1、武汉工业学院毕业论文文献综述2011 届毕业论文题目 浅论苔丝的悲剧 院（系） 经济管理学院 专业名称 英 语（双学位）学生姓名 赵 丹 学生学号 070808411 指导教师 李 鹏 Literature ReviewThe Analysis of Tesss Tragedy ByZhao DanUndergraduate ProgramDepartment of English language and LiteratureWuhan Polytechnic UniversitySupervisor Li Peng Academic Title Lecturer ApprovedMarch
2、 14, 2011Published in 1850, Tess of the DUrbervilles is considered Thomas Hardys most famous novel and the first quintessentially English novel in style, theme, and language. Hardys novel offered a uniquely English style, language, set of characters, and most importantly，a uniquely American central
3、dilemma. So many foreign and domestic scholars pay a lot of attention on analyzing it.The opinions of the scholars are diverse on the novel, especially on the discussion of the theme of the novel. The novel has been studied, analyzed, and discussed from different aspects. Therefore, the novel has to
4、 be done in-depth investigation and research and the study will always be endless. And whats more, the previous studies have developed a lot of valuable views for reference, all those have served as a starting point and thus have made enormous contribution to providing multitudinal academic foundati
5、on for a further study on the novel.1The domestic situation of the researchThe studies on Tess of the DUrbervilles have been gathered which are published in the past years in China.The Research of Hardy in China is divided into three stages: 1. translation. October 1934, Lu Tianshi first translated
6、Hardys novel “Tess of the DUrbervilles“ published by Shanghai Zhonghua Book Press. This was the emergence of the earliest translations of the novels written by Thomas Hardy. 2. Comments. Such as the Peoples Literature Publishing House published in 1958, “On Hardys “Tess”, “Jude the Obscure”, “ Retur
7、n of the Native“ and other articles, the book is made up of 6 Papers ( “On Tess “ is one of articles in this book) , which centre on the main characters of the work related to the meaning and theme.3.New development. Since the 20th century, a new period of development had appeared, there has multipl
8、e translations, and foreign scholars researches also began to publish in Chinese. The study also began to transfer from the general depth think to evaluation. There have been many books on Hardy research, contained in Zhangs “Thought of Thomas Hardy - Creation “.With the publication Tess of the DUrb
9、ervilles in 1891, Thomas hardy had become famous as the greatest writer living then in the English; he is also becoming more and more popular with Chinese readers. Since 1934, Li Tianshi first transported Tess and published by Zhonghua Book Press. In the article, the heroine, a poor girl, is beautif
10、ul, kind, hard-working simple, with gifted character, but her life is full of tribulations, eventually leading to the dead road. This tragic ending is established the tone of research Tess after the reform and opening-up policy. From 1979 to 1989, there are only l5 papers in Chinas critics which are
11、 reviewed, including 6 articles are comment on film and TV of Tess. From 1990 to 1999, the articles about Tess are reached by 61. In the first decade of the 21st century, namely from 2000 to 2009 years, relevant Tesss papers have increased to 604 paper (this datas deadline is 2009.12 25, and is subt
12、ractive irrelevant topic of Tess from the proceeds after data), its fabric about 4l5 article is analytical about Tess tragic fate. Some think that Tesss tragedy was not accidental, as the Tragedy of Tess, written by Shi Xuehua. The article says that under social and injustice, she inevitable became
13、a sacrifice of that society. Tess was victim, while she was discriminated and regarded as a murdered sentenced to death. Lu Nan thought that A|I the factorsthe ambivalent character of Tess，the despicable Alec，the sanctimonious Angel and the vainglorious parents are responsible for the tragedy of Tes
14、sHer life is short and miserablebut she is pure and respectableWe sympathize with her sufferings and appreciate her spirit constantly fighting for unjust fate. The article, Aristotles the Tragic Theory Reflected in the Tragic Life of Tess, In this article，the author uses Aristotles tragic theories i
15、n poetry to analyze the tragic life of Tess of the DUrbervilles, in which the author aims to let readers know Aristotles tragic theory reflected in the tragic life of Tess so that both readers and the author can have a deeper understanding of the novel.2 Foreign situation of researchHardy was a grea
16、t critical realist in the late 19th century. He was born in 1840 and died in 1928. During this period, great changes have taken place in the history of western civilization. British society was characterized by reform, turbulence and intranquility. And this period was also the age of railway, wirele
17、ss, telegraphy and countless other mechanical inventions that revolutionized the nature of society within a very short span of time. Having been influenced by the development of science and social situations, thereupon, the realistic writers got down to writing something and most of them used their
