as we dont know.,_ which,_ which,Which everyone knows, the 29th Olympic Games were a
18、great success. He doesnt admire OSullivan, and which surprises us.,As _,1. 关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句，但可以用for which来代替why引导。 2. 引导非限制性定语从句指物时，关系代词不用that只用which。,温馨提示,Lets Practice!,在空格处填上合适的词（关系词 / 介词+关系词）使句意完整。,In the 31rd Olympic Games, Chinese athletes got 26 gold medals, _ 15 were won by women. His gra
19、ndpa, _ life was hard in the old days, now lives happily.,of which,whose / for whom,The air around us, _ we cant live, cant be seen. Money, _ we can buy something, isnt everything.,without which,with which,Zhang Hua, _ lessons we talked yesterday, is good at dancing. Dong Hang, _ father you chatted
20、in a teahouse last week, does well in math.,with whose,about whose,China, _ has the largest population in the world, is becoming stronger and stronger. China, _ population is the largest in the world, is developing rapidly. China, _ there is a large population, is a developing country.,whose,where/i
21、n which,which,高考链接,Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greet me with a sweet smile. (2009 山东) A. who B. which C. when D. that,解析：分析句子可知空格处在句中作主语，由句意可知其指代前面句子的内容，故选B。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。,2. Ill give you my friends home address, _A_ I can reached most evenings. (2008 北京),which B. when C. whom D.
22、where,3. (2015 江苏21）The number of smokers, _ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. A. it B. which C. what D. as4. （2015福建34）China today attracts a worldwide readership, _ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A. who B. whom C. that D. which,
23、Multiple choice 1.Jane received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise. it B. that C. which D. he2. I like Nanjing, _ has many famous places of interest. A. where B. which C. when D. in which,C,B,3. My mother often goes to gym, _ she works out to keep fit. A.where B. which C. when D. that
24、4. She has two daughters, _ is good at music. A.neither of them B. either of them C. neither of whom D. but either of whom,A,C,5. I spent my holiday beside the sea, _ I played with the small girl. in which B. during which C. which D. that6. This is a high mountain, _ the top is always covered by sno
25、w. whose B. on which C. of which D. that,B,C,7. The brave man, _ the tiger was shot, is a good hunter. A. of whom B. by that C. by whom D. by which8. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see what it was going on inside the house. A. on which B. at which C. through which D. in which,C,C
26、,9. There are two thousand students in our school, _ are girls.two-thirds in which B. two-thirds in them C. two-thirds of them D. of whom two thirds 10. I have bought two ball-pens, _ writes well.neither of them B. none of them C. neither of which D. none of which,D,C,11. The factory produces half a
27、 million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that,A,12. I have many friends, _ some are businessmen. A. why B. from which C. who of D. of whom,D,13If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. that B
28、. which C. when D. where,D,14Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. those D. what,B,15I walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. A. which B. when C. where D. that,C,16. He was
29、 educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this,C,17. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which,D,18. Her sister h
30、as become a lawyer, _ she wanted to be. A. who B. that C. what D. which,D,19. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. A. in which B. by which C. which D. that,A,20. The English play _ my students acted at the
31、 New Years party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which,C,21. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. (2004，全国卷II)A. where B. which C. when D. that,A,22. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. (2004，全国卷II)A. where B.
32、 which C. when D. that,A,23. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which,A,24. There was _ time _ I hated to go to school. A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the; when,B,Language usage:,1. co
33、nsider 考虑consider sth./doing sth.eg: We must consider the matter carefully.We consider going downtown this afternoon. Ps: consider 作 “考虑”时,不可用to do!,2) consider 认为 +that clause/ sb. to be eg: We consider that you are not to blame.She is considered to be warm-hearted.,3) consider as 认为是 eg: We consid
34、er this matter (as) unimportant.,2. be skinny= be very thin 3. lift weights 4. side effect 5. achievement 6. take the risk 7. post,side effect; lift weights; be skinny,Take this medicine according to the instructions and it will have no _. You _ enough without going on a diet! The doctor said he mus
35、t not _ heavy _.,side effect,are skinny,lift,weights,achievement; take risks; post,This is the greatest scientific _ of the century. Advertisements must not be _ on the wall. You cant get rich without _.,achievement,posted,taking risks,Jack早起去钓鱼，在去的路上发现许多树木被砍伐感到很诧异。到了目的地后发现水被污染了，钓不成鱼。回家后没想到没水又没电，真霉！
36、,写作训练,Jack got up early to go fishing. On his way to the pond, he saw many trees that had been cut down, which surprised him. Upon arriving there, he found the water polluted, which made it impossible for him to fish. When he got home, he found there was no water or power, which was what he had not expected. What a bad day!,
