1、冠词,the article,a / an,the,I.冠词的定义 冠词是一种虚词,没有词义,没有数和格的变化,不能单独使用,只能帮助名词或起名词作用的其它词类说明其意义.,II.冠词的种类 冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词两大类.定冠词特指一特定名词,不定冠词泛指一般普通名词.,III.不定冠词的用法 不定冠词有a和an两种形式.a用在以辅音开头的名词前, 一般读作; an 用在以元音开头的名词前,一般读作n.,1.首次提到某人或某物,常起介绍作用. He is a doctor. He is studying in a university.,2.在单数普通名词前,指一类人或事物,通常不必译出.
2、An ear is an organ for listening. A fox is a cunning animal.=Foxes are cunning animals.=The fox is a cunning animal.,3.说明某一事物,相当于the same,表示“相同”的意思.,They are nearly of an age. The two shirts are of a size. Birds of a feather flock together.,4.在表示时间或度量单位的名词前,具有”每一”的意思. The train is running at 60 km a
3、n hour. He earns two thousand yuan a month.,The little girl is eating an ice-cream at the table. Its an honor to me to be given such a good chance to make a further study at university.,5.其他用法 1).物质名词或抽象名词前用a / an表示具体意义制成品或种类.,2)人名前用a / an 表示说话人对此人不认识,相当于”a certain” . Our music teacher is a Miss Whi
4、te. A Mr Chen came to see you this morning. 也可指与某名人有类似性质的人或事物. He wishes to became a Newton.,3).专有名词中的地名前用a / an 指某时期或某个样子的某地. She is now a different China from what she was twenty years ago.,4).a / an 用于某些固定词组中 once upon a time / an hour or two have a walk / many a time turn a deaf ear to,IV.定冠词的用法
5、 1.使用定冠词的场合 1).在单数普通名词前表示一类人或事物,the 不必译出. The horse is a useful animal.=A horse is a useful animal.=Horses are useful animals.,2).在重新提及的人或事物的名词前 He bought a book yesterday. The book is on the desk. I received a letter a few days ago. The letter was from England.,3).在谈话双方都知道的特定的人或事物的名词前. Pass me the
6、book, please. Would you mind my opening the window?,4).在有限制性定语修饰的名词前 This is the place where I once lived. The plane to Shanghai has taken off.,5).在序数词前 The first boy is his younger brother. I am the last to come.,6).在表示世界上独一无二的事 物的名词前 the world / the sun / the moon / the sky / the earth,7).在方向名词前 o
7、n the right / left in the east / west / south / north,8).在形容词和副词的最高级前 Winter is the coldest season of the year. Who sings (the) best in your class? 副词的最高级经常省略the,9).在某些形容词(或分词)前表示一类人或事物 The young / the grown-up / the blind / the wounded / the oppressed,被压迫/虐待的人,10).在姓氏复数形式前表示一家人. The Greens are at t
8、able. The Chens will move to Naijing.,11).在逢十的复数数词前表示某个年代 When he went to America in the seventies, he was already in his forties. In the 1870s, Marx began to learn Russian.,12).在乐器的名称前 The girl is playing the piano. He often plays the violin in the evening.,13).在表示单位的名词前 I have hired the car by the
9、 hour. Eggs are sold by the dozen.,鸡蛋是按打卖的。,14).在由普通名词或形容词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall the United States the Summer Palace,15).在由”普通名词+专有名词”构成的专有名词前,the Peoples Republic of China the New York Timesthe Readers Digest,16).表示全体国民的专有名词前 the Chinese the French,17).江河湖海运河海湾海峡山脉群岛森林平原盆地沙漠等专有名词前 the yellow river / the Pacific Ocean / the West lake / the Suez Canal / the Gulf of Mexico / the English Channel / the Himalayas,17).江河湖海运河海湾海峡山脉群岛森林平原盆地沙漠等专有名词前 the British Isles / the Black forest / the North China Plain / the Tarim Basin / the Sahara Desert,注:Mount Fuji / Lake Baikal 无冠词,不列颠群岛,