18、works as an instrument of social reform.There are also many foreign experts paying their attention to the study of the novel. On its publication, Tess of the DUrbervilles is highly focused by the scholars. There are many foreign experts paying their attention on the study of the novel. Hardys study
19、by overseas people began in the late 19th century. In 1894, Lionel .P. John issued the “Thomas hardys art“ as the first to study hardys collection, the book of hardys thoughts and art to carry on a various research. The 20th century, hardys research in the western presents various situations, flower
20、s collective sum up mainly in the following aspects: 1.the research of hardys philosophical ideas, such as parry grams. Blake Brookes “the hardy and their philosophy focuses on the study of the causes of hardys philosophy thought and the specific performance, particularly pointed out that“ inner wil
21、l “is the core of Hardy thought; Shermans Hardys pessimism centre on hardys pessimism and religious thought, has certain effect in academia. 2. The analysis on character in Hardys fiction image, Virginia Woolfs “on Thomas hardys novels“ points out, Hardy has strong ideological force, a profound poet
22、ic and characteristics of human concern, especially to women has been shaping another peak in the literary. 3. the Research of Hardys vernacular style, representative figures is May Williams, her “Thomas hardy and England” discusses the Hardys works of rural background, and the Hardys creation of lo
23、cal consciousness and rural subjects to exploit There are a lot of articles about Tess of the DUrbervilles, The most positive of the early academic analyses the novels theme is entitled:”the nature novel from hardy to Lawrence “(1977). It was written by John Alcorn who concluded the theme as the cri
24、ticism of social background Victorian time. So the root of Tesss tragedy can be concluding as Tesss unfaithfulness in a transitional social period. In john Alcorns work he explained his opinion about Tesss the theme in great details. Tess of the DUrbervilles could be regarded as the summit of hardy
25、realism novel in a transitional period. Hardy wants to emphasize his oppositional view with that special social situation; meanwhile the theme lies in the criticism of social conditions under the control of capitalism.”(John Alcorn, 1977:57) Meanwhile, Merryn Williams in his book A preface to hardy
26、.Beijing: Peking university press (2005) pointed the novels theme as “it is absolutely unfair for a poor women victim like Tess in the double standards of Victorian society.”(Merryn Williams, 2005: 98) In his opinion, its the double standards social system in Victorian times should be blamed. Merryn
27、 Williams said like that: Alec can get away his sin easily, while Tess is forever condemned as the fallen women who have to pay for the others sin. When angel tells her about his affair with women, she forgives him immediately. However, he cannot forgive Tess stained past, even though he is aware th
28、at she is the injured party. (Merryn Williams, 2005: 102). Another critic, Cheryll Glotfelty in his work the Ecocriticism Reader: landmarks in Literary Ecology (1996) concluded the novels theme as the emphasize of moneys importance in transitional society because its the economic situation of Tesss
29、family leads to her tragedy and the whole novel centers with the criticism of money workship. According to his opinion, “had her family been better off, she would not have encountered such a disgrace and such a disasterous end.”(Cheryll Glotfelty, 1996:220)It can be found that Tesss father is a hagg
30、ler without any land. The only source of income is cut off by the death of the horse. As the eldest child, Tess is forced to take up the responsibility and become a laborer which has caused a lot of trouble for Tess later on. As freeholders, they neither have land of their own, nor have a house to s
31、helter them. Thus after her fathers death, they are evicted out of their house. Faced with privation, Tess has no choice but to succumb to Alecs temptation for the sake of keeping her family alive.All in all, there are many different opinions about the novels theme. Each has meaningful basis. In one
32、 word, based upon the above-mentioned causes of Tesss tragedy, one can concluded that a woman like Tess is doomed to be a victim in such a society. As a new woman born in a poor family and a conventional society, it is hard for her to protest and entertain impractical ideals. So from these articles
33、and books, we can see that Tess of the DUrbervilles is a classic work in the world.Bibliography1 Brown, Douglas. Thomas Hardy. 19542 Chen Xia. Analysis of the Tragic Mood in “Tess of the DUrbervilles” JJournal of Ren Min University of China (social societies), 1998. 3 Hardy, E, Florence. The Life of
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