综英5 Unit-11 Beauty by Susan Sontag.ppt
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1、新世纪高等院校英语专业本科系列教材(修订版) 综合教程第五册(第2版) 电子教案,cover,Unit 11 Beauty,上海外语教育出版社 南京信息工程大学 刘杰海,Pre-R: picture activation,Which of the above is beautiful? Why do you think so?,Picture Activation | Pre-questions,Pre-R: picture activation-remarks,Note:We hardly can judge the above paintings “beauty”, because “be
2、auty” itself is too abstract. In addition, different people may have different opinions about the concept.The question is: What is your OWN understanding of “beauty”?,Picture Activation | Pre-questions,Pre-R: pre-Q1,1. It is believed that almost without exception everyone, men and women, old and you
3、ng, wishes to be beautiful. However, some people, not too many though, might look physically beautiful but are mentally ugly. What kind of beauty is more important, internal beauty or external beauty?,Picture Activation | Pre-questions,Open to discussion.,Pre-R: pre-Q2,2. Judgment of beauty varies f
4、rom person to person. As the saying goes, love is blind (“Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder”?). Do you think there is any universally accepted criterion for judging beauty?,Picture Activation | Pre-questions,Open to discussion.,G-R: text introduction,This revealing argumentative essay convincing
5、ly argues that associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on the defensive, and does much harm to the notion of beauty and, in particular, to women. Meanwhile, the writer exposes and criticizes the social prejudices or sexual bias against women in relation to beauty. Moreover, she poi
6、nts out the way for women to get out of the crude trap in which they have been caught for too long and calls on people to do something to save beauty from women and for women.,Text Introduction | Culture Notes | Author | Structure,G-R: author-2,Sontag, Susan (1933-2004), Jewish American writer, film
7、 maker, critic, known for her philosophical writings on modern culture. Born in New York City, Sontag was educated at the universities of California, Chicago, and Paris and at Harvard University. During the 1960s and 1970s Sontags essays and observations had a strong influence on the American counte
8、rculture. She is bisexual.,Author,G-R: author-3,Works:(1963) The Benefactor 恩主(1966) Against Interpretation (includes Notes on “Camp”) 反对阐释(1977) On Photography 论摄影(1978) Illness as Metaphor 疾病的隐喻(1980) Under the Sign of Saturn在土星的光环下 2000 National Book Award for In America,Author,G-R: author-4,Quot
9、es from Against Interpretation 反对阐释“the understanding of art starts from intuitive response and not from analysis or intellectual considerations”;interpretation had become “the intellects revenge upon art”;“in place of a hermeneutics we need an erotics of art”;“Real art has the capacity to make us n
10、ervous. By reducing the work of art to its content and then interpreting that, one tames the work of art.”;“Its beautiful, because its awful”,G-R: author-1,“Beauty”What is most beautiful in virile men is something feminine; what is most beautiful in feminine women is something masculine.(Against Int
11、erpretation, “Notes on Camp”),Author,G-R: structural analysis,Text Introduction | Culture Notes | Author | Structure,Part 1,(1-3) contrasts the ancient notion of “beauty” with the modern concept to introduce the topic.,Part 2,(4-7) illustrates how women and men are viewed/treated differently to supp
12、ort the argument: the oppression of women.,Part 3,(8-9) points out how societys gender stereotypes have affected adversely the development of women.,Part 4,(10) calls on women and the whole society to get out of the trap created by the “myth of beauty” and the resulting oppression of women.,DR-p1a t
13、ext,BEAUTY Susan Sontag1. For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons then were assumed to be what we now have to call lamely, enviously whole persons. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a persons “inside“ and “outside“, they still expected that inner beauty
14、would be matched by beauty of the other kind.,Detailed Reading,DR-p1b text,The well-born young Athenians who gathered around Socrates found it quite paradoxical that their hero was so intelligent, so brave, so honorable, so seductive and so ugly. One of Socrates main pedagogical acts was to be ugly
15、and teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciples of his how full of paradoxes life really was.,Detailed Reading,DR-p2 text,2. They may have resisted Socrates lesson. We do not. Several thousand years later, we are more wary of the enchantments of beauty. We not only split off with the g
16、reatest facility the “inside“ (character, intellect) from the “outside“ (looks); but we are actually surprised when someone who is beautiful is also intelligent, talented, good.,Detailed Reading,DR-p3 text,3. It was principally the influence of Christianity that deprived beauty of the central place
17、it had in classical ideals of human excellence. By limiting excellence (virtus in Latin) to moral virtue only, Christianity set beauty adrift as an alienated, arbitrary, superficial enchantment. And beauty has continued to lose prestige. For close to two centuries it has become a convention to attri
18、bute beauty to only one of the two sexes: the sex which, however Fair, is always Second. Associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on the defensive, morally.,Detailed Reading,DR-p4 text,4. A beautiful woman, we say in English. But a handsome man. “Handsome“ is the masculine equivalen
19、t of and refusal of a compliment which has accumulated certain demeaning overtones, by being reserved for women only. That one can call a man “beautiful“ in French and in Italian suggests that Catholic countries unlike those countries shaped by the Protestant version of Christianity still retain som
20、e vestiges of the pagan admiration for beauty. But the difference, if one exists, is of degree only. In every modern country that is Christian or post-Christian, women are the beautiful sex to the detriment of the notion of beauty as well as of women.,Detailed Reading,DR-p5a text,5. To be called bea
21、utiful is thought to name something essential to womens character and concerns. (In contrast to men whose essence is to be strong, or effective, or competent.) It does not take someone in the throes of advanced feminist awareness to perceive that the way women are taught to be involved with beauty e
22、ncourages narcissism, reinforces dependence and immaturity.,Detailed Reading,DR-p5b text,Everybody (women and men) knows that. For it is “everybody“, a whole society, that has identified being feminine with caring about how one looks. (In contrast to being masculine which is identified with caring a
23、bout what one is and does and only secondarily, if at all, about how one looks.) Given these stereotypes, it is no wonder that beauty enjoys, at best, a rather mixed reputation.,Detailed Reading,DR-p6 text,6. It is not, of course, the desire to be beautiful that is wrong but the obligation to be or
24、to try. What is accepted by most women as a flattering idealization of their sex is a way of making women feel inferior to what they actually are or normally grow to be. For the ideal of beauty is administered as a form of self-oppression. Women are taught to see their bodies in parts, and to evalua
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